Medetera
Medetera sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Dolichopodidae
Subfamily: Medeterinae
Tribe: Medeterini
Genus: Medetera
Fischer von Waldheim, 1819[1]
Type species
Medetera carnivora
(= Musca diadema Linnaeus, 1767)
Synonyms[2][3][4]

Medetera is a large genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae.[9][10] It includes about 350 species worldwide.[11] The adults are commonly found resting on vertical surfaces such as tree trunks, on which they have a characteristic vertical upright stance. Because of this stance, they are sometimes known as "woodpecker flies". Medetera adults are predators of soft-bodied arthropods, while the larvae are predators of bark beetle larvae.[2][12][13]

A 2011 phylogenetic analysis of Medetera and related genera found that Medetera is paraphyletic with respect to Dolichophorus, and that Thrypticus is a sister taxon to Medetera + Dolichophorus.[14]

Species

Taxonomy follows Bickel (1985, 1987),[2][12] though some of the species groups are treated as separate genera by other authors.[15]

  • nova species group:
    • Medetera dominicensis Robinson, 1975[16]
    • Medetera nova Van Duzee, 1919
    • Medetera xanthotricha Becker, 1922[17]
    • one undescribed species from Chiapas, Mexico
  • isobellae species group:
    • Medetera isobellae Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera pseudonigripes Robinson, 1975[16]
  • petulca species group:
    • Medetera aeneiventris Van Duzee, 1933[18]
    • Medetera aequalis Van Duzee, 1919[19]
    • Medetera albescens (Parent, 1925)[20]
    • (?)Medetera araneipes (Parent, 1929)[21]
    • Medetera chrysotimiformis Kowarz, 1868
    • Medetera dorycondylus Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera falcata Van Duzee, 1919
    • Medetera flavirostris Negrobov, 1966
    • Medetera leucarista Stackelberg, 1947
    • (?)Medetera perplexa (Becker, 1917) (sometimes a synonym of Acropsilus niger (Loew, 1869))
    • Medetera petulca Wheeler, 1899[22]
    • Medetera physothrix Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera platythrix Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera postminima Steyskal, 1967
    • Medetera potomac Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera prjachinae Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
    • Medetera similis Van Duzee, 1919
    • Medetera vlasovi (Stackelberg, 1937): see Asioligochaetus
    • Medetera walschaertsi Gosseries, 1989 (nom. nov. for Medetera alpina Harmston & Knowlton, 1941)
    • (?)Medetera turkestanica (Stackelberg, 1926)
    • Medetera turkmenorum (Stackelberg, 1937)
    • Medetera utahensis Bickel, 1985
    • Medetera xerophila Wheeler, 1899[22]
    • Medetera zimini Negrobov, 1966
  • aberrans species group (= Saccopheronta Becker, 1914):
    • Medetera aberrans Wheeler, 1899
    • Medetera abrupta Van Duzee, 1919
    • Medetera albitarsis Van Duzee, 1931
    • Medetera amissa Bickel & Kraemer, 2016[13]
    • Medetera amplimanus Van Duzee, 1931
    • Medetera archboldi Robinson, 1975[16]
    • Medetera bella Van Duzee, 1929
    • Medetera caffra Curran, 1927
    • Medetera dilatata Becker, 1922
    • Medetera excavata Becker, 1922
    • Medetera flabellifera Becker, 1922
    • Medetera flavides Negrobov & Thuneberg, 1970
    • Medetera gomwa Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera hirsuticosta (Parent, 1935)
    • Medetera jamaicensis Curran, 1928
    • Medetera johnthomasi Bickel & Arnaud, 2011[23]
    • Medetera kandyensis Naglis & Bickel, 2012[24]
    • Medetera luzonensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera maai Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera metallina Becker, 1922
    • Medetera mindanensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera minor Becker, 1922
    • Medetera montserratensis Runyon, 2020[25]
    • Medetera nigra (Vanschuytbroeck, 1960)
    • Medetera nigrimanus Van Duzee, 1931
    • Medetera nudipes (Becker, 1914)
    • Medetera occidentalis Schiner, 1868
    • Medetera ovata Van Duzee, 1931
    • Medetera pallidicornis Van Duzee, 1929
    • Medetera parvilamellata (Parent, 1938)
    • Medetera pedestris Becker, 1922
    • Medetera peradeniya Naglis & Bickel, 2012[24]
    • Medetera planipes Van Duzee, 1919
    • Medetera platychira De Meijere, 1916
    • Medetera pollinosa Van Duzee, 1929
    • Medetera pulchra (Vanschuytbroeck, 1951)
    • Medetera quinta (Parent, 1936)
    • Medetera scaura Van Duzee, 1929
    • Medetera setosa Parent, 1931
    • Medetera spinulata Parent, 1931
    • Medetera steyskali Robinson, 1975[16]
    • Medetera tarsata Parent, 1931
    • Medetera tritarsa Parent, 1928
    • Medetera varipes Van Duzee, 1929
    • Medetera viridiventris Van Duzee, 1933
    • Medetera vockerothi Bickel, 1985
  • melanesiana species group (= Demetera Grichanov 2011):
    • Medetera demeteri (Grichanov, 1997)
    • Medetera kokodensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera macalpinei Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera malaisei Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera melanesiana Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera morobensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera niuginiensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera rhetheura Bickel, 1987[12]
  • signaticornis-pinicola species group:
  • crassivenis species group:
  • chillcotti species group:
    • Medetera bishopae Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera chillcotti Bickel, 1987[12]
  • australiana species group:
    • Medetera australiana Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera mosmanensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera queenslandensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera wongabelensis Bickel, 1987[12]
  • toxopeusi species group:
    • Medetera cheesmanae Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera gressitti Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera irianensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera papuensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera toxopeusi Parent, 1932)
    • Medetera vivida Becker, 1922[35]
    • Medetera waris Bickel, 1987[12]
  • gracilis species group:
    • Medetera borneensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera gracilis Parent, 1935
    • Medetera penangensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera sandakanensis Bickel, 1987[12]
  • flaviscutellum species group:
    • Medetera athertonensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera bunyensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera colombensis Naglis & Bickel, 2012[24]
    • Medetera dorrigensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera flaviscutellum Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera gingra Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera killertonensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera philippinensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera uda Bickel, 1987[12]
  • salomonis species group (= Medeterella Grichanov 2011):
    • Medetera austrofemoralis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera femoralis Becker, 1922[35]
    • Medetera malayensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera mooneyensis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera nigrohalterata Parent, 1932
    • Medetera olivacea De Meijere, 1916
    • Medetera pospelovi Grichanov, 1997
    • Medetera pseudofemoralis Bickel, 1987[12]
    • Medetera salomonis Parent, 1941

