Maria Walpole
Countess Waldegrave
Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Portrait by Joshua Reynolds (c. 1771–1774)
Born(1736-07-10)10 July 1736
St James's, Westminster, Middlesex (now London)
Died22 August 1807(1807-08-22) (aged 71)
Oxford Lodge, Brompton, Middlesex (now London)
Burial31 August 1807
Spouse
(m. 1759; died 1763)
    Issue
    FatherEdward Walpole
    MotherDorothy Clement

    Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (née Walpole; 10 July 1736 – 22 August 1807) was a member of the British royal family. She was titled Countess Waldegrave from 1759 to 1766, as a result of her first marriage to James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave. Her second husband was Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, whom she married in 1766.

    Early life

    Maria Walpole was the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and Dorothy Clement. Her grandfather was Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, considered to be the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1721–41). She grew up at Frogmore House in Windsor, but her parents were not married, and her illegitimate status hindered her social standing despite her family connections.

    Maria and her daughter Elizabeth by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1761.

    Countess Waldegrave

    On 15 May 1759, she married James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave at the house in Pall Mall of her father, Sir Edward Walpole. The ceremony was performed by Frederick Keppel, the future Bishop of Exeter, and the official witnesses were Sir Edward and his brother, Horace Walpole.[2] The Earl Waldegrave died on 28 April 1763. They had three children:

    There is a portrait of Maria in 1764–65, shortly after she was widowed, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, in the Dunedin Public Art Gallery. She also commissioned him in 1780 to paint The Ladies Waldegrave, a group portrait of her and Waldegrave's three daughters.

    Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

    The Ladies Waldegrave by Sir Joshua Reynolds (L to R: Charlotte, Elizabeth and Anne)
    Maria (in mourning), by Gainsborough.

    On 6 September 1766, she married Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, at her home in Pall Mall, London. The Duke was a brother of King George III. The marriage was conducted in secret as the British Royal Family would not have approved of a marriage between a prince and a widow of non-royal rank and illegitimate birth. They lived at St Leonard's Hill in Clewer, near Windsor, and had three children.

    The marriage to a commoner of the Duke's other brother, the Duke of Cumberland, led to the passing of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, which required all the descendants of George II to seek the sovereign's approval before marriage. It was only in September 1772, five months after the passage of the Act, that the King became aware of Prince William's marriage to Maria. As the Act's provisions could not be applied retroactively, Maria and the Duke's marriage was considered valid. Due, however, to the anger of her brother-in-law at the marriage, she was never received at court.

    Princess Caroline died aged nine months following a smallpox inoculation, intended to protect her from the disease.[5]

    References

    1. "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St George - Windsor Castle. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
    2. The Register of Marriages solemnized in the Parish Church of St James within the Liberty of Westminster & County of Middlesex. 1754-1765. No. 1559. 15 May 1759.
    3. Chilvers, Allan (2010). The Berties of Grimsthorpe Castle. AuthorHouse. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-4520-4327-2.
    4. Miller, Charles (1780). To Lady Horatia Waldegrave, on the death of the Duke of Ancaster. Twickenham: Strawberry Hill press. OL 16983693M.
    5. "Berkshire History: Biographies: Maria Walpole, Duchess of Gloucester (1737–1807)". Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2007.
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