This is a list of independent wrestling promotions in the United States, sorted by regional area, and lists both active and defunct "indy promotions" from the 1990s and 2000s. This list does not include the regional territories or promotions affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance.

There is no concrete definition on what constitutes an independent promotion. A general guideline would be that an independent promotion, as its name suggests, has no corporate sponsor or ownership providing funding for its operation. For example, Ring of Honor is owned by Tony Khan and Impact Wrestling is a subsidiaries of Anthem Sports, so they fall outside this definition. Another guideline would be a restriction, either by choice or by financial or logistical circumstances, to a particular geographic area, be it a state, a metropolitan area, or even a single town or arena.

Of lesser consideration is the promotion's fanbase. Fan attendance at live shows can be a factor, but is by no means a definite consideration. Most shows hosted by independent promotions have attendances anywhere from under fifty to a thousand or more, but Extreme Championship Wrestling in its heyday in the 1990s regularly hosted events of several thousand fans. Media exposure is also considered. Most independent promotions have very limited television exposure, if any, as they lack equipment or infrastructure to produce broadcast-quality programming. None have had any national television contract since ECW in the late 1990s. The most successful televised promotions release shows as syndicated programming, aired by one or several network affiliates in their local area.

New England

Connecticut

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Assault Championship Wrestling Waterbury Jason Knight 2000–present [1][2]

Massachusetts

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Note
Century Wrestling Alliance Revere Ellen Magliaro
Tony Rumble		 1989–2007 Formerly known as NWA New England from 1998 to 2007. Is the longest-running independent promotion under a single owner in New England[1][3][4][5][6][7] Tony Rumble died in 1999.
Chaotic Wrestling North Andover Jamie Jamitowski
Killer Kowalski		 2000–2017 [8][9][10]
International Wrestling Federation Reading Killer Kowalski 1979–1995 Associated with Kowalski's wrestling school, a number of his early students competed in the promotion such as Perry Saturn, Joanie Laurer (later to be known as Chyna) and Paul Levesque (now better known as Triple H); later relocated to Burlington, Vermont[1][3][4][5][11]
International World Class Championship Wrestling Boston Joseph Savoldi 1984–1996 Dominant independent promotion in New England during the 1980s; succeeded by Century Wrestling Alliance prior to its close in 1996[1][3][5][12]
Millennium Wrestling Federation Melrose Dan Mirade
Neil Manolian
 2001–2013 [14]
New England Championship Wrestling Jamaica Plain Sheldon Goldberg 2000–2019 [8][15][16][17]
Top Rope Promotions Fall River Steve Ricard 1984–(Last event was in 2017 so far) Formerly known as Yankee Pro Wrestling[8][3][4] from 1997 to 2004
World Wrestling Stars Rockland Mike Sparta 1998–2010

New Hampshire

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Front Row Wrestling Rochester Scott C. Despres 2003–2010 Announced a merger with NWA Liberty States Wrestling in Massachusetts[18]

Rhode Island

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Power League Wrestling Pawtucket Jack Martin
Ralph Adams		 1991–2016 Oldest independent wrestling promotion in Rhode Island[8][3][19]

East Coast

Delaware

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
East Coast Wrestling Association Newark Jim Kettner
Mike Tartaglia[20]		 1967–present Longest-running independent promotion in Delaware[3][4][5][21]

Maryland

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Maryland Championship Wrestling Baltimore Dan McDevitt
Dick Caricofe
Dennis Whipwrecht		 1998–2003
1998–2003		 Founded by Dan McDevitt and Mark Shrader in 1998, it went on hiatus for three years before resuming operations in 2006[3][22] Caricofe died on May 14, 2021.
Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation Essex Dennis Wippercht
Tim Burke		 1991–2004 [3][4][11][23]

New Jersey

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Game Changer Wrestling New Jersey Brett Lauderdale 1999–present
Independent Wrestling Federation Woodland Park Kevin Knight 1998–2017 [3][24]
Jersey All Pro Wrestling Bayonne Frank Iadeavia
Jeff Sharpio		 1997–2018 [8][3][25][26] Iadeavia died on September 23, 2015.
Phoenix Championship Wrestling Toms River Don Bucci 2001–2003 Promoted by the twin brother of Simon Dean, Donnie B, PCW was home to a number of future WWE stars, most notably Mike Bucci[27]
Women Superstars Uncensored Lake Hiawatha Sean Hansen 2007–2012