Unsorted:

  • Medetera abnormis Yang & Yang, 1995[36]
  • Medetera adsumpta Becker, 1922[35]
  • Medetera africana Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera albiseta Parent, 1927[32]
  • Medetera albisetosa (Parent, 1925)[20]
  • Medetera alexandri Negrobov, 1979[38]
  • Medetera alpicola Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera altra Parent, 1931[39]
  • Medetera anjudanica Grichanov & Ahmadi, 2017[11]
  • Medetera annulitarsus von Roser, 1840
  • Medetera anus Becker, 1922[17]
  • Medetera arrogans (Parent, 1927)[40]
  • Medetera babelthaup Bickel, 1995
  • Medetera bargusinica Negrobov, 1972
  • Medetera bidentata Negrobov & Golubtsov, 1991
  • Medetera bilineata Frey, 1915
  • Medetera bispinosa Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera brevispina Yang & Saigusa, 2001
  • Medetera brevitarsa Parent, 1927[32]
  • Medetera brunea Negrobov, 1970
  • Medetera bweza Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera caeruleifacies Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera calvinia Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera campestris Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera capensis Curran, 1926
  • Medetera capitiloba Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972[28]
  • Medetera cederholmi Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera chumakovi Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera cimbebasia Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera collarti Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera complicata Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera compressa Yang & Saigusa, 2001
  • Medetera crassicauda Robinson, 1975[16]
  • Medetera curvata Yang & Saigusa, 2000
  • Medetera curvipyga Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera despecta Parent, 1927[32]
  • Medetera dichrocera Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera ealensis Parent, 1936
  • Medetera educata Negrobov, 1979[38]
  • Medetera edwardsi Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera elegantula Meunier, 1907
  • Medetera emeljanovi Negrobov & Naglis, 2015[41]
  • Medetera evenhuisi Yang & Yang, 1995[36]
  • Medetera excipiens Becker, 1922[17]
  • Medetera excisa Parent, 1914
  • Medetera exigua Aldrich, 1902
  • Medetera fasciata Frey, 1915
  • Medetera flammea Meunier, 1907
  • Medetera flavichaeta Naglis, 2013
  • Medetera flavicornis Becker, 1922[17]
  • Medetera flavigena Masunaga & Saigusa, 1998
  • Medetera flaviseta Van Duzee, 1929
  • Medetera flavitarsis Van Duzee, 1930
  • Medetera frauendfeldi Giebel, 1856
  • Medetera galapagensis Bickel & Sinclair, 1997
  • Medetera ghesquierei Grichanov, 1999
  • Medetera glaucella Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera glaucelloides Naglis, 2013
  • Medetera gotohorum Masunaga & Saigusa, 1998
  • Medetera grunini Negrobov, 1966
  • Medetera gussakovskii Negrobov, 1966
  • Medetera hamata Parent, 1936
  • Medetera helvetica Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera hymera Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
  • Medetera insignis Girschner, 1888
  • Medetera iviei Runyon, 2020[25]
  • Medetera jakuta Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
  • Medetera japonica Negrobov, 1970
  • Medetera jugalis Collin, 1941
  • Medetera junensis Bickel, 2013[42]
  • Medetera kaszabi Negrobov, 1970
  • Medetera krivolutskiji Negrobov, 1991
  • Medetera krivosheinae Negrobov, 1968
  • Medetera lamprostomoides Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
  • Medetera lasciva Meunier, 1907
  • Medetera latipennis Negrobov, 1970
  • Medetera londti Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera longa Negrobov & Thuneberg, 1970
  • Medetera longicauda Becker, 1917
  • Medetera longisurstylata Maslova, Negrobov & Obona, 2018[43]
