Selegiline, the prototypical MAE

Monoamine activity enhancers (MAE), also known as catecholaminergic/serotoninergic activity enhancers, are a class neuro-biologically active compounds that enhance the release of monoamines in the nervous system. Monoamine activity enhancers are distinct from monoamine releasing agents in that they do not cause the release of monoamines from synaptic vesicles but rather potentiate impulse-evoked monoamine-release.[1][2] Monoamine activity enhancers increase the number of monoamines released per electrical impulse received.[1][2]

Endogenous monoamine activity enhancers

Monoamine activity enhancers can possess selectivity for enhancing the release of a certain monoamine over others. For example, the endogenous monoamine activity enhancer phenylethylamine (PEA) is roughly 100x more selective for potentiating dopamine release over serotonin release.[3] The monoamine potentiating effects of PEA are distinct from its monoamine releasing properties, which only present at high concentrations.[4] Conversely, another endogenous monoamine activity enhancer, tryptamine, appears to selectively potentiate serotonin release over dopamine release.[1]

Monoamine activity enhancing drugs

The Parkinson's disease drug selegiline (a phenylethylamine derivative) exhibits monoamine activity enhancing effects independent of its MAO inhibiting action.[4]

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of monoamine activity enhancers may be explained by their shared affinities for the trace amine 1 receptor.[1]

List of monoamine activity enhancers

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Shimazu, Seiichiro; Miklya, Ildikó (2004-05-01). "Pharmacological studies with endogenous enhancer substances: β-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, and their synthetic derivatives". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 28 (3): 421–427. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.016. ISSN 0278-5846. PMID 15093948. S2CID 37564231.
  2. 1 2 Bhattacharjee, Monojit; Perumal, Ekambaram (2019-03-01). "Potential plant-derived catecholaminergic activity enhancers for neuropharmacological approaches: A review". Phytomedicine. 55: 148–164. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.07.010. ISSN 0944-7113. PMID 30668425. S2CID 58948967.
  3. 1 2 Nakamura, M.; Ishii, A.; Nakahara, D. (1998-05-22). "Characterization of beta-phenylethylamine-induced monoamine release in rat nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study". European Journal of Pharmacology. 349 (2–3): 163–169. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00191-5. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 9671094.
  4. 1 2 Miklya, I. (November 2016). "The significance of selegiline/(-)-deprenyl after 50 years in research and therapy (1965-2015)". Molecular Psychiatry. 21 (11): 1499–1503. doi:10.1038/mp.2016.127. ISSN 1476-5578. PMID 27480491. S2CID 205202709.
  5. ↑ Magyar, Kálmán; Lengyel, Joseph; Bolehovszky, Andrea; Knoll, Bertha; Miklya, Iidikó; Knoll, Joseph (2002-09-01). "The fate of (−)1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane · HCl, (−)-BPAP, in rats, a potent enhancer of the impulse-evoked release of catecholamines and serotonin in the brain". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 27 (3): 157–161. doi:10.1007/BF03190451. ISSN 2107-0180. PMID 12365195. S2CID 30618267.
  6. ↑ Knoll, J.; Knoll, B.; Török, Z.; Timár, J.; Yasar, S. (1992). "The pharmacology of 1-phenyl-2-propylamino-pentane (PPAP), a deprenyl-derived new spectrum psychostimulant". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. 316: 5–29. ISSN 0003-9780. PMID 1356324.
  7. ↑ Shimazu, Seiichiro; Tanigawa, Akie; Sato, Noriyuki; Yoneda, Fumio; Hayashi, Kyozo; Knoll, Joseph (2003-05-02). "Enhancer substances: Selegiline and R-(–)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane [(–)-BPAP] enhance the neurotrophic factor synthesis on cultured mouse astrocytes". Life Sciences. 72 (24): 2785–2792. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00191-7. ISSN 0024-3205. PMID 12679194.
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