Martin Luserke
Martin Luserke at Schule am Meer, Juist, East Frisia, Prussia, 1931
Martin Luserke at Schule am Meer, Juist, East Frisia, Prussia, 1931
Born(1880-05-03)May 3, 1880
Schöneberg near Berlin, Prussia, German Reich
DiedJune 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 88)
Meldorf, Holstein, Germany
Resting placeHage, East Frisia (until 2018), gravestone moved to Juist island's dune cemetery
OccupationProgressive educator, bard, storyteller, writer and theatre maker
NationalityGerman
EducationHerrnhuter Lehrerseminar, University of Jena
Literary movementProgressive education, German Youth Movement
Notable awards1st Prize of Literaturpreis der Reichshauptstadt Berlin (1935); Cross of Merit (1954); Friedrich-Hebbel-Preis (1958); Golden Medal of University of Kiel (1960)
SpouseMarie Anna "Annemarie" Elisabeth Gerwien (1878–1926)
Children4 (one daughter, three sons)
RelativesCarl Fridrich Wilhelm Luserke (1851–1931) and Amalie Elisabeth Luserke (1855–1942), nee Lindhorst

Martin Luserke singing out a seamanlike "rise, rise…" to wake his pupils of Schule am Meer (= School by the Sea), 1931

Martin Luserke (3 May 1880 in Schöneberg near Berlin, Prussia, German Reich – 1 June 1968 in Meldorf, Holstein, Germany) was a progressive pedagogue, a bard, writer and theatre maker.[1][2][3] He was one of the leading figures of German progressive education and a precursor of outdoor education.[4] As his distinguished achievement counts the integration of community theatre into school and youth work.[5] It was also integrated in German Youth Movement.[6][7]

Family and Youth

He was one of three sons of the construction expert Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Luserke (1851–1931) and his wife Amalie Elisabeth Luserke (1855–1942), née Lindhorst. She originated from Westphalia, whereas the Luserke family originated from Breslau, Silesia.[8] Both were Pietists. His siblings were his older brother, Johannes Fridrich Wilhelm (* 6. April 1877 in Berlin; † 4. April 1949 in Dresden), and his younger brother, Otto Karl Gottfried Luserke (* 19. November 1887 in Berlin). From his father's side the men had been carpenters for generations.[9] His father worked his way up from a builder to a construction supervisor and became an architect who worked as an examination administrator at public works service of Berlin.[10]

During his childhood, Martin Luserke got the chance to become acquainted with the port of Hamburg, the river Elbe and the German coast along the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Via sailboat and steamboat he got to know the East Frisian island Spiekeroog and Heligoland in the German Bight. According to his mother's memoirs he very early felt attracted to the Sea.[11] His parents refused to let him go to the Sea.[12]

Starting at the age of ten, he read works by Friedrich Schiller, at the age of thirteen those written by William Shakespeare, Goethe und Ibsen, all comprehensively and passionately.[13][14] Reportedly he had his first contact with a stage at Schauspielhaus Berlin where he watched the drama William Tell by Schiller. The play fell short of his high expectations so he was badly disappointed.[15] Later this experience might have been an influence on his own conceptions of theatre works.

In the age of fifteen, he broke with his family. The catalyst was a moment when his mother burnt his Shakespeare books which he had read secretly.[16]

In 1908, he married Marie Anna "Annemarie" Elisabeth Gerwien (1878–1926). He met her through his work for Wickersdorf Free School Community, where she worked as a matron. She was the daughter of Prussian Oberstleutnant (= Lieutenant Colonel) Paul Vincenz Gerwien (* 7 December 1843 in Neisse; † 12 September 1923 in Dresden). The couple got four children, one girl and three boys: Ursula (* 20 January 1910 in Wickersdorf; † 1987), Klaus (* 6 October 1912 in Wickersdorf), Heiner (* 4 August 1914 in Wickersdorf) und Dieter (* 15 September 1918; † 17. February 2005).[17] Between 1938 and 1968 Auguste Schwarting became Luserke's housekeeper.[18]

