The Reverend
Margaret Court
AC MBE
Court in 2018
Country (sports) Australia
ResidencePerth, Australia
Born (1942-07-16) 16 July 1942
Albury, Australia
Height5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Turned pro1960
Retired1977
PlaysRight-handed (one-handed backhand)
Int. Tennis HoF1979 (member page)
Singles
Career titles192 (92 during the Open Era)
Highest rankingNo. 1 (1962)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian OpenW (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973)
French OpenW (1962, 1964, 1969, 1970, 1973)
WimbledonW (1963, 1965, 1970)
US OpenW (1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1973)
Doubles
Highest rankingNo. 1 (1963)
Grand Slam doubles results
Australian OpenW (1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973)
French OpenW (1964, 1965, 1966, 1973)
WimbledonW (1964, 1969)
US OpenW (1963, 1968, 1970, 1973, 1975)
Other doubles tournaments
Tour FinalsW (1973, 1975)
Mixed doubles
Career titles21 (7 during the open era)
Grand Slam mixed doubles results
Australian OpenW (1963, 1964, 1965, 1969)
French OpenW (1963, 1964, 1965, 1969)
WimbledonW (1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1975)
US OpenW (1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1972)
Team competitions
Fed CupW (1964, 1965, 1968, 1971)

Margaret Court AC MBE (née Smith; born 16 July 1942), also known as Margaret Smith Court, is an Australian former world No. 1 tennis player and a Christian minister. Considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time, her 24 women's singles major titles and total of 64 major titles (including 19 major women's doubles and 21 major mixed doubles titles) are the most in women's tennis history.

Court was born in Albury, New South Wales. In 1960, aged 17, she won the first of seven consecutive Australian Open singles titles. She completed the career Grand Slam in singles aged 21 with her victory at Wimbledon in 1963. Taking a brief hiatus in 1966 and 1967, Court played as an amateur until the advent of the Open Era in 1968. She completed the Grand Slam by winning all four major singles titles in 1970, part of a record six consecutive major singles victories. Court gave birth to her first child in 1972, but returned to tennis later in the year and won three major singles titles in 1973. She took similar breaks after her second and third children were born, retiring from the game in 1977.

Court's all-surface (hard, clay, grass and carpet) singles career-winning percentage of 91.69 is the third best of all time.[1][2] Her Open-Era singles career winning percentage of 91.02% (608–60) is unequalled, as is her Open-Era winning percentage of 91.67% (11–1) in major singles finals.[3] Her win–loss performance in all major singles tournaments was 90.00% (207–23). She was 95.24% (60–3) at the Australian Open, 89.80% (44–5) at the French Open, 85.00% (51–9) at Wimbledon, and 89.66% (52–6) at the US Open. She also shares the Open-Era record for most major singles titles won as a mother with Kim Clijsters, at three.[4] In 1973, Court set the record for the most singles titles won at a single major (for either women's or men's), with 11 Australian Open titles. This record was surpassed by Rafael Nadal in 2019 when he won his 12th French Open title, but it remains a women's record.

Court is one of only three players in history (all women) to have won the "Boxed Set", consisting of every major title (the singles, doubles and mixed doubles). She is the only player in tennis history to complete a double Boxed Set. Uniquely, she won all twelve events as an amateur and then, after a hiatus from the sport, returned as a professional to win all twelve again (including a shared title in the 1969 Australian Open mixed doubles, after the final was abandoned and not contested). Court is also one of only six tennis players to win a double career Grand Slam in two disciplines, matching Roy Emerson, Martina Navratilova, Frank Sedgman, Doris Hart, and Serena Williams. She also won the Fed Cup with Australia on four occasions. The International Tennis Hall of Fame states "For sheer strength of performance and accomplishment there has never been a tennis player to match (her)."[5] In 2010, the Herald Sun called her the greatest female tennis player of all time, a view supported by Evonne Goolagong Cawley.[6][7]

Having grown up as a Roman Catholic, Court became associated with Pentecostalism in the 1970s and became a Christian minister in that tradition in 1991. She later founded Margaret Court Ministries.

