| List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2008–2013) |
| List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2013–2018) |
| List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–2023) |
The following are the members of the Dewan Undangan Negeri or state assemblies, elected in the 2013 state election and by-elections. Also included is the list of the Sarawak state assembly members who were elected in 2016.[1]
The opposition coalition Pakatan Rakyat that contested the general elections in 2013 was dissolved after series of disagreements between two main parties, Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).[2] A new opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan was formed by the Democratic Action Party, People's Justice Party (PKR) and newly formed party National Trust Party (PAN), consisting of ex-PAS members.[3] Several ex-UMNO members have also formed their own party Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) and have signed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan to contest the future general election and ensure straight fights against Barisan Nasional.[4] On 20 March 2017 BERSATU officially became a member of Pakatan Harapan.[5]
Composition
Equal-area representation of state constituencies as elected in 2013
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Perlis
| No. | State constituency | Member | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| BN 13 | PAS 1 | PKR 1 | |||
| N01 | Titi Tinggi | Khaw Hock Kong | BN (MCA) |
| N02 | Beseri | Md Rawi Kassim | BN (UMNO) |
| N03 | Chuping | Asmaiza Ahmad | BN (UMNO) |
| N04 | Mata Ayer | Khairi Hasan | BN (UMNO) |
| N05 | Santan | Sabry Ahmad | BN (UMNO) |
| N06 | Bintong | Rela Ahmad | BN (UMNO) |
| N07 | Sena | Abdul Jamil Saad | BN (UMNO) |
| N08 | Indera Kayangan | Chan Ming Kai | PH (PKR) |
| N09 | Kuala Perlis | Mat Hassan | BN (UMNO) |
| N10 | Kayang | Ahmad Bakri Ali | BN (UMNO) |
| N11 | Pauh | Azlan Man | BN (UMNO) |
| N12 | Tambun Tulang | Ismail Kassim | BN (UMNO) |
| N13 | Guar Sanji | Jafperi Othman | BN (UMNO) |
| N14 | Simpang Empat | Nurulhisham Yaakob | BN (UMNO) |
| N15 | Sanglang | Mohd. Shukri Ramli | PAS |
Kedah
| 13th Kedah State Legislative Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
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| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Kedah State Legislative Assembly | ||||
| Jurisdiction | Kedah | ||||
| Meeting place | Wisma Darul Aman, Alor Setar | ||||
| Term | 23 June 2013 – 29 March 2018 | ||||
| Election | 2013 state election | ||||
| Government | Kedah State Executive Council | ||||
| Website | mmk | ||||
| Members | 36 | ||||
| Speaker | Md Rozai Shafian | ||||
| Deputy Speaker | Azmi Che Husain | ||||
| Menteri Besar | Mukhriz Mahathir (until 4 February 2016) Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah | ||||
| Opposition Leader | Azizan Abdul Razak (until 23 June 2013) Amiruddin Hamzah | ||||
| Party control | Barisan Nasional | ||||
| Sovereign | |||||
| Sultan | Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (until 11 September 2017) Sultan Sallehuddin | ||||
Elected members
Seating arrangement
| Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | N31 Kupang | N27 Pantai Merdeka | N24 Jeneri | |
| Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | N09 Bukit Lada | N35 Kulim | N02 Kuah | N08 Pedu | |
| N11 Derga | N20 Sungai Limau | N28 Bakar Arang | N36 Bandar Baharu (EXCO Member) | N06 Jitra (EXCO Member) | N05 Bukit Kayu Hitam | |||
| N14 Alor Mengkudu | C | B | N23 Belantek (EXCO Member) | |||||
| N13 Kota Darul Aman | N10 Bukit Pinang | D | Sergeant-at-Arm | A | N01 Ayer Hangat (EXCO Member) | N30 Bayu (Deputy Speaker) | ||
| N25 Bukit Selambau | N32 Kuala Ketil | N07 Kuala Nerang (EXCO Member) | N03 Kota Siputeh | |||||
| N34 Lunas | N16 Kubang Rotan | the Mace | N26 Tanjong Dawai (EXCO Member) | N22 Gurun (EXCO Member) | ||||
| N24 Sidam | N33 Merbau Pulas | N19 Sungai Tiang (EXCO Member) | State Financial Officer | |||||
| N04 Ayer Hitam | N18 Tokai | N21 Guar Chempedak (EXCO Member) | State Legal Advisor | |||||
| N17 Pengkalan Kundor | N15 Anak Bukit (Opposition Leader) | Secretary | N12 Bakar Bata (Menteri Besar) | State Secretary | ||||
| Speaker | ||||||||
| Sultan |
Kelantan
Terengganu
Penang
Perak
Pahang
Selangor
Negeri Sembilan
Malacca
Johor
Sabah
Sarawak
2016–2021
Following the state election that was held on 7 May 2016, Barisan Nasional was able to form the next state government with a majority of 72 seats out of 82.[42] There were several candidates from breakaway parties such as TERAS and UPP that had their members contest seats under the Barisan banner as direct election candidates under a deal by Adenan Satem after their parties were prevented from joining Barisan after opposition from parties such as PDP and SUPP.[43] On 12 June 2018, all Sarawak-based BN parties including Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB), Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS), Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) and Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP) officially left Barisan Nasional forming a new coalition Sarawak Parties Alliance due to Barisan Nasional's defeat in general elections on 9 May 2018.[44]
Notes
- ↑ Mukhriz Mahathir was elected as a BN state assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, was sacked from his UMNO membership on 24 June 2016 and later joined newly formed PPBM.