Education

He became a pupil of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine in Berlin. When he was fifteen, his parents sent him to Herrnhuter Lehrerseminar in Niesky, Lusatia, to become a teacher.[19] Between 1900 and 1904 he worked as an elementary teacher at Pädagogium Niesky. There he got estranged from Pietism which he found cold-hearted. He moved to Thuringia and studied Mathematics and Philosophy at Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

In 1905 he made a field excursion to Brittany, where he hiked for several months through the remains of Celtic culture of Stone Age.[20] Via the lecture of a bard on the island of Molène he got inspired to use oral and written tradition like myths, sagas and legends for his own work. He also travelled to Italy and Egypt.[21]

He got influenced by his academic teachers, the Nobel Prize winner Rudolf Christoph Eucken, Ernst Haeckel, Wilhelm Rein and later by Hermann Lietz. Luserke's ideas about an idealized lifelike education to develop an attitude can be traced back to them.[22] Disappointed from academic teaching programme and classical pedagogy he dropped out of university in 1906.

In 1931 Luserke completed a mate's certificate in Leer, East Frisia.[23]

Career

1906: D.L.E.H. Haubinda

At Easter 1906 he joined Hermann Lietz and started to work as a teacher at Deutsches Landerziehungsheim (D.L.E.H.) in Haubinda, Thuringia. Three years before there had been a controversy about the admittance of Jewish pupils.[24][25][26] According to Walter Benjamin (1892–1940) only Luserke and Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964) formed an opposition against the daily military drill at this school.[27] Its resulting conflict with the administration ended with a secession of both teachers.

1906–1925: Freie Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf

Martin Luserke on excursion in the Fichtel Mountains, 1910
Gustav Wyneken (sitting on the left) and principal Martin Luserke (on the right), both with full beards, during a lunch break while accompanying their students of Freie Schulgemeinde from Wickersdorf to a youth meeting atop Hoher Meißner in October 1913

Together with so-called pedagogic rebels like Gustav Wyneken, Paul Geheeb (1870–1961) and August Halm (1869–1929) in autumn 1906 Luserke founded the Freie Schulgemeinde in the small town Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in Thuringian Forest.[28][29] Whereas Wyneken is described more as a theoretician the practitioner Luserke is considered to be the one who added substantial stimulus.[30] His conception of a didactics which offered immediate hands-on-experience influenced several other pedagogues like Hans Alfken (1899–1994).[31][32] In Wickersdorf Luserke worked with Hans-Windekilde Jannasch (1883–1981), Peter Suhrkamp (1891–1959) and Bernhard Uffrecht (1885–1959). Right from the school's foundation he started to perform community theatre. His stage work was based on William Shakespeare. His first play Blut und Liebe (= Blood and Love) which is performed in many schools until today, is a Grotesque based on Hamlet.[33]

Between 1910 and 1914 and again between 1922 and 1925, he served as the school's principal. From 1914 to 1918 he served as a soldier in World War I. In 1917 he got severely wounded in France and became a POW.[34][35] His head injury marked him for life so he always wore a cap. Influenced by German Revolution of 1918–19 he was one of the authors (along with George Bernard Shaw) of a book series by Marxist Karl Korsch (1886–1961). In his book Luserke opted for a socialist ethics of work which should follow common interests.[36]

In school pedagogical conflicts with Gustav Wyneken were persistent. Wyneken was part of several paedophile scandals and later got sentenced. Some other teachers also were paedophiles. Luserke, Rudolf Aeschlimann (1884–1961) and Dr. Paul Reiner (1886–1932) first formed a so-called triumvirate in opposition to Wyneken and his followers. It resulted not only in a polarization but in a development of factions which divided teachers, employees and pupils. Luserke decided to found a new school "at the border of the habitable world".[37] Aeschlimann, Fritz Hafner (1877–1964), Luserke and Reiner together with their families including eleven children plus employees and sixteen of their pupils moved to the North Sea and settled on Juist Island in East Frisia.[38]

