Mercy-class hospital ship

USNS Mercy in 2012
Class overview
Name	Mercy class
Builders	National Steel and Shipbuilding Company
Operators	United States Navy
Preceded by	Haven-class hospital ship
Built	1974–1976 as San Clemente-class oil tanker
In commission	1986–present
Completed	2
Active	2
General characteristics
Type	Hospital ship
Displacement	69,360 long tons (70,473 t)
Length	894 ft (272 m)
Beam	105 ft 7 in (32.18 m)
Propulsion	Two boilers, two GE turbines, one shaft, 24,500 hp (18 MW)
Speed	17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)
Complement	12 civilian and 58 military during Reduced Operating Status 61 civilian and 1,214 military during Full Operating Status
Time to activate	76 hours
Armament	Multiple crew served machine gun mounts[1] Small arms
Aviation facilities	Helicopter landing deck

The Mercy class of hospital ships are converted San Clemente-class supertankers used by the United States Navy. Originally built in the 1970s by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, they were acquired by the Navy and converted into hospital ships, coming into service in 1986 and 1987.^[2]

Mercy class replaced the Haven-class hospital ships.

The ships are operated by Military Sealift Command and are designed to provide emergency, on-site care for American combatant forces, and also for use in support of disaster relief and humanitarian operations. Each ship contains twelve fully equipped operating rooms, a 1,000-bed hospital facility, radiological services, a medical laboratory, pharmacy, optometry lab, CT scan equipment, and two oxygen-producing plants.^[2]

Ships

Two ships of the class were put into service:

• USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) (ex SS Worth)
• USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)^[3] (ex SS Rose City)

Missions

Stationed in San Diego, California, Mercy primarily operates in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Her inaugural mission in 1987, was a humanitarian cruise to the Philippines and South Pacific. Her first military mission was serving coalition troops in the First Gulf War. The first disaster relief came in the wake of the 2004 tsunami as Operation Unified Assistance. Her latest was in 2013, when she came to the aid of the Philippines, and other nations in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan.

Stationed out of Norfolk, Virginia, Comfort operates primarily in the Caribbean and Latin America. Her first mission was a combat one: serving coalition troops off the coast of Kuwait, during Operation Desert Storm. Her first humanitarian missions both happened in 1994, helping Haitian and Cuban immigrants looking to come to America. In the aftermath of 9/11, Comfort was activated and sent to Manhattan, to provide medical and mental health services. Comfort headed into combat again for Operation Iraqi Freedom. In 2005, she was back saving American citizens following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. In 2010, she undertook another disaster relief mission, in response to an earthquake in Haiti.^[4] In May 2015, Comfort was in Kingston, Jamaica.^[5] Once again in 2017, Comfort was deployed to aid American citizens in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.^[6]

In March 2020, the ships were deployed to aid in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. Both ships were to function as trauma centers at erstwhile-disused cruise ship terminals in San Pedro and Manhattan. This, at that time, would have been expected to have enabled nearby hospitals to have freed up beds for coronavirus patients.^[7][8] On 21 April, Governor Cuomo told President Trump that Comfort was no longer needed in New York. While docked in the city, she treated 182 patients.^[9]

Criticism

The Mercy-class ships' size gives them a substantial radar signature that, combined with lack of manoeuvrability, makes them vulnerable to attack. In theory, this should never occur, as attacking a hospital ship is a war crime under the Hague Convention of 1907, but the ships are left vulnerable to terrorist organizations and other entities that do not follow such established warfare conventions, due to the fact that both ships are outfitted only with defensive weapons. If within a battle fleet they could be vulnerable to missile strikes aimed at the fleet as a whole, and their radar signature could see the ship be confused with troop ships, landing ships, helicopter carriers or become a target for weapons that miss or are decoyed away from combatant ships.

In mid-2004 Vice Admiral Michael L. Cowan, the Surgeon General and chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, said that Comfort and Mercy should be retired. "They're wonderful ships, but they're dinosaurs. They were designed in the '70s, built in the '80s, and frankly, they're obsolete".^[2]

See also

• List of United States Navy hospital ships

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mercy class hospital ships.

External links

• "This is one of two hospital ships in the Mercy class maintained by the U.S. Navy" on YouTube