Macrocephalosaurus
Temporal range: Late Triassic (Carnian), ~
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Order: †Rhynchosauria
Family: †Rhynchosauridae
Subfamily: †Hyperodapedontinae
Genus: †Macrocephalosaurus
Tupi Caldas, 1933
Type species
†Macrocephalosaurus mariensis
Species

Macrocephalosaurus is a genus of rhynchosaurs (beaked, archosaur-like reptiles) from the Late Triassic period (Carnian stage) of southern Brazil. Although usually synonymized with Hyperodapedon, recent cladistic analysis has called this synonymy into question.

Classification

The type species of Macrocephalosaurus, M. mariensis, was described in 1933 by Jaci Antonio Louzada Tupi Caldas on the basis of MCN 1867, a complete specimen from the upper member of the Santa Maria Formation in Rio Grande Do Sul State State, southern Brazil. Langer (1996, 1998) regarded Macrocephalosaurus mariensis as a probable junior synonym of Hyperodapedon huxleyi, synonymizing Macrocephalosaurus with Hyperodapedon, although Langer and Schultz (2000) listed M. mariensis as a valid species within Hyperodapedon, as H. mariensis, which was followed by Mukherjee and Ray (2014).[1][2][3][4] In their cladistic analysis of the newly described taxon Beesiiwo, Fitch et al. (2023) recovered Macrocephalosaurus as more closely related to Supradapedon and Teyumbaita than to the Hyperodapedon type species or Oryctorhynchus, recommending revalidation of Macrocephalosaurus.[5]

The following cladogram is based on the phylogenetic analysis of Hyperodapedontinae by Mukherjee & Ray (2014).[4]

Hyperodapedontinae

Isalorhynchus genovefae

Teyumbaita sulcognathus

Hyperodapedon

H. huenei

Macrocephalosaurus mariensis

H. sanjuanensis

Oryctorhynchus

H. sp from India

H. huxleyi

H. gordoni

Beesiiwo

H. sp from Zimbabwe

H. tikiensis

Supradapedon stockleyi

References

  1. ↑ Langer, M.C. 1996. [Rincossaurossul-brasileiros histórico e filogenia. Dissertação de Maestrado, Instituto de Geociências, Universidad Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 361 p. Unpublished.].
  2. ↑ Langer, M.C. 1998. Gilmoreteiidae new family and Gilmoreteius new genus (Squamata, Scincomorpha): replacement names for Macrocephalosauridae Sulimski, 1975 and Macrocephalosaurus Gilmore, 1943. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Série Zoologia Porto Alegre 11: 13–18.
  3. ↑ Max C. Langer and Cesar L. Schultz (2000). "A new species of the Late Triassic rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon from the Santa Maria Formation of south Brazil". Palaeontology. 43 (6): 633–652. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00143.
  4. 1 2 Mukherjee, D., Ray, S. (2014), A new Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny. Palaeontology. doi: 10.1111/pala.12113
  5. ↑ Fitch, A. J.; Haas, M.; C'Hair, W.; Ridgley, E.; Ridgley, B.; Oldman, D.; Reynolds, C., and Lovelace, D. M., 2023. A New Rhynchosaur Taxon from the Popo Agie Formation, WY: Implications for a Northern Pangean Early-Late Triassic (Carnian) Fauna. Diversity 15 (4). 544. doi:10.3390/d15040544.
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