New York

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Family Wrestling Entertainment Manhattan Jordan Schneider 2010–2015
House Of Glory Ridgewood, New York City The Amazing Red
Brian XL
Master P		 2012–present
Northeast Wrestling Newburgh Mike Lombardi 1994–present
Wild Zero Syracuse Krist Worthless 2017–present

Pennsylvania

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
CHIKARA Allentown Mike Quackenbush 2002–2020 [8]
Combat Zone Wrestling Philadelphia D. J. Hyde 1999–present [3][28]
Dragon Gate USA Philadelphia Satoshi Oji
Gabe Sapolsky		 2009–2015 American affiliate of the Japanese puroresu organization Dragon Gate
Extreme Championship Wrestling Philadelphia Tod Gordon
Paul Heyman		 1992–2001 [3][15][4][5][11][29]
Extreme Rising Philadelphia Shane Douglas
Kevin Kleinrock
Steve O'Neill		 2012–2014
Keystone State Wrestling Alliance Pittsburgh Bobby O 2000–present
Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling Philadelphia The Blue Meanie
Jasmin St. Claire		 2002–2005 Also known as 3PW; featured many former stars from Extreme Championship Wrestling following its close in 2001[30][31]
Pro Wrestling eXpress McKeesport Jim Miller 1994–present [32]
Steel City Wrestling Pittsburgh Norm Connors 1994–2000 Promotion closed after Conners entered the mortuary business; became promoter for the International Wrestling Cartel in 2001[3][4][5][33]
World Xtreme Wrestling Allentown Afa Anoa'i 1996–present Associated with Afa Anoa'i's Wild Samoan Pro Wrestling Training Cente.r[8][3][34]
International Wrestling Cartel Pittsburgh Justin Plumer 2001–Present [35]

Midwest

Illinois

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
All American Wrestling BerwynChicago

LaSalle

 Danny Daniels 2004–present In 2018 began branching out to Austin, Texas.
American Wrestling Federation Chicago Paul Alperstein 1994–1996 Tito Santana and Sgt. Slaughter were bookers for the promotion[3][36]
Shimmer Women Athletes Berwyn Dave Prazak
Allison Danger		 2005–2021 [37]
Warrior Wrestling Chicago Heights Steve Tortorello 2018–present
Windy City Pro Wrestling Chicago Sam DeCero 1988–2010 [3][15][4][5]
Women's Wrestling Army Chicago Bobby Cruise
Maria Kanellis		 2022–present

Indiana

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
IWA Mid-South Clarksville Ian Rotten 1996–2022 [8][3][38][39]
Main Event Championship Wrestling Evansville Jason Daniel 2009–present

Iowa

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
National Wrestling Alliance Waterloo Billy Corgan 1948–2012 2017-Present

Kansas

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Metro Pro Wrestling Kansas City Chris Gough 2010–2016 Sold to the National Wrasslin' League in December of 2016

Michigan

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Juggalo Championship Wrestling Detroit Shaggy 2 Dope
Violent J		 1999–present [40]

Minnesota

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Pro Wrestling America Minneapolis Eddie Sharkey 1985–1998 [3][11][41][42]

Missouri

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
National Wrasslin' League Kansas City Major Baisden 2016–2018
World League Wrestling Troy Harley Race (former) 1999–present Associated with the Harley Race Wrestling Academy; formerly affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance[8][3][43]

Ohio

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Heartland Wrestling Association Cincinnati Cody Hawk

Jack Kimble Chad Dillefeld

 1996–2015 Founded by Les Thatcher[8][3][44][45]
World Wide Wrestling Alliance Columbus Richard Arpin
Dave Nelson		 2004–2005 Originally known as NWA Ohio[46]

Southeast

Florida

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Full Impact Pro Largo Sal Hamaoui 2004–present Sister promotion of Ring of Honor from 2003 to 2009; talent exchange agreement with Dragon Gate USA[47][48]
Future of Wrestling Fort Lauderdale Bobby Rogers 1998–2003 Associated with Rusty Brooks' School of Hard Knocks.[3][49]
Shine Wrestling Tampa Sal Hamaoui 2012–present Sister promotion of Shimmer Women Athletes. Runs events regularly on internet pay-per-view.
Continental Championship Wrestling Jacksonville Chris Turner 1989–1991 Sister promotion of Continental Championship Wrestling (Alabama). Runs events regularly on YouTube.

