Moria
PLATO Moria's splash screen
Developer(s)Kevet Duncombe
Jim Battin
Platform(s)Mainframe computer (PLATO)
Release1975 or 1976
Genre(s)Role-playing video game
Mode(s)Multiplayer

Moria is a dungeon crawl style role-playing video game developed for the PLATO system beginning around 1975 by Kevet Duncombe and Jim Battin. In the game, up to ten players can simultaneously journey through a dynamically-generated dungeon, presented to the players in first-person wireframe 3D.

Some Moria players preferred to "role-play" as their fantasy personas[1] instead of merely playing the game.

Gameplay

Screenshot of gameplay, running in the CYBIS system

Moria allows parties of up to ten players to travel as a group and message each other, dynamically generating dungeons (instead of pre-computing them), and featuring a wireframe first-person perspective display.

Development

Moria was developed by Kevet Duncombe and Jim Battin beginning in either 1975 or 1976.[2][3][4][5][lower-alpha 1] The game was later given a copyright date of 1978.[2] It was initially begun as a top-down two-dimensional dungeon crawl game, inspired by contemporary PLATO game Dnd, which was developed beginning in 1975, and others such as Orthanc (1978).[3][4] Moria was one of several Dungeons & Dragons-inspired games on the PLATO network developed in the late 1970s.[2] Although both developers had played other games based on works by J. R. R. Tolkien or Dungeons & Dragons, Duncombe had never read or played either.[6] During development, Battin suggested converting the game into a 3D game, inspired by other early 3D PLATO games such as Panther, Spasim, and Airfight.[3] The name Moria was suggested by Dnd developer Dirk Pellett.[6]

An update was made to the game in 1984, with the copyright date changed to match.[2] Moria, like all other PLATO programs, was originally monochrome. In an effort to "modernize" the lessons, color was added by an intern in 1994 at University Online after the CYBIS system and its content was sold to them. CYBIS (short for CYber-Based Instruction System) was the new name for PLATO after CDC sold the trademark to The Roach Organization in 1989.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Many sources such as books of video game history have noted the game's development as starting in 1975,[2][5] however, The Friendly Orange Glow states it was 1976, based on a 1997 interview by the author with Duncombe.[4] Duncombe has also claimed in a 2016 interview that the first version was written "around 1975 or 1976".[3]

Sources

  1. ↑ Hosch, William L.; Tikkanen, Amy; Lowood, Henry E. (2023-05-09). "Virtual reality - Living in virtual worlds". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Barton, Matt; Stacks, Shane (2019). Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-1-138-57464-9.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Kevet Duncombe on Moria". Spillhistorie.no. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 Dear, Brian (2018). The Friendly Orange Glow: The Untold Story of the Rise of Cyberculture. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 288–291. ISBN 978-1-101-97363-9.
  5. 1 2 Wolf, Mark J. P. (2012). Before the Crash: Early Video Game History. Wayne State University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-8143-3722-6.
  6. 1 2 Schuller, Dan. "Moria". Archived from the original on 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
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