38°0′N 78°25′W / 38.000°N 78.417°W / 38.000; -78.417

Monticello AVA
Wine region
TypeAmerican Viticultural Area
Year established1984[1]
Years of wine industry250[2][3]
CountryUnited States
Part ofVirginia
Other regions in VirginiaMiddleburg AVA, North Fork of Roanoke AVA, Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace AVA, Rocky Knob AVA, Shenandoah Valley AVA, Virginia's Eastern Shore AVA
Growing season220-250 days[4]
Climate regionHumid subtropical/maritime in highlands
Precipitation (annual average)39.4–44.0 inches (1,001–1,118 mm)[3]
Soil conditionsGranite-based clay loam[4]
Total area800,000 acres (1,250 sq mi)[3][5]
106,240 acres (166 sq mi) added in 2019.[4]
Size of planted vineyards450 acres (182 ha)[3]
No. of vineyards28+[3]
Varietals producedCabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Malbec, Merlot, Muscat Canelli, Muscat of Alexandria, Norton, Orange Muscat, Petit Manseng, Petit Verdot, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Sauvignon blanc, Seyval blanc, Syrah, Tannat, Touriga Nacional, Traminette, Vidal blanc, Viognier, Zinfandel[6]
No. of wineries30+[4]

Monticello is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in the central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It was established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) on February 22, 1984 after six wine grape growers in the Charlottesville area petitioned the ATF to designate a viticultural area to be known as “Monticello.” The name "Monticello" is known nationally and locally as the historic home of Thomas Jefferson, located near the center of the area. Monticello AVA includes most of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Orange, and Nelson counties.[7] The area is nestled along the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains and encompasses the small ridge known as the Southwest Mountains. There are approximately 30 varieties of grapes grown in the Monticello AVA. However, the most notable grapes grown in the area include Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay and Viognier. The hardiness zone is 7a except in some higher vineyards which are 6b.[4] In 2019, the Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) granted a petition to expand the AVA by approximately 106,240 acres (166 sq mi) into Fluvanna County.[4]

History

The earliest recorded attempts at winemaking in the area occurred in the 1770s, when Thomas Jefferson provided financial support to Italian winemaker, Philip Mazzei, who made a small quantity of wine from the native grapes, but without much success. Jefferson gave Mazzei significant acreage less than 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Monticello for the purpose of growing grapes. The area was planted in 1774. In 1776, with the advent of the Revolutionary war, Jefferson and George Washington dispatched Mazzei back to Italy to solicit war funding from the Duke of Tuscany.[8] As was the practice at that time, Mazzei rented his home, in this instance to the Hessian cavalry officer Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, a prisoner of war who had been captured at Saratoga and was imprisoned in the Charlottesville barracks. Riedesel moved his entire staff up to Mazzei's home and turned their horses out to pasture in the infant vineyards. The vineyards were destroyed.[9]

Terroir

The geographical features of gaps in the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east causes “rivers of cold air” to flow through corridors that converge east of the Monticello AVA. It is manifested by the tendency of the cool air to sink along the surrounding topography and drain to the surface of the valley floors. This atmospheric phenomenon draws warmer air closer to the ground and reduces the incidence of frost damage. As a result, the climate is favorable to viticulture in Monticello AVA where temperatures are 4 to 5 °F (−16 to −15 °C) warmer than the surrounding areas. The warmer weather produces a longer growing season and protection from vine-freeze which can be fatal to ripening grapes. The season is a minimum of 190-200 day average in the AVA compared to areas further east and south that average 150 days and less.[4] To maximize vine protection, vignerons selected sites with sunny, south-easterly exposure at 800 feet (244 m) and above between the mountain slopes.[10]

References

  1. ↑ "§ 9.48 Monticello" (Title 27: Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; Part 9 — American Viticultural Areas; Subpart C — Approved American Viticultural Areas). Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). January 23, 1984. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  2. ↑ "The Vineyards". Monticello.org. Thomas Jefferson Foundation.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Monticello Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 (T.D. ATF-164; Ref: Notice No. 399 and No.434], Final rule). Federal Register, Rules and Regulations. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury. 49 (15): 2757–2758. January 23, 1984.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Expansion of the Monticello Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9, 83 FR 64272, Docket No.: TTB-2018-0004, T.D. TTB-154, Ref Notice No. 173, Doc#: 2018-27125). Federal Register. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB): 64272–64274. December 14, 2018.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ↑ "American Viticultural Areas by State". Wine Institute. 2008. Archived from the original on January 27, 2008.
  6. ↑ "Monticello (AVA): Appellation Profile". Appellation America. 2007. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  7. ↑ McKenzie, Bryan (December 25, 2018). "Monticello wine region expanding into Fluvanna". The Daily Progress.
  8. ↑ Bowman, Rebecca (1997). "Philip Mazzei". The Jefferson Monticello.
  9. ↑ "History". Monticello Wine Trail.
  10. ↑ "Monticello Wine". Wine-Searcher. 2020.
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