50°20′42″N 4°11′28″W / 50.3451°N 4.1911°W / 50.3451; -4.1911

Maker Church and War Memorial

Maker (Cornish: Magor) is a village between Cawsand and Rame Head, Rame Peninsula, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The name means a ruin or old wall in Cornish, possibly because the church was built from the ruins of West Stonehouse in Cremyll.[1] This origin of the name is unlikely, as Maker is first referred to in 705AD,[2] which predates the construction of the church. Another supposition, is that the "old walls" are those of a (now lost) Roman-British villa.[3] However, another Celtic name is Egloshayle, (not to be confused with Egloshayle on the River Camel) which means, "the church on the estuary".[4]

The village and its neighbour Rame are in the civil parish of Maker with Rame and the parliamentary constituency of South East Cornwall. The parish had a population of 1,020 at the 2011 census.[5]

History

In the late 7th Century the West Saxons and native Britons had engaged in a series of battles near the River Parrett. Around this time Aldhelm wrote a letter to King Geraint of Dumnonia describing him as 'Lord of the Western Kingdom' suggesting that all of Devon and Cornwall still retained a single ruler. The letter is fairly confrontational in places, and its purpose is to encourage Geraint to get the Briton church to accept the Roman calculation of Easter and Tonsure. Bede notes that Aldhelm's efforts were successful and, in 705, King Geraint of Dumnonia gave the promontory on the Cornish side of the mouth of the River Tamar to Sherborne Abbey,[6] where Aldhelm was the Bishop.

The Normans installed the Valletorts as tenants of most of the land controlling the Tamar. From them, Maker passed by marriage to the Durnford family and then to the Edgcumbes.

Maker was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was 1 hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 3 ploughs, 4 serfs, 6 villeins, 8 smallholders, 60 acres (24 ha) of pasture. The value of the manor was £1 sterling though it had formerly been worth £1 10s.[7]

Parish church

St Mary's and St Julian's Church is a typical 15th century Cornish church. It was a time of rebuilding throughout the country and churches were designed for preaching the word rather than stressing the liturgy. The aisles are the same length as the nave, and there is a massive western tower. The font is Norman, but was originally at St Merryn.[8] The Edgcumbe chapel was added in 1874.[9]

Maker Redoubts

Redoubt Number 5 with stone revetments on the Maker Heights.

During the American War of Independence, it was thought that an attacking force could establish themselves on the ridge of high ground near Maker, which overlooked both Plymouth Sound and the Royal Dockyard at Devonport. In August 1779, a fleet of French and Spanish ships anchored off Cawsand Bay but withdrew soon afterwards; regular and militia troops camped on Maker Heights for the following three summers and constructed a line of five earthen redoubts or small forts along the ridge under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Dixon. During the French Revolutionary Wars, redoubts Number 4 and 5 were rebuilt with stone revetments and a sixth stone redoubt was built at Empacombe in 1807.[10] A supporting barracks was built for the redoubts between 1804 and 1808.[11] Some of the redoubts were reused in the second World War to protect buildings associated with a nearby heavy anti-aircraft battery for six guns, installed to protect Plymouth.[12]

Fort Picklecombe

Fort Picklecombe, near Maker, was commissioned by Lord Palmerston as one of a series of coastal defences against possible French invasion.[13] It has since been converted into residential apartments.[14]

Cornish wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, were held on the Green in Maker in the 1700s.[15]

Notable residents

References

  1. ↑ Hooe Lake Point and Earls Drive,www.southwestcoastpath.org.uk
  2. ↑ Geronitus Rex dedit Macuir de v hidis iuxta Thamar, Edwards, H (1988) The Charters of the Early West Saxon Kingdom, Oxford British Archaeological Reports, Page 245
  3. ↑ Letter in the Western Morning News, Dr W G Hoskins, (12 April 1962)
  4. ↑ Egloshayle, Cornwall Information and Accommodation Guide, www.intocornwall.com
  5. ↑ "Civil Parish population 2011". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Geronitus Rex dedit Macuir de v hidis iuxta Thamar, Edwards, H (1988) The Charters of the Early West Saxon Kingdom, Oxford British Archaeological Reports, Page 245
  7. ↑ Thorn, C. et al., ed. (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 5,2,14
  8. ↑ Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 152
  9. ↑ Church of St Mary and St Julian, historicengland.co.uk, GVI
  10. ↑ Woodward, F W (1990), Plymouth's Defences, F W Woodward, Ivybridge, pp. 13-14 ISBN 0-9516393-0-7
  11. ↑ "Maker Heights Barracks Block, Maker-with-Rame - Cornwall". historicengland.org.uk. Historic England. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  12. ↑ "Maker Heights Heavy Anti Aircraft Battery 1/09". www.derelictplaces.co.uk. 1 February 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Picklecombe Fort,www.castlesfortsbattles,co.uk
  14. ↑ "Top 15 unusual buildings for sale". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013.
  15. ↑ Tripp, Michael: PERSISTENCE OF DIFFERENCE: A HISTORY OF CORNISH WRESTLING, University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2009, Vol I p2-217.

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