Makiivka
Макіївка
Palce of Culture of Makiivka iron and steel works
Palce of Culture of Makiivka iron and steel works[2]
Flag of Makiivka
Flag
Coat of arms of Makiivka
Coat of arms
Makiivka is located in Donetsk Oblast
Makiivka
Makiivka
Location of Makiivka
Makiivka is located in Ukraine
Makiivka
Makiivka
Makiivka (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 48°03′20″N 37°57′40″E / 48.05556°N 37.96111°E / 48.05556; 37.96111
Country Ukraine
OblastDonetsk Oblast
RaionDonetsk Raion
HromadaMakiivka urban hromada
Approx. foundation1696
City rights1917[3]
Government
 • MayorYuri Pokintelitsa
Area
 • Total426 km2 (164 sq mi)
Elevation
169 m (554 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total338,968
 • Density800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Postal code
86100-86180
Area code+380 6232
WebsiteOfficial site of Makiivka

Makiivka (Ukrainian: Макіївка, IPA: [mɐˈkijiu̯kɐ]); Russian: Макеевка, romanized: Makeyevka, IPA: [mɐˈkʲe(j)ɪfkə]), formerly Dmytriivsk (Ukrainian: Дмитріївськ) until 1931, is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east from Donetsk. The two cities are practically a conurbation. It has a population of 338,968 (2022 estimate).[4] It hosts the administration of Makiivka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Makiivka is a leading metallurgical and coal-mining centre of the Donets Basin, with heavy industry and coking plants supporting the local steel and coal industries. The city was captured by pro-Russian separatists in 2014 at the start of the war in Donbas and is currently occupied by Russia.

Subdivisions and local government

Makiivka comprises a total of five raions (urban districts):

  • Hirnyk (Ukrainian: Гірницький район)[5][6][7] — 107,835 inhabitants
  • Kirov (Ukrainian: Кіровський район) — 52,768 inhabitants
  • Soviet (Ukrainian: Радянський район — 53,007 inhabitants
  • Center-City (Ukrainian: Центрально-Міський район) — 94,93 inhabitants
  • Red Guard (Ukrainian: Червоногвардійський район) — 81,042 inhabitants

Makiivka urban hromada includes also the following urban-type settlements:

  • Velyke Orikhove
  • Vysoke
  • Vuhliar
  • Hruzko-Zorynske
  • Hruzko-Lomivka
  • Huselske
  • Zemlianky
  • Kolosnykove
  • Chervonyi Zhovten
  • Khanzhonkovo
  • Khanzhonkovo-Pivnichnyi
  • Krynychna
  • Lisne
  • Maiak
  • Mezhove
  • Nyzhnya Krynka
  • Proletarske
  • Sverdlove
  • Yasynivka
  • Kalynovo-Skhidnyi
  • Buroz

The mayor of the city is Oleksandr Maltsev (Ukrainian: Мальцев Олександр Миколайович) who was born in Makiivka in 1956.

Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:[8]

Ethnicity
  • Russians: 50.8%
  • Ukrainians: 45%
  • Tatars: 1.1%
  • Georgians: 0.3%
  • Greeks: 0.3%

History

Ancient prior settlement

The rough area of the city has been inhabited for millennia.[9] Kurgans from the Bronze Age, Scythian civilization, and the 800s-1200s AD have been excavated in the surrounding area.[10]

Founding

The original village of Makiivka first appears in historical documents in 1777.[10] In 1875–1877, several minor mines were opened nearby.[10] In 1899, a metallurgical settlement was founded nearby called Dmitriyevsk (Dmytriyivsk), named after Dmitry Ilovaisky, son of count Ilovaysky - the landlord of the region. Makiivka was only a small village when it was combined with nearby Dmytriivsk. Dmytriivsk subsequently developed as one of the largest coal-mining and industrial centres of the Donets Basin coalfield. In 1931, Dmytriivsk was renamed Makiivka.[11]

Industrialization and the Soviet era

The city became increasingly industrialized throughout the 1930s, with its population rising from 79,000 in 1926 to 242,000 in 1939.[10] In 1939, the Jewish population of Makiivka was 8,000.

During World War II, the town was under German occupation from 22 October 1941 until 6 September 1943.[12] In the Operational Situation Report (USSR No. 177) of Nazi German Chief of the Security Police dated from March 6, 1942, it is stated that as a result of the measures carried out by Einsatzkommando 6, both the Horlivka and Makiivka districts had been made "free of Jews". Nazis and Ukrainian collaborators executed a total of 493 people here, among them 80 political agitators, 44 saboteurs and looters, and 369 Jews.