- ↑ Amiruddin Hamzah was elected as a PAS assemblyman in a general elections, quit his PAS membership and joined PPBM.
- ↑ Phahrolrazi Zawawi was elected as a PAS assemblyman in a general elections, quit his PAS membership and joined PAN.
- ↑ Mohd Azam Samat was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman on 4 November 2013 in a by-election following the death of assemblyman Azizan Abdul Razak, former Kedah Menteri Besar
- ↑ Mat Razi Mat Ail was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman on 25 September 2014 in a by-election following the death of assemblyman Noor Zahidi Omar.
- ↑ Ahmad Fathan Mahmood was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman on 22 March 2015 in a by-election following the death of assemblyman Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, former Kelantan Menteri Besar.
- ↑ Husam Musa was elected as a PAS assemblyman in the general election and was sacked from the party on 23 April 2016 and became an independent. He later joined PAN on 30 August 2016.
- ↑ Mat Yusoff Abd Ghani was elected as a Barisan Nasional MP in the general elections in 2013, was voted out by the Kelantan assembly on 11 July 2017 and his seat declared vacant.
- ↑ Tengku Zaihan Che Ku Abd Rahman was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman on 24 July 2013 in a by-election following the death of assemblyman A. Rahman Mokhtar.
- ↑ Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin was elected as a PAS assemblyman in a general elections, quit his PAS membership and joined PAN.
- ↑ Mohd Shohaimi Jusoh was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, passed away on 31 December 2017, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Syed Hamid Syed Mohamed was elected as a PAS assemblyman in a general elections, quit his PAS membership and joined PAN.
- ↑ Kamarol Zaki Abdul Malik was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, died from cancer on 17 January 2017, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Saari Sungib was elected as a PAS assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, quit and joined PAN.
- ↑ Wan Azizah Wan Ismail was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman on 23 March 2014 in a by-election following the resignation of assemblyman Lee Chin Cheh.
- ↑ Mohd Khairuddin Othman was elected as a PAS assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, quit the party on 31 December 2017 and joined PKR a day later.
- ↑ Abdul Khalid Ibrahim was elected as a PR assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, sacked from his PKR membership on 9 August 2014.
- ↑ Loh Chee Heng was elected as a PR assemblymen in the general elections in 2013, and was sacked from his DAP membership on 14 May 2016.
- ↑ Hasnul Baharuddin was elected as a PAS MP in the general elections in 2013, quit and joined PAN.
- ↑ Ishak Ismail was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, died from cancer on 19 July 2017, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Lim Jak Wong was elected as a PR assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, was quit his DAP membership on 12 February 2017 and became an independent.
- ↑ Chin Choong Seong was elected as a PR assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, was quit his DAP membership on 12 February 2017 and became an independent.
- ↑ Goh Leong San was elected as a PR assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, was suspended from his DAP membership on 9 February 2016 and became an independent.
- ↑ Shahruddin Md Salleh was elected as a BN state assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, resigned his UMNO membership on 6 October 2016 and later joined newly formed PPBM.
- ↑ Aminolhuda Hassan was elected as a PAS assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, quit his membership and joined PAN.
- ↑ Jelani Dasanap was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from PKR and became an independent.
- ↑ Jeremmy Ukoh Malajad was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from PKR and became an independent.
- ↑ Wilfred Mojilip Bumburing was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 on a PKR ticket and later left to join PCS.
- ↑ Wong Hong Jun was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from DAP and became an independent, after which he joined a new Sabah based party, Sabah Heritage Party.
- ↑ Hiew King Cheu was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from DAP, becoming and independent and then joined Barisan Nasional.
- ↑ Edwin Bosi was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from DAP and became an independent.
- ↑ Terrence Siambun was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from PKR and became an independent, after which he joined a new Sabah based party, Sabah Heritage Party.
- ↑ Lajim Ukin was elected as a Pakatan Rakyat assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from PKR, became an independent then founded a new party Sabah People's Hope Party.