Georgia

Name Location Owners Years Active Information
Deep South Wrestling McDonough Jody Hamilton 2005–2007 WWE developmental territory from 2005 to 2007[50][51]
National Championship Wrestling Cornelia Steve Martin 1997–1999 Merged with NWA Georgia to form NWA Wildside[3][52]
Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling Marietta Dusty Rhodes 2000–2003 Featured many former stars from World Championship Wrestling following its close in 2001[53]

Kentucky

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Ohio Valley Wrestling Louisville Al Snow 1998–present Affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance from 1998 to 2000 and a WWE developmental territory from 2000 to 2008; also has an affiliate promotion, Derby City Wrestling, which it used to train students as its wrestling facility[3][54][55]

North Carolina

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
CWF-Mid Atlantic Wrestling Burlington Danny Wenkel 2000–2019 Also known as the Carolina Wrestling Federation; affiliated with AWA Superstars from 2005 until 2007, and Pro Wrestling International since 2009[8][3][56][57]
Deadlock Pro-Wrestling North Carolina Anthony Douglas James Darnell John Blud 2021–present
OMEGA Championship Wrestling Cameron Matt Hardy
Jeff Hardy		 1997–1999
2013–present		 Promotion closed when Matt and Jeff Hardy joined the World Wrestling Federation, later reopened
South Atlantic Pro Wrestling Winston-Salem Paul Jones
Frank Dusek		 1990–1992 Founded as North American Wrestling Association by George Scott, John Ringley and Mike Lamberth[3][58]
Premiere Wrestling Xperience Charlotte Brian Kanabroski 2003–present Founded in 2003 as Carolina Wrestling Association. Renamed in 2008 as Premiere Wrestling Showcase. Since 2010, it has been known as Premiere Wrestling Xperience.

Tennessee

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Global Force Wrestling Nashville Jeff JarrettKaren Jarrett 2014–2017
Innovate Wrestling Kingsport Tony Givens 2004–present Was known as Championship Wrestling Alliance from 2004–2011 and NWA Smoky Mountain/NWA Smoky Mountain Wrestling from 2011–2017.
Memphis Championship Wrestling Memphis Terry Golden 2000–2001 WWE developmental territory from 2000 to 2001; revived as Memphis Wrestling in 2003[59]
Smoky Mountain Wrestling Knoxville Jim Cornette 1991–1995 [3][29][60][61]
Southern States Wrestling Kingsport Beau James 1991–present Formerly known as NWA Championship Wrestling[8][3][4][5][62]
United States Wrestling Association Memphis Jerry Jarrett
Jerry Lawler		 1988–1997 Promotion formed when regional promotions the Continental Wrestling Association and the Dallas-based World Class Wrestling Association merged in 1989[3][4][5][11][63][64]

Virginia

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance Arlington Shyte Pan Dan
Stinky Steve		 1995–1999 Also known as the Independent Pro Wrestling Alliance[3][4][65]

West Virginia

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Mason-Dixon Wrestling Nutter Fort Jim Hawkins 1997–2010 [3][66]

South Central

Texas

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Global Wrestling Federation Dallas Max Andrews
Grey Pierson		 1991–1994 [3][67][68]
Reality of Wrestling Houston Booker T 2006–present
Texas All-Star Wrestling Humble Bob Murphy 1994–present The first successful promotion since the close of World Class Championship Wrestling in 1990 and the Global Wrestling Federation in 1994, it is currently the oldest independent promotion in Texas[3][4]
Texas Wrestling Alliance San Antonio Rudy Gonzales 1999–present Founded with Shawn Michaels as part of his Texas Wrestling Academy wrestling school[3][69]
Warriors 4 Christ Wrestling San Antonio Curtis Stone 1999–present

West

California

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
All Pro Wrestling Hayward Roland Alexander 1991–present[70] Featured in the 1999 documentary Beyond the Mat[3][71][72]
Empire Wrestling Federation San Bernardino Jesse Hernandez
Bill Anderson		 1996–present [3][71][73]
Incredibly Strange Wrestling San Francisco Johnny Legend
August Ragone		 1995–2003
Pro Wrestling Guerrilla Los Angeles Excalibur
Joey Ryan
Scott Lost
Super Dragon		 2003–present [71][74]
Ultimate Pro Wrestling Los Angeles Rick Bassman 1998–2007 The home promotion for many current stars of TNA, WWE and Zero One; as of 2005, is an official talent scout for the WWE[71][75][76]
Wrestling Society X Los Angeles Kevin Kleinrock
Cody Michaels
Vampiro		 2006–2007 Produced by Big Vision Entertainment, it was briefly aired on MTV in 2007[77]
Xtreme Pro Wrestling Sherman Oaks Rob Zicari
Tom Byron		 1999–2003, 2021–present [78][71][79]
PCW Ultra Torrance Mike Scharnagl 2015–present