1925–1934: Schule am Meer

Theatre of Schule am Meer on Juist Island, built by Bruno Ahrends in 1930/31

On 1 May 1925, Luserke founded Schule am Meer (= School by the Sea), where he established the first and only theatre building of a German school.[39][40][41] The unique project primarily spanned a group of five school buildings which were planned in 1929 by Berlin-based architect Bruno Ahrends. The theatre was erected between 1930 and 1931. It was used for community theatre, the school's choir and the school's orchestra, conducted by composer and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer (1890–1972), the older brother of famous writer Carl Zuckmayer who visited and worked at Schule am Meer.[42][43][44] With their pupils Luserke and Zuckmayer went on tour through major German cities like Berlin, Cologne or Stuttgart to perform on stages where they got very positive critics in the newspapers.[45][46][47] Heinrich Meyer started his career at Schule am Meer, Hans Hess, Walter Georg Kühne, Felicitas Kukuck, and Beate Uhse belonged to its pupils. The school created a botanical garden right in the dunes of the sandbank and developed eleven vegetable gardens for self-supply. In the school's workshops detailed ship models were built as well as seakeeping sailboats (dinghy cruisers) but also parts to build up wooden shacks. Its sports programme included gymnastics and cold baths in the sea, athletics, boxing, fistball, association football, handball, field hockey, ice skate, prisonball and sailing. When Luserke's renowned school was closed in spring 1934 due to Nazi Gleichschaltung (= Nazification) and Antisemitism he decided to work as a free writer.

Krake ZK 14

Dieter and Martin Luserke aboard Krake

In the Netherlands he bought the old Dutch fishery vessel ZK 14, which he named Krake (= octopus). Henceforward he deployed it as his floating poet's workshop to sail the shallow waters of the coastal regions of The Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Southern Norway and Southern Sweden.[48] In the harbours he opened his ship for tale-telling and readings.[49] Mostly young people visited his ship, some attended during trip sections.[50] One of the later well-known listeners and passengers was Beate Uhse, one of his former pupils.[51][52] In 1935 he got awarded with Literaturpreis der Reichshauptstadt Berlin (= literature award of Reich's capital Berlin) for his historic novel Hasko which was published in German, Dutch and French.[53] He also wrote his most favourite book Obadjah und die ZK 14 and a Viking trilogy.

Meldorf, Holstein

At the end of 1938, he went off board to settle in Meldorf, Holstein.[54] There he continued his work as a free writer. His most successful books were published during the 1930s and 1940s. Several of his books were also printed for army postal service of German Wehrmacht (army and navy) during World War II.

Luserke cannot be described as toeing the Nazi party line.[55] Instead, his ideal and book topics were in some extent similar to Völkisch movement.[56] His literary work was mostly fiction with a revival of Norse mythology, Breton legends and Continental Germanic mythology so it contains no Nazi propaganda.[57] Nevertheless, it matched some popular Völkisch and Nazi topics which was convenient during dictatorship to get accepted as a professional writer.

Between 1947 and 1952, he got a teaching assignment at Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule (founded in 1540) where he introduced his community theatre again.[58] There he named his fully developed play as Meldorfer Spielweise which he characterized as a special style of community theatre. From the start all participants are involved in the play's development. Actors, musicians, handcrafter and technicians are part of a team which composes, writes poetry and thinks about elements like dance, singing, period costumes, signs and symbolism, technical effects.[59] Along the way Luserke's most appreciated activities helped to save the school's survival which was endangered after WWII.[60]

Luserke also held advanced training courses for youth group leaders at Jugendgruppenleiterschule in Bad Harzburg-Bündheim.[61] In 1955 he completed his late work about his Shakespeare studies Pan-Apollon-Prospero which got published in 1957.[62][63] He died in the age of 88 and got buried in Hage, East Frisia, next to his wife Annemarie.

In 2018 his descendants abandoned his grave. However, his gravestone was brought to the East Frisian island of Juist in the North Sea and placed there in the cemetery on the island in 2019.