Tennis career

Court in 1964

Court was born in Albury, New South Wales, the youngest of four children of Lawrence Smith and Catherine Beaufort. She has two older brothers, Kevin and Vincent, and an older sister, June Shanahan. A natural left-hander, she was persuaded to change to a right-hand grip. She began playing tennis when she was eight years old and was 18 in 1960 when she won the first of seven consecutive singles titles at the Australian Championships.

She became the first Australian woman to win a Grand Slam tournament abroad when she won the French and US Championships in 1962. The next year, she became the first Australian woman to win Wimbledon. Across singles, doubles and mixed doubles, she has won a remarkable 64 Grand Slams.

After the tournament in Munich, Germany in August 1966, Court temporarily retired from tennis. In 1967, she married Barry Court, whose father, Charles Court, and brother, Richard Court, were premiers of Western Australia.[8] She returned to tennis in November 1967, and in 1970 won all four Grand Slam singles titles.[9][10] The next year, she lost the Wimbledon singles final to Evonne Goolagong Cawley while pregnant[11] with her first child, Daniel, who was born in March 1972. She made a comeback that year, playing in the US Open and throughout 1973. Her second child, Marika, was born in 1974. She started playing again in November of that year. After missing most of 1976 after having her third child, she returned to the tour in early 1977 but retired permanently that year when she learned she was expecting her fourth child. Her last Grand Slam tournament singles appearance was in the 1975 US Open.[12] Her last Grand Slam tournament appearance overall was in the 1976 Australian Open in women's doubles.[13]

Court is one of only three players to achieve a career "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles, winning every possible Grand Slam title—singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles—at all four Grand Slam events. The others are Doris Hart and Martina Navratilova. However, Court is the only person to win all 12 Grand Slam events at least twice. She also is unique in having completed "boxed sets" both before the Open Era and after it began.

Court lost a heavily publicised and U.S.–televised challenge match to a former world No. 1 male tennis player, the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs, on 13 May 1973, in Ramona, California. Court was the top-ranked women's player at the time, and the New York Times claimed[14] that she did not take the match seriously because it was a mere exhibition. Using a mixture of lobs and drop shots, Riggs beat her 6–2, 6–1. Four months later, Billie Jean King beat Riggs in the Battle of the Sexes match in the Houston Astrodome.[15]

In January 2003, Show Court One at the sports and entertainment complex Melbourne Park was renamed Margaret Court Arena.[16] Since 2012, the arena has attracted calls for its name to be changed on the basis of Court's statements against gay and lesbian rights.[17][18][19]

Playing style, Grand Slam titles and world rankings

Court at the net in 1970

During the 1960s, Court was considered to have a very long reach which added a new dimension to women's volleying. With a height and reach advantage and being extremely strong, she was very formidable at the net and had an effective overhead shot.[20] She was considered unusually mobile for her size and played an all attack, serve and volley style which, when added to her big serve, dominated conservative defensive players.[21] Part of what helped her win was her commitment to fitness training. Court was dubbed "The Aussie Amazon" because she did weights, circuit training and running along sandy hillsides. This training helped keep her relatively injury-free through most of her career.[22]

Court won a record 64 Grand Slam tournament titles, including a record 24 singles titles, 19 women's doubles titles and a record 21 mixed doubles titles. The total includes two shared[23] titles at the Australian Championships/Open in 1965 and 1969.[24] The mixed doubles finals of those years were not played because of bad weather and the titles are shared by both of the finalist pairs.

Court won 62 of the 85 Grand Slam tournament finals (72.9%) she played, including 24–5 (82.8%) in singles finals, 19–14 (57.6%) in women's doubles finals and 19–4 (82.6%) in mixed doubles finals.

Court reached the final in 29, the semifinals in 36 and the quarterfinals in 43 of the 47 Grand Slams singles tournaments she played. She won 11 of the 16 Grand Slam singles tournaments she entered, beginning with the 1969 Australian Open and ending with the 1973 US Open. She also won 11 of the 17 Grand Slam singles tournaments she entered, beginning with the 1962 Australian Championships and ending with the 1966 Australian Championships. She was 146–2 (98.6%) against unseeded players in Grand Slam singles tournaments.

Court is the only player to have won the Grand Slam in both singles and mixed doubles. She won the singles Grand Slam in 1970, the mixed doubles Grand Slam in 1963 with fellow Australian Ken Fletcher and the mixed doubles Grand Slam in 1965 with three different partners (Fletcher, John Newcombe and Fred Stolle).