Nevada

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Ladies Professional Wrestling Association Laughlin Tor Berg 1989–1992 Based in Laughlin, Nevada the promotion held its only pay-per-view in Minnesota.[80]

Oregon

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Portland Wrestling Uncut Portland Pete Schweitzer

Roddy Piper Don Coss

 2012–2014 The promotion aired on KPTV and KPDX.[81][82][83]
West Coast Wrestling Connection Salem Jeff Manning

Pat Kelly

 2005–present Weekly television broadcast on KPDX-TV[84]

Utah

Name Location Owner(s) Years active Notes
Ultra Championship Wrestling-Zero Salt Lake City Steve Neilson 2002–present Affiliated with AWA Superstars from 2005 to 2007[85][86]
    Arizona ;

Arizona Wrestling Federation

Phoenix, Arizona

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "The New England Indy Graveyard". The New England Independent. Metrocast.net.
  2. ↑ Tsakiries, Phil; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Assault Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Royal Duncan & Gary Will (2000). Wrestling Title Histories (2017 ed.). Archeus Communications. ISBN 0-9698161-5-4.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pro Wrestling Illustrated. "Promotional Directory." The 1997 Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts. 2nd ed. Fort Washington, Pennsylvania: London Publishing Company, 1997. (pg. 190–193)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pro Wrestling Illustrated. "Promotional Directory." The 1996 Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts. 1st ed. Fort Washington, Pennsylvania: London Publishing Company, 1996 (pg. 192–193)
  6. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Century Wrestling Alliance". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  7. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric; Westcott, Brian; Oliver, Earl; Marks, Mark; Dupree, Jim (2004). "NWA Cold Front (formerly New England/Century Wrestling Alliance)". Solie's Title Histories.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Morgan, Adam; Stein, Nate (October 13, 2005). "Indy Contact Sheet". News. 411mania.com.
  9. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Chaotic Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  10. ↑ Palladino, Rich (2004). "Chaotic Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Macika, Dominic, ed. (May 26, 1996). "Pro Wrestling Frequently Asked Questions: Other North American Federations". Rec. Sport.Pro-Wrestling FAQ. Nick's Wrestling Spot.
  12. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "International Championship Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  13. Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Millennium Wrestling Federation". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  14. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric (2005). "Millennium Wrestling Federation". Solie's Title Histories.
  15. 1 2 3 "Wrestling Addresses". Resources: Products, Shows & Addresses. WrestlingMuseum.com. 2000.
  16. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "New England Championship Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  17. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "New England Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  18. ↑ Despres, Scott (February 26, 2010). "BIG CHANGE AHEAD: NWA LIBERTY STATES". Front Row Wrestling Message Board.
  19. ↑ Oliver, Earl (2009). "Power League Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  20. ↑ 1Wrestling News Team (August 27, 2010). "ECWA Hails Birthday Number 43 Today!". 1wrestling.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ Dupree, Jim (2004). "East Coast Wrestling Association". Solie's Title Histories.
  22. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Maryland Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  23. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric; Westcott, Brian; Duncan, Royal; Will, Gary (2004). "Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation (Maryland)". Solie's Title Histories.
  24. ↑ Tsakiries, Phil; Roelfsema, Eric (2004). "Independent Wrestling Federation". Solie's Title Histories.
  25. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Jersey All Pro Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  26. ↑ Tsakiries, Phil; Hisaharu Tanabe (2009). "Jersey All Pro Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  27. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Phoenix Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  28. ↑ Westcott, Brian; Bish, Matt; Fenwick, Adam; Urbanavage, Michael (2004). "Combat Zone Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  29. 1 2 Macika, Dominic, ed. (May 26, 1996). "Pro Wrestling Frequently Asked Questions: How do I contact my favorite wrestlers or promotion?". Rec. Sport.Pro-Wrestling FAQ. Nick's Wrestling Spot.
  30. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "3PW – Pro Pain Pro Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  31. ↑ "3PW". Pro Wrestling History: The Independents. ProWrestlingHistory.com.
  32. ↑ Competes at the WrestlePlex in McKeesport, PA.
  33. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Steel City Wrestling (Pennsylvania)". Solie's Title Histories.
  34. ↑ Westcott, Brian; Shaffer, Eric; Ziek, Ben; Lazarsky, John; Clemson, Mark; Cesare, Sam (2005). "World Xtreme Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  35. ↑ Forney, Jesse (November 4, 2017). "IWCwrestling.com – The International Wrestling Cartel". iwcwrestling.com. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  36. ↑ "Paul Alperstein's AWF". Pro Wrestling History: The Independents. ProWrestlingHistory.com.
  37. ↑ Fenwick, Adam (2008). "SHIMMER Women Athletes". Solie's Title Histories.
