 | |
| Type | Government-owned corporation |
|---|---|
| Industry | Mass media Entertainment |
| Founded | 14 February 1982 |
Area served | Sri Lanka |
Key people | Titus Thotawatte Rosmand Senaratne Mayura Samarasinghe |
| Revenue |  Rs 1.951 billion (2015)[1] |
 Rs −338.9 million (2015)[1] | |
| Rs −371.7 million (2015)[1] | |
| Total assets |  Rs 1.985 billion (2015)[1] |
| Total equity | Rs 1.219 billion (2015)[1] |
Number of employees | 1,030 (2015)[1] |
| Parent | Ministry of Information and Mass Media |
| Subsidiaries | Channel Eye Nethra TV NTV |
| Website | www |
The Sri Lanka Rūpavāhinī Corporation (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා රූපවාහිනී සංස්ථාව; Tamil: இலங்கை ரூபவாகினி கூட்டுத்தாபனம்), also known as Jathika Rupavahini (lit. National Television) or simply as Rupavahini, is the national television network of Sri Lanka.
Established by Parliament under Act No. 6 of 1982 for the provision of national television service, it produces and broadcasts programmes in three languages. Distinguished civil servant M.J Perera was the founder and chairman of Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation.
SLRC is the largest television broadcaster in Sri Lanka and has an island-wide reception of its channels. SLRC broadcasts its channels in both VHF and UHF frequencies in Sri Lanka. Currently, all of the network's services are only available by analog transmission. But there are plans to upgrade to digital broadcasting. From 2011 Kokavil began to broadcast in DVB-T2 for the North area in Sri Lanka. There were plans to transmit DVB-T2 digital television all over the country in 2015. By 2021, however, the government had switched to a plan to use ISDB-T after receiving aid from the Japanese foreign ministry.[2]
History
Rūpavāhinī was created under a government act on January 23, 1982, and established on February 14 the same year. Rupavahini began broadcasting on February 15, 1982, one day after it was established, with an opening speech from J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lanka's president at the time. Funding was donated by the Japanese government. Both transmitters were built and installed by Japanese technicians.[3]
In 1986, Rupavahini expanded its facilities and, in 1998, rehabilitated most of the original equipment using digital technology under three grant aid projects from the Government of Japan. Its studio complex is in Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. The complex comprises a master control room, four studios, two dubbing studios, a digital post-production unit, two analogue post-production units, several editing suites including non-linear editing, and four outside broadcast vehicles. 'Rupavahini 2' launched in April 1999 before it changed its name to the current 'Channel Eye' in August 2000.
On January 1, 2008, Channel Eye became a time-shared channel, altering with the newly created Nethra TV. In 2009, series of Rupavahini productions available in DVD and VCD formats under the title "RU Entertainments".[4] Rupavahini is the first Sri Lankan channel to telecast foreign teledramas. The most popular of them was Oshin, which was a Japanese teledrama dubbed in Sinhala. Also, the channel telecast the first Korean drama to air in the country called Sujatha Diyani also known as Dae Jang Geum, in November 2012. Which is another popular drama where it led to the foundation of other Korean historical dramas to air and be dubbed in Sinhala as well.
In December 2014, the main channel was made available via satellite to Europe (via Eutelsat 70B), prompting the channel to temporarily go 24/7 (still doing the formal start and end of transmission routines) to alleviate time zone differences. Due to unknown reasons, the channel was removed. The channel now starts up shortly before 04:00 IST and closes down shortly after midnight.
On 22 February 2022, Rupavahini changed its logo by changing its shape and removing the Tamil and English names of the network, leaving only the name in the predominant Sinhala language, therefore making it monolingual. The change was later reverted in October as the new logo was described by activists as "divisive".[5] As anti-government protests intensify and after protesters stormed the headquarters of the network, Rupavahini temporarily ceased operations shortly after playing the national anthem on 13 July 2022.[6][7]
Channels
Currently, the SLRC operates three channels.
- Rupavahini is the main channel, in Sinhala. It transmits on a 20-hour schedule and features news, teledramas, educational programming, discussion shows, and imported programming.
- Channel Eye is the English language and sports channel. The channel's name is derived from its three focal points: Education, Youth, and Entertainment. The channel airs a wide range of original productions and sporting events. In the first years of Channel Eye, it telecast documentaries of Discovery Channel and international and local sport programs, mainly cricket, volleyball, and motorcar racing. Channel Eye became the official TV broadcaster for five Cricket World Cup tournaments: 1996, 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015.
- Nethra TV (nethra is Tamil for "eye") is the Tamil language channel started in 2008. Initially, it was broadcast on Channel Eye's frequencies between 07:30 and 21:00. Since February 20, 2018, it has had its frequencies separate from Channel Eye. The channel focuses on Tamil culture and customs with original and acquired programming, including Tamil serials. It also airs an amount of religious programming, especially aimed at religious minorities.