Court won more than half of all the Grand Slam contests held in 1963 (8 of 12), 1964 (7 of 12), 1965 (9 of 12), 1969 (8 of 12), 1970 (7 of 11) and 1973 (6 of 11).

According to the end-of-year rankings compiled by London's Daily Telegraph from 1914 to 1972, Court was ranked world No. 1 six times: 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969 and 1970. She was also ranked No. 1 for 1973 when the official rankings were produced by the Women's Tennis Association.

Career timeline

Margaret Court playing doubles at Wimbledon alongside Evonne Goolagong
  • 1959 – Competed at the Australian Championships for the first time losing in the second round against eventual tournament winner Mary Reitano.
  • 1960 – Won her first singles title at the Australian Championships, but lost the junior girls final there to Lesley Turner Bowrey.
  • 1962 – Won three of the four Grand Slam singles tournaments.
  • 1963 – Became the first Australian woman to win a singles title at Wimbledon. She and Ken Fletcher became the only team to win all four Grand Slam mixed-doubles titles during the same calendar year.
  • 1964 – Won three of the four Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments. Her women's doubles title at Wimbledon completed her career "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles.
  • 1965 – Won three of the four Grand Slam singles tournaments and all four Grand Slam mixed-doubles titles, with three different partners.
  • 1966 – After losing in August to Vlasta Kodesova in the quarterfinals of a tournament in Munich, Germany, Court temporarily retired.
  • 1968 - Returned to match play in November 1967 at the New South Wales Championships. She resumed playing a full schedule in 1968, where at the beginning of the season, she lost to Billie Jean King in the finals of the Western Australia Championships and the Australian National Championships.
  • 1969 – Won three of the four Grand Slam singles and mixed doubles tournaments.
  • 1970 – Won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments, defeating Kerry Melville Reid in the Australian Open final, Helga Niessen Masthoff in the French Open final, Billie Jean King in the Wimbledon final, and Rosemary Casals in the US Open final. Maureen Connolly in 1953 and Steffi Graf in 1988 are the only other women who have won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments during the same calendar year.
  • 1971 – Won the Australian Championship for the 10th time. After losing in mid-July to Billie Jean King in the semifinals of a tournament in West Kirby, England, Court left the tour to prepare for the March 1972 birth of her first child.
  • 1972 – Returned to the tour in late July. Lost to Billie Jean King in the semifinals of the US Open.
  • 1973 – Won three of the four Grand Slam singles and women's doubles tournaments. Became the first mother in the Open Era to win the Australian, French, and US Open championships. Lost her match with Bobby Riggs. Her women's doubles title at the French Open completed a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles won exclusively after the start of the Open Era in 1968.
  • 1974 – Absent from the game until November because of the birth of her second child. Won the Western Australian Championships on her playing return and reached the final of the New South Wales Championships the following week.
  • 1975 – Played the final Grand Slam singles match of her career, losing to Martina Navratilova in a quarterfinal of the US Open 6–2, 6–4. At her final Australian championships (played in December 1974), she suffered only her second defeat in the singles prior to the final in all her appearances at the event, losing to Navratilova in a quarterfinal. Having won the mixed doubles at her last Wimbledon (partnering Marty Riessen), she partnered with Virginia Wade at the US Open to win her 62nd Grand Slam title and 19th Grand Slam women's doubles title, defeating King and Casals in the final. This was Court's last Grand Slam title. Her last tournament of the year was in late September in Tokyo where she won the title.
  • 1976 – Court was absent from the game until late September due to the birth of her third child. Tokyo was her first tournament after returning to the tour, where she lost the final to Betty Stöve. She finished the year by defeating Sue Barker in the singles final in Melbourne, Australia
  • 1977 – Played the final singles match of her career, defeating Greer Stevens in the third round of the Virginia Slims Championships of Detroit 5–7, 7–6, 6–3. Court defaulted the quarterfinal to Françoise Dürr upon learning that she was pregnant with her fourth child.