  38. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Independent Wrestling Association". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  39. ↑ Eric Roelfsema; Brian Westcott; Adam Fenwick; Jeff Capo (2005). "Independent Wrestling Association (Indiana/Kentucky)". Solie's Title Histories.
  40. ↑ Tsakiries, Phil; Petrashek, Ethan (2004). "Juggalo Championsh*t Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  41. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Pro-Wrestling America". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  42. ↑ Palma, Richard; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Pro-Wrestling America". Solie's Title Histories.
  43. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "World Legion/World League Wrestling (NWA)". Solie's Title Histories.
  44. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Heartland Wrestling Association". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  45. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Heartland Wrestling Association". Solie's Title Histories.
  46. ↑ Oliver, Earl (2004). "World Wide Wrestling Alliance". Solie's Title Histories.
  47. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Full Impact Pro". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  48. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Full Impact Pro". Solie's Title Histories.
  49. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Future Of Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  50. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Deep South Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  51. ↑ Tanabe, Hisaharu; Westcott, Brian (2006). "Deep South Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  52. ↑ Oliver, Earl (2004). "National Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  53. ↑ Westcott, Brian; Palma, Richard (2004). "Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  54. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Ohio Valley Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
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  56. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Carolina Wrestling Federation". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  57. ↑ Sawyer, Grant (2004). "CWF-Mid Atlantic Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  58. ↑ "North American Wrestling Association/South Atlantic Pro Wrestling". Pro Wrestling History: The Independents. ProWrestlingHistory.com.
  59. ↑ Westcott, Brian; Knight, Kris (2004). "Memphis Championship Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  60. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Smoky Mountain Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  61. ↑ Matt Benaka; Brian Westcott; Royal Duncan; Gary Will (2004). "Smoky Mountain Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  62. ↑ Eric Roelfsema; Brian Westcott; Matt Benaka; Brett Williams; Royal Duncan; Gary Will (2004). "NWA Championship Wrestling (formerly SSW – Southern States Wrestling)". Solie's Title Histories.
  63. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "United States Wrestling Association". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  64. ↑ Matt Benaka; Brian Westcott; Royal Duncan; Gary Will (2004). "United States Wrestling Association". Solie's Title Histories.
  65. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance". Solie's Title Histories.
  66. ↑ Roelfsema, Eric; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Mason-Dixon Wrestling (formerly Atlantic Coast Championship Wrestling)". Solie's Title Histories.
  67. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Global Wrestling Federation". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  68. ↑ Matt Roelfsema; Brian Westcott; Royal Duncan; Gary Will (2004). "Global Wrestling Federation". Solie's Title Histories.
  69. ↑ Eanes, Samuel; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Texas Wrestling Alliance". Solie's Title Histories.
  70. ↑ "Apw Promoter Roland Alexander Passes Away". PWInsider.com. November 6, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  71. 1 2 3 4 5 "SoCal Title Histories". Southern California Pro-Wrestling History. SoCalUncensored.com.
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  73. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Empire Wrestling Federation". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  74. ↑ Westcott, Brian (2004). "Pro Wrestling Guerrilla". Solie's Title Histories.
  75. ↑ Puroresu Dojo (2003). "Ultimate Pro Wrestling". Wrestling-Titles.com.
  76. ↑ Crane, David; Westcott, Brian (2004). "Ultimate Pro Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  77. ↑ "Wrestling Society X". Pro Wrestling History: The Independents. ProWrestlingHistory.com.
  78. ↑ Keith, Scott; Nemer, Paul; Michael, Luke (2002). "Independent Promotions – FAQ". Pro Wrestling FAQ. Wrestleview.com.
  79. ↑ Brian Westcott, Earl Oliver & Sam Falcitelli (2004). "Xtreme Pro Wrestling". Solie's Title Histories.
  80. ↑ "Ladies Professional Wrestling Association (LPWA); Inactive promotion in the Americas region". CAGEMATCH.net. CAGEMATCH: The Internet Wrestling Database. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  81. ↑ Tyler, James (July 31, 2015). "Legendary Wrestler and Portland resident 'Rowdy' Roddy Piper Dies at 61". That Oregon Life. That Oregon Life LLC. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
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  83. ↑ Evans, Gavin. "Where Are They Now? Your Favorite WWE Stars of the '80s; Roddy Piper". complex.com. Complex Media, Inc. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
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  86. ↑ Tanabe, Hisaharu (2006). "Ultra Championship Wrestling Zero". Solie's Title Histories.
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