Awards and distinctions

Commemorative plaque next to Luserke's former home in Meldorf, Holstein
  • 1935 – 1st Prize of Literaturpreis der Reichshauptstadt Berlin (= Literature Award of Reich capital Berlin) for the novel Hasko (published in German, Dutch and French)[64]
  • 1950 – Honorary Member of Schleswig-Holstein writer's assembly
  • 1954 – Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his community theatre work[65]
  • 1958 – Friedrich Hebbel Award
  • 1960 – Golden Medal awarded by University of Kiel
  • 1986 – As a permanent loan the state library of Kiel gave Luserke's furnishings to Heimatverein Juist. Since then it is exhibited in Sibje House on Juist Island.[66]
  • 1987 – On 4 May a commemorative plaque was attached to his home at 37, Jungfernstieg in Meldorf[67]
  • 2010 – Next to his home at 37, Jungfernstieg in Meldorf a new commemorative plaque was installed[68]

Literature

  • Martin Kiessig: Martin Luserke. Gestalt und Werk. Versuch einer Wesensdeutung. Dissertation Universität Leipzig 1936. OCLC 632234871
  • Winfried Mogge (1987), "Luserke, Martin", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 533–534; (full text online)
  • M. von Kellenbach: Der Mensch in der Dichtung des Dritten Reiches (Hasko). Phil. Diss. 1939.
  • Hans-Windekilde Jannasch: Martin Luserke zum 70. Geburtstag. Sammlung, 1 January 1950, Vol. 5, p. 377.
  • "Martin Luserke 75 Jahre alt". In: Bildung und Erziehung, 1955, Ausg. 8, Böhlau Verlag 1955, p. 299.
  • Walter Jantzen: "50 Jahre Laienspiel – Gottfried Haaß-Berkow, Martin Luserke, Rudolf Mirbt". In: Bildung und Erziehung 1956, Vol. 9, Böhlau-Verlag, Wien, Weimar 1956, pp. 245–256.
  • Jean Nordhaus: The Laienspiel Movement and Brecht's Lehrstuecke. Phil. Diss. 1969.
  • Franz L. Pelgen: Das Laienspiel und die Spielweise Martin Luserkes. Dissertation Universität München, Philosophische Fakultät, München 1957.
  • Herbert Giffei: "Luserke, Martin". In: Schleswig-holsteinisches biographisches Lexikon, 1971, pp. 193–195.
  • Anneliese Knoop: "Martin Luserke" In: Lexikon der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, Vol. 2 I–O, Klaus Doderer (Hrsg.), Beltz, Weinheim/Pullach/Basel 1977.
  • Herbert Giffei: Martin Luserke und das Theater. Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Spiel und Amateurtheater in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Hrsg.), Vol. 18, Hilfen für Spielleiter. Doepgen, Bergheim 1979.
  • Kurt Sydow: "Die Lebensfahrt eines großen Erzählers – Martin Luserke (1880–1968)". In: Jahrbuch des Archivs der deutschen Jugendbewegung 12, 1980.
  • Herbert Giffei: Martin Luserke – Ein Wegbereiter der modernen Erlebnispädagogik. In: Wegbereiter der modernen Erlebnispädagogik, Vol. 6. Klaus Neubauer Verlag, Lüneburg 1987.
  • Cornelia Susanne Anna Godde: Das Laienspiel als reformpädagogisches Element. Die Bedeutung Martin Luserkes für das heutige Bildungswesen (= Beiträge zu Erziehungswissenschaften, Vol. 3). Dissertation Universität Bonn. Wehle, Witterschlick / Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-925267-38-7.
  • Jörg W. Ziegenspeck (Ed.): Martin Luserke. Reformpädagoge – Dichter – Theatermann; Gründer und Leiter der "Schule am Meer" auf der Nordseeinsel Juist (1925–1934) (= Wegbereiter der modernen Erlebnispädagogik, Band 6). Neubauer, Lüneburg 1990, ISBN 3-88456-072-7.
  • Brigitte Cléac'h: Martin Luserke und die Bretagne: Anfang einer Reise zur Sage auf der Insel Molène im Jahre 1905, Dissertation Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Mémoire de Maîtrise, Brest 1991. OCLC 838761494
  • Nicole Becker: Reformpädagogik in der Weser-Ems-Region: das Beispiel „Haus am Meer“ von Martin Luserke Dissertation Universität Oldenburg 1993. OCLC 25681322
  • Ulrich Schwerdt: Martin Luserke (1880–1968). Reformpädagogik im Spannungsfeld von pädagogischer Innovation und kulturkritischer Ideologie. Eine biographische Rekonstruktion (= Studien zur Bildungsreform, Vol. 23). Dissertation Universität Paderborn 1992. Lang, Frankfurt am Main u.a. 1993. ISBN 3-631-46119-4.
  • Otto Seydel: "Das Echo: Die Geschichte der Vision einer 'Neuen Schule'". In: Bildung und Erziehung, 1994, Vol. 47(2). ISSN 0006-2456, pp. 175–186.
  • Jürgen Oelkers: Eros und Lichtgestalten: Die Gurus der Landerziehungsheime (PDF file; 242 KB)
  • Gunther Nickel / Johanna Schrön (Ed.), Carl Zuckmayer: Geheimreport. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2002. ISBN 978-3-89244-599-9.
  • Albrecht Sauer: Martin Luserke. Reihe: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0195130751.
  • "Luserke, Martin". In: Horn, Klaus-Peter / Kemnitz, Heidemarie / Marotzki, Winfried / Sandfuchs, Uwe (Ed.): Klinkhardt Lexikon Erziehungswissenschaft (KLE). Bad Heilbrunn 2012.
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References