Honours

Ministry

Court was raised as a Roman Catholic but became involved with Pentecostalism in the mid-1970s. In 1983, she gained a theological qualification from the Rhema Bible Training Centre, and in 1991 was ordained as an independent Pentecostal minister and so speaks publicly about her faith.[33] She subsequently founded a ministry known as Margaret Court Ministries.[34] In 1995, she founded a Pentecostal church known as the Victory Life Centre in Perth.[35] She still serves as its senior pastor. Her television show, A Life of Victory, airs on Sundays on the Australian Christian Channel and locally in Perth on community television station West TV. She has generally embraced teachings associated with the Word of Faith movement[34] and teaches her view of biblical doctrine.[36]

In 1997, Court established Victory Life Community Services, later rebranded as Margaret Court Community Outreach (MCCO).[37] In 2014 it was described by The West Australian as "one of WA's biggest stand-alone food charities", supplying around 25 tonnes of food each week.[38]

Since 2010, she has been the president of Victory Life International, a network of like-minded churches, and is a long-standing patron of the Australian Family Association and Drug Free Australia.[39][40][41]

Personal views

Court has been a consistent critic of same-sex marriage in Australia.[42] In 2012, she opposed proposed same-sex marriage reforms.[43][44] Court has been criticised for such statements by gay tennis players Billie Jean King, Rennae Stubbs and Martina Navratilova,[42][45] and in 2012, an LGBT rights protest group called for the renaming of Margaret Court Arena.[17]

Court was criticised in May 2017 after writing a letter to The West Australian decrying Qantas, the largest airline in Australia, for being a corporate supporter of same-sex marriage and saying that she would boycott the airline. The letter, and further follow-up interviews, again led to calls from some Australians and tennis players to rename the Margaret Court Arena.[18][46][47][48][49][50][51] Some politicians, including Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, rejected calls for the change of name, saying the name celebrates Margaret Court as a tennis player.[52]

In June 2017, Russell Jackson wrote that Court had always held controversial views, which he described as "stubbornly immovable", citing her support for apartheid in 1970 ("South Africans have this thing better organised than any other country, particularly America") and her criticisms of Navratilova in 1990 ("a great player but I'd like someone at the top who the younger players can look up to. It's very sad for children to be exposed to homosexuality") as examples.[53] He suggested that this and the similar incident from 2012[44] are calculated provocations, allowing Court to portray herself as the victim and use the publicity to her advantage, and show that "for better or worse, Court is now the principal architect of her own image".[53]

On 23 January 2019, Anna Wintour, in her keynote address for the Australian Open's Inspirational Series, renewed calls for the arena's renaming.[54] Court responded by saying she was "disappointed" that someone "coming from America" was "unable to tolerate views that were not in line with her own" and "[is] telling us in this nation what to do".[55] Later in the year, Court called on Tennis Australia to honour her and the 50th anniversary of her 1970 Grand Slam in the same way as it honoured Rod Laver earlier in 2019, arguing that the organisation should disregard her views on same-sex marriage, as her tennis achievements are from "a different phase of my life from where I am now and if we are not big enough as a nation and a game to face those challenges there is something wrong." Tennis Australia issued a statement that it "recognises the tennis achievements of Margaret Court, although her views do not align with our values of equality, diversity and inclusion" and said that it is "in the process of working through" how Court's milestone might be included at the 2020 Australian Open.[56] During the tournament, however, high-profile guests Martina Navratilova and John McEnroe paraded a banner calling for the Margaret Court Arena to be renamed in honour of four-time Australian Open champion Evonne Goolagong.[57][58]

In 2020, her Margaret Court Community Outreach charity was denied a Lotterywest grant for a freezer truck on the basis of her public statements on gay people. She subsequently announced she would lodge a complaint with the Equal Opportunity Commission of Western Australia.[59]

Portrayal in film

Jacqueline McKenzie portrayed Court in the 2001 TV movie When Billie Beat Bobby.