After the end of the war, Makiivka was rebuilt. By 1959, its population had reached 381,000.[10]

Ukrainian independence

In September 2006, the first synagogue was consecrated in Makiivka after almost 70 years. The house at 51 Lva Tolstogo street serves not only a synagogue, but also a community center for a Jewish community of Makiivka containing 2,000 members. The chief rabbi of Makiivka is Eliyahu Kremer. Makiivka Jewish community chairman is Alexander-Mikhoel Katz.

Early on 20 January 2011, two explosions took place in Makiivka, one near the coal plant, and the other near a shopping mall. There were no injuries or deaths, but a note was found near one of the blast sites, demanding €4,200,000 (equivalent to €4,731,821 in 2021) from well-known local people.[13] Security Service of Ukraine chief Valeriy Khoroshkovsky opened a criminal case on the blasts the same day, under the article on terrorism. Two suspects - Anton Voloshyn and Dmytro Onufrak - were detained on 15 February 2011. Voloshyn and Onufrak were later found guilty and sentenced to eight and fifteen years in prison, respectively.[13]

Russo-Ukrainian War

During the Russo-Ukrainian War the city town hall was taken over by pro-Russian separatists on 13 April 2014.[14] Since then, Makiivka has been controlled by the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic.[15]

On 1 January 2023, the Makiivka military quarters shelling occurred. It was reported by both Russian and Ukrainian sources that a Ukrainian strike on Russian military forces based at a vocational school in Makiivka resulted in significant casualties, particularly among conscripts.[16] First Deputy Minister of Information of the Donetsk People's Republic Daniil Bezsonov stated that the strike took place at exactly 00:01 Moscow Time and made use of the M142 HIMARS rocket system.[17] Russian officials claimed that at least 25 HIMARS rockets were fired at the school, resulting in at least 15 casualties.[18] Officials of the Donetsk People's Republic stated that the reason for the strike was the use of mobile phones by Russian serviceman at the school, which revealed their location to the Ukrainian military.[19][20] The Armed Forces of Ukraine announced on the same day that 400 Russian forces had been killed in the strike, with a further 300 wounded, resulting in 700 total casualties.[21] Igor Girkin, the former commander of separatist forces in the Donbas, said about the attack, "the number of dead and wounded runs into many hundreds".[18] This number was, however, also challenged by others; Russian presenter Vladimir Solovyov claimed that while casualties were high, they were not close to 400.[22][20] An unnamed source in Donetsk told Reuters that fewer than 100 people had died in the attack.[18]

Economy and transport

Industry

Yasynivka coke plant near Makiivka
Kirov Foundry, Makeevka on a 1947 stamp

There are many coal mines in and around the city. Makiivka's modern industries include one of the largest integrated iron and steel works in Ukraine. There are also other metalworking and coke-chemical plants and factories for pneumatic machinery, shoemaking, and food processing. The city is rather dispersed, with numerous residential communities surrounding individual industrial plants over an extensive area. It is gradually extending to form a single metropolitan area with the nearby city of Donetsk, which lies just a few miles to the southwest. Makiivka is home to the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

The largest enterprises in Makiivka are: State enterprise "Makeyevugol" - open joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Metallurgical Works" - open joint-stock company, "Yasinovsky Coke-chemical Plant", and the limited company "Makeyevcoke".

There are also many machine-building enterprises within the city, with the most significant being: open joint-stock company "Granit", open joint-stock company "Stroymash", and the closed joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Mine's Automatic Machinery plant".

Makiivka metallurgical plant

The Makiivka metallurgical plant produced 1.029 million tons of steel and 825,000 tons of pig iron in 2005. It increased production of rolled steel 1.56-fold to over 700,000 tons in the January–July period of 2006, compared with the corresponding period of last year. It aims to increase its sales revenues to ₴1.265 billion in 2006. The Nucor company (United States) intends to sign a contract with the Makiivka metallurgical plant on delivery of pig iron to the company's enterprises in the United States.

Transport

Makiivka is crossed by several railway lines: one is the Yasynuvata-Krynichna line (Russian: Ясиноватая-Криничная), and the other is the Mospyno-Makiivka freight line (Russian: Моспино — Макеевка грузовая). The city also contained a tram line (since 1925, but there are no tram routes now since 2006) and a trolleybus system (from 1969).