  1. ↑ Luserke, Martin. Deutsche Biografie (in German)
  2. ↑ Martin Luserke, in: Munzinger Archive (in German)
  3. ↑ Joan Campbell: Joy in Work, German Work: The National Debate, 1800–1945. Princeton University Press 2014. ISBN 978-1400860371, pp. 126–127 (citation: It seemed essential to remind people, that the post-revolutionary society must also meet the needs of the nation's intellectuals. This is what Martin Luserke, a popular novelist and educator, tried to do in an essay on work motivation published in 1919 as part of a series Praktischer Sozialismus („Practical Socialism“) edited by the philosopher Karl Korsch. Like Ruckhaber, Luserke thought it wrong to make a distinction between mental and physical labour. This led him to call for a „socialist“ ethic of work to replace the bourgeois-idealist one based on this distinction, which only helped to perpetuate the hierarchy of classes. Under socialism people of all walks of life would be taught to work for one another and to accept discipline in order to achieve common goals. Where Luserke chiefly differed from Ruckhaber is in his belief that intellectual work is hardly „work“ at all, but rather intrinsically pleasurable activity and therefore in some sense its own reward. As a result, he was not particularly concerned with improving the remuneration of intellectuals or cutting back on their hours of work. But he did think that workers of the mind needed special conditions if they were to serve society effectively. To make their different treatment acceptable to the majority of workers whose days were spent in hard, routine, labour, it was necessary to adopt the principle of meritocracy: in Luserke's utopia, examinations would be used to select the few needed for intellectual tasks, and these individuals would then be given non-monetary privileges and rewards, including the opportunity to experience joy in work.)
  4. ↑ Herbert Giffei: Martin Luserke – Ein Wegbereiter der modernen Erlebnispädagogik, in: Wegbereiter der modernen Erlebnispädagogik, Vol. 6, Klaus Neubauer Verlag, Lüneburg 1987.
  5. ↑ Mirona Stanescu: Vom Laientheater zur Theaterpädagogik. Ein historischer Werdegang der Theaterpädagogik in Deutschland. In: Neue Didaktik (2011) 1, pp. 11–29.
  6. ↑ Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. 15. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Historische Kommission. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 978-3-428-00196-5, p. 533.
  7. ↑ Ulrich Schwerdt: Martin Luserke (1880–1968). Reformpädagogik im Spannungsfeld von pädagogischer Innovation und kulturkritischer Ideologie. Eine biographische Rekonstruktion. Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1993, ISBN 3-631-46119-4, pp. 209–210, 232–233.
  8. ↑ Luserke, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, Deutsche Biografie.
  9. ↑ Karl Körner: Martin Luserke. In: Meldorfer Hausfreund – Amtliche Zeitung für die Bekanntmachungen der Behörden der Stadt Meldorf und des Meldorfer Wirtschaftsraumes. Vol. 7, No. 35, 3. Mai 1955, p. 1.
  10. ↑ Anneliese Peters: Meldorfer Charakterköpfe – Lebenswege im 20. Jahrhundert. Edition Dithmarscher Landeskunde. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2015, ISBN 978-3-7431-1659-7, p. 65–88.
  11. ↑ Die Lebensfahrt des Martin Luserke, lecture by Prof. Kurt Sydow on the occasion of Martin Luserke's 100st birthday, 3 May 1980 (in German).
  12. ↑ Karsten Kröger: Der Beitrag Martin Luserkes zur reformpädagogischen Bewegung. Erziehungswissenschaftliche Hausarbeit im Rahmen der Lehramtsstaatsprüfung. University of Hamburg, 1984, p. 8.