Jessica McNamee portrayed Court in the 2017 Hollywood film Battle of the Sexes.[60]

Grand Slam tournament performance timelines

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# DNQ A NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

Singles

Tournament19591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975SRW–L
Australian Open 2R W W W W W W W A F W W W A W A QF 11 / 14 60–3
French Open A A QF W QF W F SF A A W W 3R A W A A 5 / 10 44–5
Wimbledon A A QF 2R W F W SF A QF SF W F A SF A SF 3 / 12 51–9
US Open A A SF W F 4R W A A QF W W A SF W A QF 5 / 11 52–6
Win–loss 1–1 5–0 15–3 16–1 18–2 17–2 22–1 12–2 0–0 11–3 21–1 23–0 11–2 4–1 21–1 0–0 10–3 24 / 47 207–23

Women's doubles

Tournament 195919601961196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976SR
Australian Open A F W W W F W F A SF W W W A W A F QF 8 / 14
French Open A A 3R F F W W W A A F SF SF A W A A A 4 / 10
Wimbledon A A F SF F W 3R F A QF W QF F A QF A QF A 2 / 12
US Open A A 2R QF W F A A A W F W A F W A W A 5 / 10

Mixed doubles

Tournament19591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975SR
Australian Open A A A A W W W SF A F W NH NH NH NH NH NH 4 / 6
French Open A A SF A W W W 3R A A W SF 3R A A A A 4 / 8
Wimbledon A A SF A W F W W A W SF 2R A A F A W 5 / 10
US Open A A W W W W W A A A W W A W F A SF 8 / 10
SR 0 / 0 0 / 0 1 / 3 1 / 1 4 / 4 3 / 4 4 / 4 1 / 3 0 / 0 1 / 2 3 / 4 1 / 3 0 / 1 1 / 1 0 / 2 0 / 0 1 / 2 21 / 34

Note: The shared mixed doubles titles at the Australian Championships/Open in 1965 and 1969 are not always counted in Court's Grand Slam win total because the finals were never played. The Australian Open does officially count them as joint victories.[61] Otherwise, she would have 21 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles, which is reflected in the above table.

Grand Slam singles finals: 29 finals (24 titles, 5 runner-ups)

Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score
Win1960Australian ChampionshipsGrassAustralia Jan Lehane O'Neill7–5, 6–2
Win1961Australian Championships (2)GrassAustralia Jan Lehane O'Neill6–1, 6–4
Win1962Australian Championships (3)GrassAustralia Jan Lehane O'Neill6–0, 6–2
Win1962French ChampionshipsClayAustralia Lesley Turner Bowrey6–3, 3–6, 7–5
Win1962US ChampionshipsGrassUnited States Darlene Hard9–7, 6–4
Win1963Australian Championships (4)GrassAustralia Jan Lehane O'Neill6–2, 6–2
Win1963WimbledonGrassUnited States Billie Jean King6–3, 6–4
Loss1963US ChampionshipsGrassBrazil Maria Bueno5–7, 4–6
Win1964Australian Championships (5)GrassAustralia Lesley Turner Bowrey6–3, 6–2
Loss1964WimbledonGrassBrazil Maria Bueno4–6, 9–7, 3–6
Win1964French Championships (2)ClayBrazil Maria Bueno5–7, 6–1, 6–2
Win1965Australian Championships (6)GrassBrazil Maria Bueno5–7, 6–4, 5–2 retired
Loss1965French ChampionshipsClayAustralia Lesley Turner Bowrey3–6, 4–6
Win1965Wimbledon (2)GrassBrazil Maria Bueno6–4, 7–5
Win1965US Championships (2)GrassUnited States Billie Jean King8–6, 7–5
Win1966Australian Championships (7)GrassUnited States Nancy Richeywalkover
Loss1968Australian ChampionshipsGrassUnited States Billie Jean King1–6, 2–6
↓ Open Era ↓
Win1969Australian Open (8)GrassUnited States Billie Jean King6–4, 6–1
Win1969French Open (3)ClayUnited Kingdom Ann Haydon-Jones6–1, 4–6, 6–3
Win1969US Open (3)GrassUnited States Nancy Richey6–2, 6–2
Win1970Australian Open (9)GrassAustralia Kerry Melville Reid6–1, 6–3
Win1970French Open (4)ClayWest Germany Helga Niessen Masthoff6–2, 6–4
Win1970Wimbledon (3)GrassUnited States Billie Jean King14–12, 11–9
Win1970US Open (4)GrassUnited States Rosemary Casals6–2, 2–6, 6–1
Win1971Australian Open (10)GrassAustralia Evonne Goolagong Cawley2–6, 7–6, 7–5
Loss1971WimbledonGrassAustralia Evonne Goolagong Cawley4–6, 1–6
Win1973Australian Open (11)GrassAustralia Evonne Goolagong Cawley6–4, 7–5
Win1973French Open (5)ClayUnited States Chris Evert6–7, 7–6, 6–4
Win1973US Open (5)GrassAustralia Evonne Goolagong Cawley7–6, 5–7, 6–2

Records

  • Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.