  • Medetera lorea Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera luteipes Masunaga & Saigusa, 1998
  • Medetera lvovskii Grichanov, 1999
  • Medetera maynei Curran, 1925
  • Medetera media Parent, 1925
  • Medetera meridionalis Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera miki Negrobov, 1972
  • Medetera minima De Meijere, 1916
  • Medetera mucronata Negrobov & Golubtzov, 1991
  • Medetera munroi Curran, 1925
  • Medetera muralis Meigen, 1824
  • Medetera murina Becker, 1917
  • Medetera mustela Meunier, 1907
  • Medetera nakamurai Masunaga & Saigusa, 1998
  • Medetera negrobovi Gosseries, 1989
  • Medetera neixiangensis Yang & Saigusa, 1999
  • Medetera nitida (Macquart, 1834)
  • Medetera nocturna Curran, 1927
  • Medetera norlingi Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera normalis Curran, 1924
  • Medetera nubilans Negrobov & Tsurikov, 1991
  • Medetera nudicoxa Becker, 1922[35]
  • Medetera nuwarensis Naglis & Bickel, 2012[24]
  • Medetera obesa Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera olegi Naglis, 2013
  • Medetera oscillans Allen, 1976
  • Medetera otiosa Parent, 1934
  • Medetera pachyneura Meuffels & Grootaert, 2007
  • Medetera pallens Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera pallidior (Stackelberg, 1937)
  • Medetera pallidotiosa Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera parvicornis Santos Abreu, 1929
  • Medetera penicillata Negrobov, 1970
  • Medetera penura Curran, 1926
  • Medetera perfida Parent, 1932
  • Medetera petrophiloides Parent, 1925
  • Medetera plebeia Parent, 1928
  • Medetera polita Parent, 1936
  • Medetera polleti Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera praedator Curran, 1926
    • Medetera praedator aequatorialis Grichanov, 2000
    • Medetera praedator praedator Curran, 1926
  • Medetera pseudotiosa Grichanov, 1999
  • Medetera pulchrifacies Santos Abreu, 1929
  • Medetera rara Negrobov, 1991
  • Medetera rhombomium (Stackelberg, 1937)
  • Medetera rikhterae Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera roghii Rampini & Canzoneri, 1979
  • Medetera rufipes Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
  • Medetera sakhalinensis Negrobov & Naglis, 2015[41]
  • Medetera saxatilis Collin, 1941
  • Medetera seksyaevae Grichanov, 1999
  • Medetera senicula Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera seriata Robinson, 1975[16]
  • Medetera setiventris Thuneberg, 1955
  • Medetera sfax Grichanov, 2010
  • Medetera simplicis Curran, 1924
  • Medetera sphaeropyga Negrobov, 1972
  • Medetera spinigera (Stackelberg, 1937)
  • Medetera stackelbergiana Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera stoltzei Grichanov, 1999
  • Medetera storai Frey, 1936
  • Medetera striata Parent, 1927[32]
  • Medetera subchevi Grichanov, 1997
  • Medetera subviridis Parent, 1939
  • Medetera sutshanica Negrobov & Stackelberg, 1972
  • Medetera sylvestris (Becker, 1908)
  • Medetera tarasovae Negrobov, 1972
  • Medetera ticinensis Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera totolapa Bickel & Kraemer, 2016[13]
  • Medetera tropica Negrobov, 1991
  • Medetera tuberculata Negrobov, 1966
  • Medetera unicolor Becker, 1922[17]
  • Medetera unisetosa (Collin, 1941)
  • Medetera ussuriana Negrobov, 1972
  • Medetera vaalensis Grichanov, 2000[37]
  • Medetera vagans Becker, 1917
  • Medetera valaisensis Naglis & Negrobov, 2014
  • Medetera vana Meunier, 1907
  • Medetera varitibia Parent, 1935
  • Medetera varvara Grichanov & Vikhrev, 2009
  • Medetera verae Negrobov, 1967
  • Medetera viridicolor Becker, 1922[17]
  • Medetera xizangensis Yang, 1999
  • Medetera yangi Zhu, Yang & Masunaga, 2006
  • Medetera yunnanensis Yang & Saigusa, 2001
  • Medetera zhejiangensis Yang & Yang, 1995[36]
  • Medetera zinovjevi Negrobov, 1967