  13. ↑ D. H. Schortinghuis: Begegnung mit Martin Luserke, Ostfriesland Magazin, Vol. 9 (1993).
  14. ↑ Karsten Kröger: Der Beitrag Martin Luserkes zur reformpädagogischen Bewegung. Erziehungswissenschaftliche Hausarbeit im Rahmen der Lehramtsstaatsprüfung. University of Hamburg, 1984, p. 11.
  15. ↑ Martin Kiessig: Martin Luserke. Gestalt und Werk. Versuch einer Wesensdeutung. Philosophical Dissertation (doctor's thesis), University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag, Berlin 1936, p. 13.
  16. ↑ Prof. Dr. Dr. Jörg W. Ziegenspeck: Martin Luserke – Reformpädagoge – Schriftsteller auf dem Meer und an den Meeresküsten, lecture on the occasion of an Exhibition Launch at Morgenstern-Museum, Bremerhaven, 9 October 1988.
  17. ↑ Prof. Kurt Sydow: Die Lebensfahrt des Martin Luserke, lecture on the occasion of Martin Luserke's 100st birthday, 3 May 1980.
  18. ↑ Jan Herchenröder: Der Geschichtenerzähler von Meldorf – Ein Besuch beim alten Luserke. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 1 (1962), 2. Januar 1962.
  19. ↑ Martin Luserke, Munzinger Archive.
  20. ↑ Prof. Dr. Dr. Jörg W. Ziegenspeck: Martin Luserke – Reformpädagoge – Schriftsteller auf dem Meer und an den Meeresküsten, lecture on the occasion of an Exhibition Launch at Morgenstern-Museum, Bremerhaven, 9 October 1988, University of Marburg.
  21. ↑ Dieter Luserke: Mit meinem Vater Martin Luserke an Bord des guten Schiffes KRAKE-ZK 14, 1988.
  22. ↑ Martin Luserke, Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. 15. Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Historic Committee. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 978-3-428-00196-5, p. 533.
  23. ↑ D. H. Schortinghuis: Begegnung mit Martin Luserke, Ostfriesland Magazin, Vol. 9 (1993).
  24. ↑ Hermann Lietz: Vom Leben und Arbeit eines deutschen Erziehers. Veckenstedt am Harz, 1920, p. 187.
  25. ↑ Erich Meisner: Asketische Erziehung. Hermann Lietz und seine Pädagogik. Beltz, Weinheim 1965, p. 66.
  26. ↑ Elisabeth Kutzer: Lietz und die Jungen. In: Leben und Arbeit, April 1968, pp. 7–28.
  27. ↑ Florian Telsnig: Das Aufbegehren der Jugend gegen die Kriegsbegeisterung ihrer Lehrer: Benjamin – Wyneken, Scholem – Buber, Kraft – Borchardt, Yearbook for European Jewish Literature Studies. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISSN 2196-6249.
  28. ↑ Ralf Koerrenz: Hermann Lietz. Grenzgänger zwischen Theologie und Pädagogik. Peter Lang Verlag der Wissenschaften. Frankfurt am Main 1989. p. 72.
  29. ↑ Matthias Fechner: Es handelt sich darum, das Gute überall zu finden. Eine Studie zur Genese der Waldorfpädagogik Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, info3-magazin.de.
  30. ↑ Ulrich Herrmann: „Obwohl seine Rolle als pädagogischer Erneuerer in engem Zusammenhang mit lebensreformerischen Ansätzen der Jahre 1880 bis 1930 und nicht zuletzt mit der Jugendbewegung zu sehen ist, sind Etikettierungen Wynekens als Erzieher und Lehrer beispielsweise kaum zutreffend“. In: „Zurück zur Natur“ und „Vorwärts zum Geist“. 100 Jahre Wickersdorf. Eine kritische Vergegenwärtigung von Werk und Wirkung Gustav Wynekens (2006), hsozkult.de.
  31. ↑ Gerd Radde (Hrsg.): Schulreform – Kontinuitäten und Brüche. Das Versuchsfeld Berlin-Neukölln. Vol. II: 1945–1972. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-97283-5, p. 176.
  32. ↑ Wilhelm Pieper: Niedersächsische Schulreformen im Luftflottenkommando: von der Niedersächsischen Erziehungsstätte zur IGS Franzsches Feld. Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3781516830, p. 66.
  33. ↑ Martin Luserke: Blut und Liebe, Deutscher Theaterverlag.
