Mareexaan
مريحان
Languages
Somali
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Majeerten, Lelkase, Warsangeli, Dhulbahante, and other Darod groups.

The Marehan (Somali: Mareexaan, Arabic: مريحان) is a Somali clan, which is part of one of the largest Somali clan families, the Darod.[1][2][3] The clan is one of the largest constituent sub-clans of the Darod. Marehan clan mostly reside in [Gedo] Jubaland state in southern Somalia, as well as the Galguduud and Mudug regions in central Somalia, the ogaden state|Somali region]] of Ethiopia. They primarily dominate the Gedo region and neighbor Ethiopia at the border, the clan also has a huge presence in Beled hawo. A large contingent of the tribe live in Dolow.

Etymology

The name Marehan is derived from the Harari word maraxa, which means to "take booty, capture, captivate (figuratively)".[4]

Overview

One of the earliest mentions of this Somali clan may be by the Jesuit Jerónimo Lobo, who attempted to enter Ethiopia by way of the Jubba River in 1624. He learned of an ethnic group known as the Maracatos, whom C.F. Beckingham identifies as the Marehan, and whom Lobo located in the approximate location of the Somali clan.[5]

Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Marehan were reported to have lived in an area that extended from the Bandar Siyada on the Gulf of Aden to beyond Ras el-Khail on the Indian Ocean, or much of northern Somalia.[6] The clan are recorded as having played a significant role in Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi's campaigns against Ethiopia during the 16th century. The commander of the Somali forces and the closest deputy of the Imam was a Marehan commander, Garad Ahmed bin Hirabu. The Marehan along with the Habar Makadi/Makadur of the Gadabuursi;[7][8][9] helped push westward the enemies into the plains of Harar and farther, helping destabilize the highland Christian empire. Evident in these battles were the Somali archers, namely the Marehan and the Gerri archers, through whom al-Ghazi was able to defeat the numerically superior Ethiopian Army that consisted of 16,000 cavalry and more than 200,000 infantry.[10]

Marehan had multiple powerful important leaders within the Adal such as Garaad Hiraabu, one of the leaders of the 3 major armies during the conquest of Abyssinia. He was the son of Goyta Ali (Tedros, a title given by the local Harla) which is the highest role in the sultanate, third only to Emir and Sultan. Hirabu successfully captured the provinces of Bale and Tigray.[11]

Another major ruler was Emir Nur ibn Mujahid who was the second conqueror of Ethiopia. He successfully defeated the forces of Geldewos and killed him in the battle of Fatagar. He also built the walls of Harar spanning a whooping 3.9 kms to protect the city from the hordes of Oromo invaders. His son aided Sultan Talha, the son of Wazir Abbas in his war against the grand sons of Uthman the Abyssinian and his sub clan would go on to rule the Emirate of Harar.

The Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi is also from the Marehan clan as stated by numerous French and Egyptian writers. His descendants today in Amhara claim to be from the Marehan clan and the Harrala sub clan of the Afar people who have the descendants of the Imam claim to be from the Darod lineage. His nephew Emir Nur Ibn Mujahid also married his wife, and in Somali and all eastern cultures the Dumaal or widow, may only marry from the clan or lineage of the deceased husband. The Imam was also born in the kingdom of Mora (historical region), a territory predominately inhabited by the Sade clan. His close cousin Garad Hiraabu also saved him from a coup by their rival Sultan Abūbakar Maḥamed. Emir Hirabu pretended to leave for the war, however he returned back to eliminate him and install his brother ʿUmarDīn Maḥamed as a puppet. This context was taken out of the later futah purposefully.

As early as 1650, the Marehan were reported to have lived in Jubaland.

Groups

The Juba Valley Alliance is a political faction of the Somali Civil War.[12]

The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the ruling party of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1976 to 1991.[13][14][15][16]

The Somali National Front (SNF) was also a revolutionary movement and armed militia in Somalia After Somali Democratic Republic were clapsed.[17]

Clan tree

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[18][19]

In the Marehan clan-family, component clans are divided into two uterine divisions Marehan In Jubaland, Galgaduud and Mudug Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[20] In the World Bank shows the following Marehan clan tree.

  • Awsame
  • Owrmidig
  • Habar ciise
  • Baalyeri
    • Hodonbari
  • Hodonbari
    • Gaalshireedle
    • Gashashoor
  • Gaalshireedle
    • Xasan Gaalshireedle
    • isaaq Gaalshireedle
  • Amaanreer
    • Maxamed Amaanreer (Wagardhac)
    • Cali Amaanreer (Hawraarsame)
    • Talxe Amaanreer (Talxe)
    • Ridamiir Amaanreer
  • Ridaamiir
    • WarWaa'Jecle
  • WarWaa'Jecle
    • Yacquub WarWaa'Jecle (Fiqi Yacquub)

Fiqi-Yacqub has the following Sub-Clan. 1. Rer Gadid 2. Rer Abdi Ali 3. rer Ugas Jiir(Ugasyada Fiqi-Yacqub) 4. Ahmed Farah 5.Rer ilbir 6. rer Cabsiya. 7.Rer Gedi. 8.Rer Jilal 9.Rer Roble