- Between 2009 and 2015, a fourth channel, NTV, was operated by the corporation. It aired contents entirely in English and was known to be a "worthless" channel upon its launch by critics. Eventually, NTV was shut down owing to low ratings.[8]
Rupavahini transmitters
All transmitters are in analog.
| City | Channel |
|---|---|
| Pidurutalagala | 5 |
| Namunukula | 10 |
| Rajagiriya | 52 |
| Padagala | 52 |
| Hanthana | 10 |
| Deniyaya | 41 |
| Sooriyakanda | 11 |
| Namunukula | 10 |
| Primrose | 38 |
| Hunnasgiriya | 46 |
| Palaly | 21 |
| Kokavil | 43 |
Test card
From its launch in 1982 to the conversion to HD in November 2022, Rupavahini has used a slightly modified version of the German Telefunken FuBK colour test card during non-broadcast hours. The pink and purple bars are solid and the text (RUPAVAHINI-SRI LANKA) is set to half-width.[9]
Management and funding
Rupavahini is an autonomous corporation run by a chairman, director-general, and a board of directors appointed by the president.
Until 1998, Rupavahini was funded by a licence fee system: every television owner with at least VHF reception had to pay the government a yearly fee. After a parliament act, the licence fee was scrapped and the funding of Rupavahini was changed to a system of government grants supplemented with TV advertising.
Logo and branding
Rupavahini's logo is a hill mynah carrying a message in gold on a red TV screen. Until 2022, the channel's name in Sinhala (රූපවාහිනී), Tamil (ரூபவாகினி), and a transliteration of Sinhala, with macrons (RŪPAVĀHINĪ). The leaf was incorporated into NTV's previous symbol and is incorporated into trophies held at award shows organized by the corporation, the Ape Gamana logo, and the SLRC's news operation.
At start-up, a slide (static until the conversion to widescreen) with the Rupavahini logo appears, accompanied by an instrumental rendition of Kawurudo ara Kawuluwen by singer-songwriter Sanath Nandasiri.[10] The bird appears towards the end of the channel's nightly end of transmission sequence, flying past the transmitter at Rupavahini's headquarters. The sequence is followed by the national anthem.[11]
On February 24, 2022, coinciding with changes to Rupavahini News, the channel changed its logo for the first time, the bird was kept intact but the screen was replaced by a rounded rectangle. The Tamil and English forms of the name were removed. There was some criticism on social media over the decision.[12]
Controversy
In 2007, then government minister Mervyn Silva and his bodyguards stormed the Rupavahini and attacked the news director. Employees then attacked the minister back. [13]
On 13 July 2022 a few protesters that claimed to be leaders of 2022 Sri Lankan protests, entered the premises and demanded for all scheduled programmes to be stopped and only content related to the then ongoing protest to be broadcast. The channel was off air for a short period during the time of the incident. Later on the same day two of the protesters were allowed to express their opinions on a live breaking news-themed programme.[14] At 1:31pm the channel was temporarily taken off the air and did an improvised closedown, by playing the usual routine: the Rupavahini ID, the nightly end of transmission video and the national anthem.[15]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Parliament of Sri Lanka. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ↑ Munasinghe, Jayasiri (28 December 2012). "Massive digitalization project to transform Lankan television begins today". Daily News. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ↑ "Colour TV comes to Sri Lanka". The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB). 6 April 1982. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ↑ "'Ru Entertainment'; Rupavahini creations in DVDs". Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ↑ "Rupavahini changes logo yet again". Asian Mirror. 7 October 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ↑ Rodrigues, Jeanette; Sirimanne, Asantha (13 July 2022). "Sri Lanka Protesters Seize State Broadcaster as Anger Grows". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "Sri Lanka's national TV network SLRC goes off air as protests intensify". Firstpost. 13 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "Playing TV - "Prime TV" and "N TV"". TV & Radio Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ↑ "Rupavahini (Sri Lanka) start-up (27/03/2020) Bug)". Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
- ↑ "Sanath Nandasiri - කවුරුදෝ අර කවුළුවෙන් (Instrumental version from SLRC Test Card)". Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
- ↑ "Rupavahini (Close Down & Start Up 3-6-12)". Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
- ↑ "Rupavahini changes trilingual logo into monolingual". Lanka News Web. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ↑ "Employees beat back politician's assault on Sri Lankan TV office". CBC News. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
- ↑ "Newslaundy - reader supported independent news media company". Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ↑ "Last few minutes of the Rupavahini broadcast. At 1:30pm the program was interuped which followed with the station ID and to the National anthem. After which the station went offline. We can rewind and watch via PEOTV or the VIU app #aragalaya #SriLankaProtests". twitter.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2023.