  34. ↑ Martin Luserke. Munzinger Archiv.
  35. ↑ Karl Körner: Martin Luserke. In: Meldorfer Hausfreund – Amtliche Zeitung für die Bekanntmachungen der Behörden der Stadt Meldorf und des Meldorfer Wirtschaftsraumes. Vol. 7, No. 35, 3 Mai 1955, p. 1.
  36. ↑ Joan Campbell: Joy in Work, German Work: The National Debate, 1800–1945. Princeton University Press 2014. ISBN 978-1400860371, pp. 126–127. (Citation: "It seemed essential to remind people, that the post-revolutionary society must also meet the needs of the nation's intellectuals. This is what Martin Luserke, a popular novelist and educator, tried to do in an essay on work motivation published in 1919 as part of a series Praktischer Sozialismus („Practical Socialism“) edited by the philosopher Karl Korsch. Like Ruckhaber, Luserke thought it wrong to make a distinction between mental and physical labour. This led him to call for a „socialist“ ethic of work to replace the bourgeois-idealist one based on this distinction, which only helped to perpetuate the hierarchy of classes. Under socialism people of all walks of life would be taught to work for one another and to accept discipline in order to achieve common goals. Where Luserke chiefly differed from Ruckhaber is in his belief that intellectual work is hardly „work“ at all, but rather intrinsically pleasurable activity and therefore in some sense its own reward. As a result, he was not particularly concerned with improving the remuneration of intellectuals or cutting back on their hours of work. But he did think that workers of the mind needed special conditions if they were to serve society effectively. To make their different treatment acceptable to the majority of workers whose days were spent in hard, routine, labour, it was necessary to adopt the principle of meritocracy: in Luserke's utopia, examinations would be used to select the few needed for intellectual tasks, and these individuals would then be given non-monetary privileges and rewards, including the opportunity to experience joy in work.")
  37. ↑ Prof. Dr. Dr. Jörg W. Ziegenspeck: Martin Luserke – Reformpädagoge – Schriftsteller auf dem Meer und an den Meeresküsten, lecture on the occasion of an Exhibition Launch at Morgenstern-Museum, Bremerhaven, 9 October 1988.
  38. ↑ Martin Luserke: Logbook of Schule am Meer. Vol. 1, logfile entry of 28 April 1925.
  39. ↑ Staatskommissar für die Regelung der Wohlfahrtspflege in Preußen: Schule am Meer, Juist – Antrag zur Sammlung von Geldspenden zugunsten eines Hallenbaus zur Verbesserung der kulturellen und sportlichen Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten (in German)
  40. ↑ Martin Luserke: Logbuch der Schule am Meer. Vol. 1, note from 28 April 1925.
  41. ↑ Dieter Luserke: Laudatio zum 25. Todestag von Martin Luserke, 2 October 1993, Ditmarsia of Meldorf, Holstein.
  42. ↑ Walter Killy: Dictionary of German Biography. Vol. 10, Thiebaut – Zycha. De Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-598-23290-X, p. 731.
  43. ↑ Eduard Zuckmayer / Martin Luserke: Herbst-Kantate, swissbib.ch.
  44. ↑ Luserke, Martin, Bruno Jahn: Deutsche biographische Enzyklopädie der Musik. Vol. 2, S – Z. K. G. Saur, München 2003, ISBN 3-598-11586-5, p. 963.
  45. ↑ Eduard Zuckmayer, University of Hamburg.
  46. ↑ Ulrich Schwerdt: Martin Luserke (1880–1968). Reformpädagogik im Spannungsfeld von pädagogischer Innovation und kulturkritischer Ideologie. Eine biographische Rekonstruktion. Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-631-46119-4.