All-time Grand Slam records

  • These are women's standing records for all-time period in tennis history.
Grand Slam records per tournament

Career tournament records

Time span Record accomplished Players matched
1958–1977All time women's record of 192 career singles titlesStands alone
1968–1976Open era record of 46 career grass court singles titlesStands alone
1968–1977Open era career singles match winning percentage (all surfaces) 91.17% (593–56)Stands alone
1968–1977Open era career singles match winning percentage (hard court) 91.73% (111–10)Stands alone
1968–1977Open era career singles match winning percentage (grass court) 93.01% (293–22)Stands alone
1970Open era record of 21 singles titles won in one yearStands alone
1973WTA Tour record of 18 singles titles won in one yearStands alone

See also

References

  1. ↑ Russell, Bill (11 January 2019). "Top 10 Greatest Female Tennis Players Of All Time (2019 UPDATED)". Sporteology. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. ↑ "Margaret Court records: International Hall of Fame". Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  3. ↑ "Stats Corner: Kim Joins Elite Club". WTA. Archived from the original on 16 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  4. ↑ "Maternal glow: Mothers who have won Slams". WTA Tour.
  5. ↑ "Hall of Famers – Margaret Court Smith "The Arm"". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  6. ↑ Schlink, Leo. "Legend Margaret Court tips Sam Stosur to win French Open". Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  7. ↑ "Margaret Court the greatest: Evonne Goolagong Cawley". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  8. ↑ Rebecca Carmody. "Moral High Ground For New Liberal President". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  9. ↑ "U.S. Open Tennis – Grand Slam for Mrs. Court". The Canberra Times. Australian Associated Press. 15 September 1970. p. 22. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ↑ Roberts, Roberts, ed. (2008). Great Australian Sporting Moments. Carlton, Vic.: The Miegunyah Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0522855470. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  11. ↑ "Clijsters wins US Open". The Age. 14 September 2009. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  12. ↑ "US Open". www.itftennis.com. International Tennis Federation (ITF). Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  13. ↑ "Australian Open". www.itftennis.com. International Tennis Federation (ITF). Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  14. ↑ Roberts, Selena (21 August 2005). "Tennis's Other 'Battle of the Sexes,' Before King-Riggs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  15. ↑ Kirkpatrick, Curry (21 May 1973). "Mother's Day Ms. Match". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 38, no. 20. pp. 35–37. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  16. ↑ "History | Margaret Court Arena". www.margaretcourtarena.com.au. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  17. 1 2 Passa, Dennis (13 January 2012). "Tennis legend Margaret Court stirs clash on gay rights". The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  18. 1 2 "Margaret Court: Tennis is 'full of lesbians', says Australian Grand Slam legend". BBC. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  19. ↑ Rothenberg, Ben (31 May 2017). "Players Want Margaret Court Arena Renamed Over Remarks on Gays". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  20. ↑ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. The Viking Press. pp. 174, 219. ISBN 9780670294084.
  21. ↑ Macdonald, Geoff (29 August 2011). "NY Times: Aces of the Game". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  22. ↑ Flink, Steve. "Margaret Smith Court Career Retrospective". Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  23. ↑ "Margaret (Smith) Court". Tennis Australia. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  24. ↑ "Official Australian Open Mixed Doubles titles". Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  25. ↑ "Miss Margaret Jean Smith - The Order of the British Empire - Member (Civil) (Imperial) - Award Extract - Australian Honours Search Facility". It's an honour. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019 – via honours.pmc.gov.au.
  26. ↑ "Margaret Smith Court". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019 – via www.tennisfame.com.
  27. ↑ "Margaret Court". Sport Australia Hall of Fame. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  28. ↑ "Mrs. Margaret Court - Australian Sports Medal - Award Extract - Australian Honours Search Facility". It's an honour. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019 – via honours.pmc.gov.au.
  29. ↑ "Reverend Dr Margaret Court - Centenary Medal - Award Extract - Australian Honours Search Facility". It's an honour. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019 – via honours.pmc.gov.au.
  30. ↑ "Victorian Honour Roll of Women" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  31. ↑ "The Reverend Margaret Court - Officer of the Order of Australia - Award Extract - Australian Honours Search Facility". It's an honour. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019 – via honours.pmc.gov.au.