The following species are nomina dubia:[12]

  • Medetera comes Hardy, 1939[44] (type material lost, possibly a member of the australiana group)
  • Medetera extranea Becker, 1922 (type material lost, unplaced to genus)

The following species are synonyms of other species:

  • Medetera afra Curran, 1927:[45] Synonym of Medetera simplicis Curran, 1924
  • Medetera carnivora Fischer von Waldheim, 1819: Synonym of Medetera diadema (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Medetera cilifemorata Van Duzee, 1933: Synonym of Medetera grisescens De Meijere, 1916
  • Medetera collini Thuneberg, 1955: Synonym of Medetera parenti Stackelberg, 1925
  • Medetera cryophora Séguy, 1963: Synonym of Medetera murina Becker, 1917
  • Medetera dendrophila Becker, 1917: Synonym of Medetera pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1843)
  • Medetera hawaiiensis Van Duzee, 1933: Synonym of Medetera grisescens De Meijere, 1916
  • Medetera idahoensis Harmston & Knowlton, 1943: Synonym of Medetera crassivenis Curran, 1928
  • Medetera intermedia Van Duzee, 1928: Synonym of Medetera veles Loew, 1861
  • Medetera lachaisei Couturier, 1986: Synonym of Dolichophorus luteoscutatus (Parent, 1936)[46]
  • Medetera longimana Van Duzee, 1933: Synonym of Medetera californiensis Wheeler, 1899
  • Medetera minuta von Roser, 1840: Synonym of Medetera plumbella Meigen, 1824
  • Medetera nigricans Meigen, 1824: Synonym of Medetera jacula (Fallén, 1823)
  • Medetera nuortevai Thuneberg, 1955: Synonym of Medetera pinicola Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera obsoleta Negrobov & Thuneberg, 1971: Synonym of Medetera aeneiventris Van Duzee, 1933
  • Medetera orbiculata Van Duzee, 1932: Synonym of Medetera apicalis (Zetterstedt, 1843)
  • Medetera palmae Hardy, 1939:[44] Synonym of Medetera grisescens De Meijere, 1916
  • Medetera piceae Ounap, 1997: Synonym of Medetera pinicola Kowarz, 1878
  • Medetera robusta Loew, 1857: Synonym of Medetera obscura (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • Medetera robusta Ounap, 1997: Synonym of Medetera obscura (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • Medetera ruficornis Strobl, 1898: Renamed to Medetera negrobovi Gosseries, 1989
  • Medetera rutilans Parent, 1935: Synonym of Medetera maynei Curran, 1925
  • Medetera sinuata Parent, 1928: Synonym of Coeloglutus concavus Aldrich, 1896[47]
  • Medetera subglauca Becker, 1917: Synonym of Medetera signaticornis Loew, 1857
  • Medetera tertia Becker, 1917: Synonym of Medetera muralis Meigen, 1824
  • Medetera turneri Parent, 1934: Synonym of Medetera caffra (Curran, 1927)
  • Medetera vanschuytbroecki Gosseries, 1989: Synonym of Saccopheronta arnaudi Negrobov, Vanschuytbroeck & Grichanov 1981
  • Medetera wheeleri Foote, Coulson & Robinson, 1965: Synonym of Medetera veles Loew, 1861
  • Medetera zairensis Dyte & Smith, 1980:[48] Synonym of Medetera caffra (Curran, 1927)