    • Ciise WarWaa'Jecle (Habar Ciise)
  • Xuseen WarWaa'Jecle
  • Cali Xuseen (Celi)
  • Muuse Xuseen
    • Abaadir Muuse
    • Maamasame Muuse
  • Abaadir Muuse
    • Daa'uud Abadir
    • Soonfure Abaadir (Soonfure)
  • Daa'uud
    • Boqor Maxamed Daa'uud
  • Boqor Maxamed Daa'uud
    • Cali Maxamed (Cali Dheere)
    • Cismaan Maxamed (Reer Cismaan)
    • Yuusuf Maxamed (Reer Yuusuf)
    • Axmed Maxamed
  • Axmed Maxamed
    • Ciis
    • Omar
  • Ciis
    • Mataan
  • Mataan
    • Reer Garaad
    • Hiraabe Mataan
    • Yuusuf Mataan
  • Yuusuf mataan
    • Nuur Yuusuf (Imam Nuur ibn Mujaahid) Ina Nur
    • Xuseen Yuusuf
  • Xuseen Yuusuf
    • Bah Gareen
      • Siyaad Xuseen ( Reer Siyaad Xuseen )
      • Yabar Xuseen
      • Khalaf Xuseen
    • Bah Ismaacil
      • Axmed Xuseen ( Reer Axmed )
      • Cali Xuseen
  • Reer Siyaad Xuseen
    • Reer Rooble Siyaad
    • Reer Nuur Siyaad
    • Reer Buraale
    • Reer Saanyar
    • Reer Faarax Siyaad
    • Reer Tuur
    • Reer Jimca Doon
    • Reer Liiban Dalal
    • Reer Cadaan
    • Reer Qeyr
    • Reer Odowaa
  • Khalaf Xuseen
    • Samatar Khalaf
    • Ugaas Sharmaarke Khalaf
  • Ugaas Sharmaarke
    • Bah Dir
    • Bah Abasguul
    • Ugaas Guuleed
  • Ugaas Guuleed
    • Baho Guuleed
    • Faarax Ugaas
  • Faarax Ugaas
    • Guleed Faarax
    • Xersi Faarax
    • Samantar Faarax
    • Rooble Faarax
    • Ugaas Diini Faarax (Reer Diini)
  • Ugaas Diini
    • Bah Ogaaden
      • Reer Dalal
      • Reer Xirsi
      • Reer Maxmuud Guuled
    • Bah Dhulbahante
      • Reer Allamagan Diini
      • Reer Qaliif Diini ( Qaliif Gawracane )
    • Bah Xawaadle
      • Reer Ugaas Sharmake
      • Reer Siyaad
      • Reer Warsame
    • Bah Daraandole
      • Reer Kooshin
      • Reer Nuur
      • Reer Warfaa Diini
      • Reer Shirwac Diini
      • Reer Maxmuud Diini
      • Reer Faarax Diini[21]

Notable people

Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo, 9th President of Somalia.
Mohamed Siad Barre, Former President of Somalia.

References

  1. ↑ "Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  2. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. James Currey Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9780852552803. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). "Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. doi:10.2307/1157617. JSTOR 1157617. S2CID 143243256. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  4. ↑ Leslau, Wolf. Etymological Dictionary of Harari (PDF). University of California Publications Near Middle Eastern Studies.
  5. ↑ Jerónimo Lobo, The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo, translated by Donald M. Lockhart (London: Hakluyt Society, 1984), pp. 59,66
  6. ↑ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 12 by James Hastings, ISBN 0-7661-3687-6, pp. 490
  7. ↑ Pankhurst, Richard (1961-01-01). An introduction to the economic history of Ethiopia, from early times to 1800. Lalibela House. p. 175.
  8. ↑ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (2003-01-01). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. Probably the Habar Makadur , as a footnote [I.M. Lewis]. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 27. ISBN 9780972317269.
  9. ↑ Lewis, I.M. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1569021040. There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).
  10. ↑ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800
  11. ↑ S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA
  12. ↑ "Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA)". The New Humanitarian (in French). 2002-10-22. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  13. ↑ Sheik-Abdi, Abdi (1981). "Ideology and Leadership in Somalia". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19 (1): 163–172. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054161. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160610. S2CID 154797130.
  14. ↑ ""Nationalism Turned Inside Out"". MERIP. 1982-06-15. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  15. ↑ "Mohamed Siad Barre (1910-1995) •". 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  16. ↑ "Mohamed Siad Barre | president of Somalia | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  17. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Somalia: Information on the Somali National Front (SNF) since 1994". Refworld. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  18. ↑ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1
  19. ↑ Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, p. 43
  20. ↑ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2
  21. ↑ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.57 Figure A-3
  22. ↑ "Home". Nabad & Nolol. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  23. ↑ "A Surprise Visit by Ambassador Extraordinaire Fatima Bihi". WardheerNews. 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  24. ↑ "Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail (Fartaag)". Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  25. ↑ "Ahmed Sheikh Ali's biography, net worth, fact, career, awards and life story - ZGR.net". www.zgr.net. Retrieved 2023-01-11.

Sources

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