  32. ↑ "COMPANION (AC) IN THE GENERAL DIVISION OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA" (PDF). www.gg.gov.au. Governor General of Australia. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  33. ↑ "Margaret Court". Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  34. 1 2 Brian Baxter, "Margaret Court's Word of Faith Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine", The Skeptics, Vol 27 No 3, Spring 2007.
  35. ↑ "Church in Perth Victory Life Centre". Archived from the original on 9 April 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  36. ↑ Ross, Ron. "Person of faith: Margaret Court". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  37. ↑ "Our Story". Margaret Court Community Outreach. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  38. ↑ O'Leary, Cathy (18 September 2014). "Those going hungry on rise". The West Australian. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  39. ↑ "Reverend Dr Margaret Court". Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  40. ↑ "AFA Welcomes Three New Patrons". AFA Family Update vol 23 no 2. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  41. ↑ "Welcome to Victory Life International". Victory Life International. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  42. 1 2 Gray, Stephen (15 December 2011). "Former tennis star Margaret Court serves up controversy over gay marriage". Pink News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  43. ↑ "Tennis great accused of inciting gay hatred". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  44. 1 2 "Court in same sex tennis furore". Reuters. 12 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
  45. ↑ Sheldrick, Drew (12 December 2011). "Tennis greats blast Court". Sydney Star Observer. Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  46. ↑ "Margaret Court Arena name change called for after star's Qantas boycott over gay marriage support". ABC News / AAP. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 May 2017. Archived from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  47. ↑ Anderson, Ben (31 May 2017). "Margaret Court says tennis is 'full of lesbians' and homosexuality will 'destroy' your life". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  48. ↑ Baum, Greg (31 May 2017). "'The devil's after our kids': Margaret Court's second serve". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  49. ↑ Brennan, Rose (31 May 2017). "Margaret Court's Christian radio rant on lesbians in tennis and transgender children". news.com.au. News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  50. ↑ "Margaret Court says tennis 'full of lesbians'". 9news.com.au. Nine Entertainment Co. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  51. ↑ "Veteran Margaret Court Says Tennis 'Full of Lesbians'". Reuters. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017 – via The New York Times.
  52. ↑ Tillett, Andrew (26 May 2017). "Malcolm Turnbull says Margaret Court's name should stay on tennis arena". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  53. 1 2 Jackson, Russell (3 June 2017). "Margaret Court: astounding champion who found God and lost the respect of a nation". Guardian Australia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  54. ↑ Regan, Helen (25 January 2019). "Anna Wintour slams Margaret Court, Scott Morrison over LGBTQ rights". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  55. ↑ Wearne, Phoebe (24 January 2018). "Wintour of discontent gets a serve from WA tennis legend Margaret Court". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  56. ↑ "Margaret Court calls on Tennis Australia to honour her grand slam anniversary". Guardian Australia. Australian Associated Press. 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  57. ↑ "Australian Open: Martina Navratilova's banner calls for Margaret Court Arena to be renamed". BBC Sport. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  58. ↑ Lewis, Aimee (28 January 2020). "John McEnroe and Martina Navratilova hold on-court protest". CNN. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  59. ↑ Hondros, Nathan (10 October 2020). "Margaret Court to challenge Lotterywest ban on grant funding". The Age. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  60. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (7 April 2016). "Jessica McNamee Plays Margaret Court In 'Battle Of The Sexes'". Deadline. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  61. ↑ "Mixed Doubles at the Australian Open". Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  62. ↑ Clarey, Christopher (30 January 2017). "At 74, Margaret Court Remains Outspoken on Her Prowess, and Beliefs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  63. 1 2 Pruitt, Sarah. "Tennis' Elusive Grand Slam – History in the Headlines". HISTORY.com. The History Channel, 2 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  64. ↑ WTA 2019 Grand Slam statistics (PDF) (Report).
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