The following species have been moved to other genera:[15]

References

  1. Fischer von Waldheim, Johann (1819). "G. 1819. ... une notice sur d'une mouche carnivore, accompagnee d'une planche". Université Impériale, Moscou: 11 pp., 1 pl.
  2. 1 2 3 Bickel, D.J. (1985). "A revision of the Nearctic Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)". Technical Bulletin. United States Department of Agriculture (1692): 1–109. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.309598. ISSN 0082-9811.
  3. Evenhuis, Neal L.; Pont, Adrian C. (2004). "The Diptera Genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot". Zootaxa. 751: 1–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.751.1.1.
  4. Evenhuis, Neal L. (2020). "The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano". Zootaxa. 4859 (3): 383–396. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.4. PMID 33056189. S2CID 222821852.
  5. Meigen, J. W. (1824). "Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten". Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm.: xii + 428 pp.
  6. Haliday, A. H. (1832). "The characters of two new dipterous genera, with indications of some generic subdivisions and several undescribed species of Dolichopodidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 5: 350–368 pl. 15.
  7. Wahlberg, P. F. (1844). "Om Rhaphium flavipalpe". Ofvers K. VetenskAkad. Forh. Stockholm. 1 (3): 37–38.
  8. Mik, Josef (1878). "Dipterologische Untersuchungen". Jahresber. K. K. Akad. Gymnasium: 1–24, 1 pl.
  9. Yang, D.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, M.; Zhang, L. (2006). World Catalog of Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera). Beijing: China Agricultural University Press. pp. 1–704. ISBN 9787811171020.
  10. Negrobov, O.P.; Naglis, S. (2016). "Palaearctic species of the genus Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" (PDF). Zoosystematica Rossica. 25 (2): 333–379. doi:10.31610/zsr/2016.25.2.333.
  11. 1 2 Grichanov, I.Ya.; Ahmadi, A. (2017). "A new species of Medetera Fischer von Waldheim, 1819 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Iran". Far Eastern Entomologist. 339: 12–15. doi:10.25221/fee.339.2.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Bickel, Daniel J. (1987). "A revision of the Oriental and Australian Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. Sydney: Australian Museum. 39 (4): 195–259. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.39.1987.170. ISSN 0067-1975. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 Bickel, D. J.; Kraemer, M. M. S. (2016). "The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Mexican amber". Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 68 (1): 11–21. doi:10.18268/bsgm2016v68n1a3.
  14. Pollet, M.; Germann, C.; Bernasconi, M.V. (2011). "Phylogenetic analyses using molecular markers reveal ecological lineages in Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" (PDF). The Canadian Entomologist. 143 (6): 662–673. doi:10.4039/n11-031. S2CID 85695138.
  15. 1 2 Grichanov, I. Ya. (2011). "Three new genera of Medeterinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Old World Tropics and Australasia" (PDF). Far Eastern Entomologist (225): 1–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robinson, Harold (1975). "Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica. The Family Dolichopodidae with Some Related Antillean and Panamanian Species (Diptera)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 185 (185): 1–141. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.185. hdl:10088/5375.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Becker, Theodor (1922). "Dipterologischen Studien. Dolichopodidae. B. Nearktische und Neotropische Regions". Abhandlungen der Zool.-Botan. Gesellschaft in Wien. 13 (1): 395.
  18. Van Duzee, Millard C. (1933). "Preoccupied names of dolichopodid flies and new names proposed for the species". Entomological News. 44: 151–152.
  19. Van Duzee, Millard C. (1919). "Key to the North American species of dipterous genus Medeterus, with descriptions of new species". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 9. 4 (8): 257–270. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  20. 1 2 Parent, Octave (1925). "Contribution à la faune diptérologique d'Égypte". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Égypte. 9: 153–185.
  21. Parent, Octave (1929). "Contribution à la faune diptérologique d'Égypte Dolichopodidés de la région de Halaib". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Égypte. 13: 42–58.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wheeler, William Morton (1899). "New Species of Dolichopodidae From the United States". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Zoology. Series 3. 2: 1–84, 4 pls. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
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