Trolley buses have 4 routes:

2
City center - Main railway station Makeyevka-Passazhirskaja (Makeyevka Passenger)
3
City center - Bazhanova settlement
4
City center - Daki
5
City center - Gornostayevskaya street.

There are plans to connect trolleybus networks of Donetsk and Makeyevka with direct intercity line to March 2013.

The city has a main passenger station Makiyivka-Pasazhirska, a railway junction Khanzhonkovo (situated in the settlement where Aleksandr Khanzhonkov was born), and minor railway stations: Krynichna, Monakhovo, Makeevka-Gruzovaya as well as a number of railway bays.

Culture

Religion

On the territory of Makiivka there are 22 churches, 73 religious organisations, and a women's monastery.

The city's inhabitants follow different religions, including:

Sport

Makiivka has 5 stadiums, 4 swimming pools, 90 sport gyms, 15 football fields, 5 children's sport schools, and 36 fitness rooms. There is also a sport school for physically disabled people.

Within the city, 35 different forms of sport are played, and there are a total of 35 sport organisations. There are also many campuses of the oblast's sport schools in Makiivka, including schools for: kickboxing, volleyball, heavy athletics, boxing, some other forms of wrestling, and judo.

Notable people

Vitaliy Khomutynnik, 2019

Sport

Yevhen Seleznyov, 2016

References

  1. Донецька обл mkip.gov.ua
  2. ↑ Донецька обл mkip.gov.ua
  3. ↑ "Юзовка. Статус города – из рук Временного правительства". 15 June 2012.
  4. ↑ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  5. ↑ "Donets Basin". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukrain. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  6. ↑ "Announcements of conducting procurement procedures" (PDF). Emnopiko & Biomhxaniko. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  7. ↑ Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015 Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20 Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) (in Ukrainian) In Kharkiv "dekomunizuvaly" has 48 streets and 5 regions, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 February 2015)(in Russian) In Kharkov was renamed three district, SQ (3 February 2015) (in Ukrainian) In Kharkov, decided not to rename October and Frunze district, Korrespondent.net (3 February 2015)(in Russian) In Kharkov,it was decided not to rename the Oktyabrsky and the Frunze district, Korrespondent.net (3 February 2015)
  8. ↑ Національний склад та рідна мова населення Донецької області. Розподіл постійного населення за найбільш численними національностями та рідною мовою по міськрадах та районах (in Ukrainian), archived from the original on 2012-02-07
  9. ↑ "Макіївка, Донецька область" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Makiivka". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  11. ↑ "Makiyivka". britannica.com.
  12. ↑ "Освобождение городов". www.soldat.ru.
  13. 1 2 Interfax-Ukraine (2011-12-30). "Appeals court upholds sentence for 'Makiyivka terrorists' - Dec. 30, 2011". Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  14. ↑ "The towns in east Ukraine seized by pro-Moscow separatists". 2 May 2014.
  15. ↑ "When hope is stronger than hardship: Bright ideas bring change to war-ravaged Ukraine". 8 September 2016.
  16. ↑ Vynohradova, Uliana (2023-01-01). "В оккупированной Макеевке заявили о разрушительном ударе по ПТУ с оккупантами: погибнуть могли до 600 человек" [In occupied Makiivka, they announced a devastating blow to the vocational school with invaders: up to 600 people could die]. Obozrevatel (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  17. ↑ "Удар HIMARS по мобилизованным в Макеевке? Что известно к этому часу" [HIMARS attack on the mobilized in Makiivka? What is known so far]. Tsargrad TV (in Russian). 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  18. 1 2 3 "Ukraine shells Donetsk's Makiivka, hitting military quarters -officials". Reuters. 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  19. ↑ "В ДНР назвали причину удара по Макеевке в новогоднюю ночь" [The DPR stated the reason for the strike on Makeevka on New Year's Eve]. TASS. 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  20. 1 2 "'Significant' Number of Russian Soldiers Killed in Ukrainian Missile Strike on Makiivka". The Moscow Times. 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  21. ↑ "Завдано удару по скупченню мобілізованих в Макіївці: знешкоджені близько 700 окупантів" [An attack was made on the gathering of mobilized in Makiivka: about 700 occupiers were neutralized]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (in Ukrainian). 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  22. ↑ "Ukraine claims hundreds of Russians killed by missile attack". BBC News. 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
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