- ↑ Siringan Gubat was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, died from a heart attack on 20 March 2018, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Mohd Suhaili Said was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, died from cancer on 24 March 2017, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Jaujan Sambakong was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013 resigned from United Malays National Organisation and became an independent, after which he joined a new Sabah based party, Sabah Heritage Party.
- ↑ Tawfiq Abu Bakar Titingan was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman in the general elections in 2013, died from cancer on 14 March 2018, but his death did not necessitate a by-election.
- ↑ Ranum Anak Mina contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, rejoin his previous party PSB on 11 August 2016.
- ↑ Jamilah Anu was elected as a Barisan Nasional assemblyman on 18 February 2017 in a byelection following the death of assemblymen and Chief Minister Adenan Satem.
- ↑ Wong King Wei contested the general election as a Pakatan Harapan DAP candidate, resigned from the party on July 27, 2020 and became and independent.
- ↑ See Chee How contested the general election as a Pakatan Harapan (PKR) candidate, was sacked of his party membership on 14 April 2020, becoming an independent and later joining Sarawak United Party on 29 May 2020.
- ↑ Miro Simuh contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, joining PBB on 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Jerip Susil contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, rejoin his previous party PSB on 13 August 2016. However, he officially left PSB on 11 July 2019, and became an independent assemblyman pledging his full support to the state Chief Minister, while retaining his position in the state cabinet as an Assistant Minister. Over quarter years later, he unanimously joins PBB on 24 October 2019.
- ↑ John Ilus contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, joining PBB on 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Johnical Rayong Ngipa contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, rejoin his previous party PSB on 12 August 2016.
- ↑ Ali Biju contested the general election as a Pakatan Harapan (PKR) candidate, quit his party membership on 24 February 2020. He later officially joined BERSATU on 11 March 2020
- ↑ William Mawan Ikom contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, revealing on March 19, 2018 that he had joined PBB.
- ↑ Tiong Thai King contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, rejoin his previous party PSB after the election.
- ↑ Wong Soon Koh contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, rejoin his previous party PSB after the election.
- ↑ Its previous holder, James Jemut Masing from GPS (PRS), died in office in 31 October 2021. As he died close to Sarawak state election for 19th Assembly, a by-election was not expected to be held to fill the vacancy.
- ↑ Rosey Yunus contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, joining PBB on 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Ting Tiong Choon who contested the state election as a DAP, PH candidate, was disqualified as an assemblyman by the Sarawak State Assembly due to his holding of dual Australian and Malaysian citizenship. A Federal Court upheld the ruling on 11 February 2020 after Ting tried to appeal the ruling. The Sarawak State assembly stated a by-election wasn't necessary as the date fell within two years of the dissolution of the state assembly in June 2021.
- ↑ Its previous holder, James Jemut Masing from GPS (PRS), died in office in 31 October 2021. As he died close to next state election, a by-election will not be held to fill the vacancy.
- ↑ Paulus Gumbang contested the state election as a direct Barisan Nasional candidate, joining PBB on 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Baru Bian contested the general election as a Pakatan Harapan (PKR) candidate, quit his party membership on 24 February 2020, becoming an independent and later joining the Sarawak United Party on 29 May 2020.
References
- ↑ "Sistem Pengurusan Maklumat Pilihan Raya Umum". Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ "Dissolution of Pakatan Rakyat not the end but a new beginning, says Lim Kit Siang". The Rakyat Post. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ "Malaysia's opposition band together under new Pakatan Harapan alliance". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ "PPBM signs MoU with Pakatan Harapan to ensure straight a fight with BN". The Sun Daily. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ↑ "PPBM is now Pakatan Harapan's 4th member". Free Malaysia Today. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- ↑ Free Malaysia Today (24 June 2016). "Muhyiddin, Mukhriz sacked from Umno". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ↑ Malay Mail (15 September 2016). "Pribumi claims 9,000 forms sent out, Dr M is first member". The Malay Mail Online. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ↑ "Kedah PAS assemblyman joins PPBM". Free Malaysia Today. 26 November 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ↑ "Phahrolrazi joins Amanah". Free Malaysia Today. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ Muzliza Mustafa (4 November 2013). "Barisan Nasional fails to win Sungai Limau, PAS majority reduced". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ FMT Reporters (25 September 2014). "BN wins big in Pengkalan Kubor". FreeMalaysiaToday. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ↑ Bernama (22 March 2015). "Turnout at Chempaka by-election estimated at 55%". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ Asyraf Muhammad (6 May 2016). "Pas pecat Husam Musa". Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ↑ "Husam joins Amanah, says PAS is sailing to nowhere". Malaysiakini. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ↑ "Mat Yusoff loses Nenggiri seat". The Star Online. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ Joseph Kaos; Rashvinjeet S. Bedi (24 July 2013). "Kuala Besut by-election: BN retains seat with increased majority". The Star Online. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ "Parti Amanah Negara the official name of Gerakan Harapan Baru — Mat Sabu". Borneo Post. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ "Najib, Zahid express condolences to family of Lepar rep". Free Malaysia Today. 31 December 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Pahang state assembly rep quits PAS, joins Amanah". Malaysiakini.com. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ "ADUN Sungai Air Tawar meninggal dunia". Berita Harian. 17 January 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- 1 2 the MalayMail (23 July 2015). "three-selangor-pas-lawmakers-board-harapan-baru-seeking-greener-pastures". the MalayMail. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ↑ "Kajang by-election: PKR retains seat". The Star Online. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ Zafira Anwar; Adrian Lai (9 August 2014). "Khalid sacked from PKR". The New Straits Times Online. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
- ↑ "DAP sacks assemblyman for misuse of public funds". Free Malaysia Today. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
- ↑ "Adun Lenggeng Dari BN meninggal dunia". Free Malaysia Today. 19 July 2017. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Kota Melaka MP, three assemblymen quit DAP". The Star Online. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ↑ "DAP suspends its Kota Melaka MP and Duyong rep". Malaysiakini.com. 6 February 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- ↑ Malaysiakini (6 September 2016). "Former Johor Umno rep is Bersatu sec-gen". Malaysiakini.com. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- ↑ "Johor PAS office bearers to resign by Wednesday". The Rakyat Post. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ Sandra Sokial (10 January 2014). "Matunggong rep Jelani to form new party". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ Eileen Ng (4 November 2013). "Sabah PKR assemblyman quits, dealing another blow to state opposition". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ↑ Chok Sim Yee (20 June 2016). "Parti Cinta Sabah to establish 26 divisions in Sabah". Borneo Post Online. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- 1 2 3 Muguntan Vanar (2 October 2016). "Triple blow for Sabah Pakatan, state PKR chief quits party". The Star Online. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- 1 2 "Shafie's party to be called Warisan Sabah". Malay Mail Online. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑ Muguntan Vanar (18 August 2015). "Ex-Sabah DAP chief is now MCA life member". The Rakyat Post. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ↑ "Kadazandusun Bosi's resignation halts chances to make inroads in Sabah". The Star Online. 31 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ↑ "Parti Harapan Rakyat Sabah is Lajim's new party". Malaysiakini. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- ↑ "Sabahans mourn the passing of Siringan". Borneo Post. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ "No by-election in Sabah after Tungku rep's death". Malay Mail Online. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
- ↑ "Wakil rakyat BN Sabah keluar Umno bantah gantung Shafie". Malaysiakini. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ↑ "Apas assemblyman dies age 56 from cancer". Malay Mail Online. 15 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ "Blue wave sweeps across Sarawak". MalaysiaKini. 7 May 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- ↑ Yu Ji (29 April 2016). "Proxy fights in limelight". Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- ↑ "Sarawak parties exit Malaysia's BN, leaving former ruling coalition in tatters". The Straits Times. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 Lian Cheng (16 August 2016). "UPP ready to soar to greater heights". Borneo Post. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Richard T.W. (18 February 2017). "Landslide win for BN in Tanjung Datu by-election". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ↑ "Padungan rep Wong King Wei announces resignation from DAP". Borneo Post. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ↑ Sulok Tawie (14 April 2020). "PKR confirms Batu Lintang assemblyman, Betong branch chairman sacked from party". Malay Mail Online. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- 1 2 Sulok Tawie (29 May 2020). "Two ex-Sarawak PKR lawmakers Baru Bian and See Chee How now PSB members, says party president". Malay Mail Online. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Richard T.W. (16 August 2016). "PBB now controls 45 of 82 Sarawak state seats". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ↑ Peter Sibon & Karen Bong (24 October 2019). "Dr Jerip joins PBB". Dayak Daily. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- 1 2 "Azmin, 10 MPs to join PPBM amid signs of about-turn by PKR over support for Dr M". Free Malaysia Today. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ↑ "Ali Biju, Mongin officially accepted in Bersatu". New Sarawak Tribune. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ↑ Sulok Tawie (19 March 2018). "Ex-Sarawak minister reveals PBB membership, hopes to contest GE14". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- 1 2 "Mawan in a Catch-22 situation". The Borneo Post. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ↑ "Sarawak Deputy CM James Masing passes away". The Star. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ↑ Sharon Ling (11 February 2020). "There will be no Pujut by-election, says Sarawak Speaker". TheStar Online. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ "Federal Court disqualifies DAP's Ting as Pujut rep". TheStar Online. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ↑ "Baru Bian feels vindicated after U-turn by those calling for Dr M's resignation". TheStar Online. 25 February 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ↑ "Baru Bian clarifies he has not joined Bersatu, is an Independent MP". Malay Mail Online. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
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