  47. ↑ Cornelia Susanne Anna Godde: Das Laienspiel als reformpädagogisches Element. Die Bedeutung Martin Luserkes für das heutige Bildungswesen. Verlag M. Wehle, Witterschlick/Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-925267-38-7.
  48. ↑ Iris Hellmich: Auf den Spuren des Schriftstellers Martin Luserke, Emder Zeitung, weekly magazine, series: Emder erzählen (Vol. 127), 5 July 1997 (in German)
  49. ↑ D. H. Schortinghuis: Begegnung mit Martin Luserke, Ostfriesland Magazin, Vol. 9 (1993).
  50. ↑ Martin Kiessig: Die alte ZK 14. Zu Besuch auf einer schwimmenden Dichterwerkstatt. In: Martin Luserke. Gestalt und Werk. Versuch einer Wesensdeutung. Philosophische Dissertation (= doctor's thesis), University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag, Berlin 1936 (in German)
  51. ↑ Picture: Martin Luserke, Beate Köstlin (later married as Beate Uhse) and teacher Erne Wehnert aboard Krake
  52. ↑ Beate Uhse: Mit Lust und Liebe – Mein Leben. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main/Berlin 1989. ISBN 3-550-06429-2, pp. 53–55.
  53. ↑ Helga Mittelbauer: NS-Literaturpreise für österreichische Autoren. Eine Dokumentation. Böhlau Verlag, Wien 1994. ISBN 978-3205982043, p. 87.
  54. ↑ Dieter Luserke: Mit meinem Vater Martin Luserke an Bord des guten Schiffes KRAKE-ZK 14 (1988) (in German)
  55. ↑ Edelgard Bühler / Hans-Eugen Bühler: Der Frontbuchhandel 1939–1945: Organisationen, Kompetenzen, Verlage, Bücher – Eine Dokumentation. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2002. ISBN 978-3-1109-3775-6, p. 27.
  56. ↑ Wilhelm Kühlmann (ed.): Killy Literaturlexikon. Vol. 7, Kräm – Marp. De Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-022049-0, p. 575.
  57. ↑ Ernst Klee: Kulturlexikon im Dritten Reich – Wer war was vor und nach 1945. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8, p. 346.
  58. ↑ Die Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule nach 1945 (in German)
  59. ↑ Interview with Martin Luserke, Dr. Reiche, Prof. Otto Haase and Dr. Herbert Giffei about Meldorfer Spielweise, serial radio program Von Binnenland und Waterkant, Norddeutscher Rundfunk 1952, 9:53 mins.
  60. ↑ Peter Lambrecht, Henning Landgraf, Willi Schulz (Hrsg.): Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule 1540 bis 1990 – "Eine gemeine Schole vor de Joget des gantzen Landes". Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co, Heide 1990. ISBN 3-8042-0500-3, pp. 289–295.
  61. ↑ Dr. Karl Körner: Martin Luserke, Würdigung zum 80. Geburtstag, in: Mitteilungsheft der Vereinigung ehemaliger Schüler und der Lehrer der Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule, Doppelheft 19/20 (December 1960), pp. 5–7.
  62. ↑ Interview with Martin Luserke about his Shakespeare work Pan-Apollon-Prospero, Norddeutscher Rundfunk 1955, 5:45 mins.
  63. ↑ Martin Luserke: Pan-Apollon-Prospero. Zur Dramaturgie von Shakespeare-Spielen. Hans Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1957.
  64. ↑ Walter Killy: Literaturlexikon. Vol. 7, Kräm – Marp. Verlag Walter De Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3110220490, pp. 575–576.
  65. ↑ Leopold Klepacki: Schultheater. Theorie und Praxis. Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 978-3830914167, p. 58.
  66. ↑ Luserke, Martin – Mobiliar (in German)
  67. ↑ Die Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule nach 1945 (in German)
  68. ↑ Anneliese Peters: Histourschild – Martin Luserke, in: Mitteilungen, 116 (2010), Vereinigung ehemaliger Schüler und der Lehrer der Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule e. V. (Ed.), Meldorf 2010, pp. 5–6.
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