22°41′33″N 75°51′23″E / 22.69250°N 75.85639°E / 22.69250; 75.85639 Manik Bagh, also spelled Manig Bagh, is a palace of the Holkar Maharaja of Indore State in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The name means "Ruby Garden" or "Gem Garden".[1] It was designed and built by the German architect Eckart Muthesius on behalf of Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II in 1930. On the outside and the inside it was in the Bauhaus and Art Deco style, making it a Gesamtkunstwerk.[2][3][4]

History

Furniture pieces from Manik Bagh, designed by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann in 1932, in an exhibition at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
H.H. The Maharajah of Indore portrait by Bernard Boutet de Monvel, painted in 1929[5]

The palace was commissioned by Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II for the use of himself and his wife Sanyogita Devi. It was built and furnished between 1930 and 1939 by the German architect Eckart Muthesius, and its design combines the Bauhaus style in architecture and Art Deco in the interior decoration.[4][6] The prince and the architect had first met in 1928 in England.[7]

The 40 rooms of the U-shaped building were all connected directly or through terraces. For the 80 or so servants in the house a separate external corridor was created. Because the walls could neither be wallpapered nor covered with silk due to the high humidity of the rainy months, Muthesius decided to come up with a solution by having the finest glass dust blown on the previously prepared walls. The floor was laid out in marble.[8]

The furniture, which was predominantly shaped according to the Bauhaus model, was made of black ebony, as were most of the columns.[8] Muthesius designed for example the bar, lamps and some furniture.[7][9] The furniture was partly dismantled in Berlin, packed and shipped to Indore.[10] A friend of the maharaja, Henri-Pierre Roché brought together for him a crystal service by Baccarat, silverware by Jean Puiforcat customised with the royal arms, a deckchair by Eileen Gray, a floor lamp by Jean Perzel, a chaiselongue by Le Corbusier and screens by Drian.[11] The aluminium beds were made by Louis Sognot and Charlotte Alix.[12] Famous French designer Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann designed a "Studio for a Crown Prince of the Indies" with a huge map of India on the wall.[6][8] The black and orange carpets with geometric patterns were by Ivan da Silva-Bruhns.[13][14]

Two large double-portraits of the maharajah and his wife were done by Bernard Boutet de Monvel in 1929 and were placed in the palace.[4][5]

In the garden, there was a project to create a garden with a "temple of meditation", with an installation of the bird sculptures by Brancusi that the maharaja owned.[11] With the premature death of the maharani the project was never completed.[15]

Muthesius had to leave India after the outbreak of the World War II.[10] After the premature death of his wife Sanyogita Devi, the maharajah started to retreat from his interest in contemporary art and architecture and returned less to Manik Bagh.[16][17] The interior decoration was sold and in 1980 auctioned at Sotheby's in Monaco.[18] Manik Bagh is now used by the Office of the Commissioner, CGST, Customs & Central Excise.[10]

The Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris had an exhibition in 2019 called "Moderne Maharajah" dedicated to Yashwant Rao Holkar II and Manik Bagh, featuring some of the interior pieces such as the aluminium bed by Louis Sognot and Charlotte Alix, as well as pieces by Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann.[6][12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Manik Bagh Palace, Indore, the former home of Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar Bahadur, now the Office of the Commissioner, Customs & Central Excise, Madhya Pradesh". Museum Folkwang. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Der Maharadjah als Mäzen der Moderne" [The Maharadjah as patron of modernity]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  3. ↑ "Maßarbeit für den Maharadjah" [Custom made for the Maharadjah]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 Ahlawat, Deepika (2016). "Yeshwant Rao Holkar II and the Palace of Ideas". Modern Masters. Phillips. (available on Issuu)
  5. 1 2 Mekaad, Dalil (8 April 2016). "1934 potrait of Holkar king sold for record Rs18.94 crore". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 "Moderne Maharajah. Un mécène des années 1930". MAD Paris – Site officiel (in French). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  7. 1 2 Soulard, Louis (26 September 2019). "Two Modernist Masterpieces for the Maharaja of Indore". Sotheby's. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 "Indische Visionen". Der Spiegel (in German). 20 March 1989.
  9. ↑ "Eckart Muthesius, 1900–1989: Bar et deux tabourets, 1930". Sotheby's (in French). Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 "About Manik Bagh Branch". CGST, Central Excise & Customs, Indore Commissionerate. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  11. 1 2 Groppo, Pierre; France, Condé Nast Digital (9 October 2019). "À la recherche du maharaja perdu" [In search of the lost maharaja]. Vanity Fair (in French).
  12. 1 2 "Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris celebrates the fascinating life of Maharaja Yeshwantrao Holkar II". Architectural Digest India. 14 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "The Manik Bagh Carpet: A Fusion of Craft and Machine for a Modern Maharaja". Phillips.
  14. ↑ "Ivan da Silva Bruhns: Rug, circa 1930". Sotheby's. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  15. ↑ Gaillemin, Jean-Louis (19 November 2019). "The discreet charm of the Maharajah". La Gazette Drouot. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  16. ↑ Owens, Mitchell. "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Art Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.
  17. ↑ "Photos: Paris gets a glimpse of the life of Indore's Modernist Maharaja". Hindustan Times. 27 September 2019.
  18. ↑ "Eckart Muthesius: Pair of stools, circa 1930". Sotheby's. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

Literature

  • Reto Niggl: Eckart Muthesius 1930. Der Palast des Maharadschas von Indore. Architektur und Interieur. Arnoldsche, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-925369-55-4
  • Reto Niggl, Annette Piening, Nicholas Grindell: Indien / India 1930–1939. Architektur / Architecture, Design, Photography / Fotografie. Munich 1999, ISBN 3-00-003905-8
  • Anna Jackson (ed.): Maharaja. Pracht der indischen Fürstenhöfe. (Exhibition catalogue, Kunsthalle Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, 12. February bis 24. May 2010) Hirmer, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-7774-2441-5
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