Nanke (Fujiwara)

Fujiwara Nanke 藤原南家
Mon: Sagarifuji
Home province	Yamato Province, Yamashiro Province
Parent house	Fujiwara clan
Titles	Various
Founder	Fujiwara no Muchimaro
Founding year	8th century
Cadet branches	Kudō Itō Nikaidō Sagara Kikkawa Numerous others

The Nanke (藤原南家, Fujiwara Nanke, lit. southern house of Fujiwara) was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara clan. It was founded by Fujiwara no Muchimaro.^[1] Muchimaro had three brothers: Fusasaki, Maro and Umakai. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.^[2]

The name Nanke ("southern house") comes from the fact that Muchimaro's mansion was located south of the mansion of his younger brother. The Nanke served in the imperial court, but many of Fujiwara no Tamenori's descendants later became samurai families such as Itō, Nikaidō, Sagara and Kudō.^[3]

Nara period

The founder of Fujiwara Nanke, Fujiwara no Muchimaro, was the eldest son of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Shortly after the beginning of Nara period, Muchimaro became the head of Ministry of Civil Services in 718. When Fuhito died in 720, Prince Nagaya was at the highest rank in the state government. Prince Nagaya was grandson of Emperor Tenmu, but not a son of Fujiwara family, he was therefore seen as a threat by Muchimaro and his three brothers. After successfully removing Prince Nagaya in 729, Muchimaro rose to Dainagon, "Counselor of the first rank". In 734, he was promoted to Udaijin or "Minister of the Right", and in 737, he was made Sadaijin or "Minister of the Left".^[4]

Nanke further prospered in the Nara period as Nakamaro, the second son of Muchimaro, gained the trust of Empress Kōken and was given the name Emi no Oshikatsu.^[5]

Tachibana no Naramaro, who was unhappy about Nakamaro's monopolization of power, plotted a conspiracy to replace Nakamaro and to overthrow the Empress, but Nakamaro settled the rebellion and established dictatorship. However, Nakamaro was killed during Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion after he attempted to overthrow the Imperial Family and become the emperor, after which Hokke replaced Nanke as the leading house of Fujiwara.^[5]

Notable members

Family tree

Fujiwara family tree

Kamatari^[6]
614–669

Fuhito^[7]
659–720

NANKE branch

HOKKE branch

SHIKIKE branch

KYŌKE branch

Muchimaro^[7]
680–737

Fusasaki^[7]
681–737

Umakai^[7]
694–737

Maro^[7]
695–737

Toyonari^[8]
704–766

Nakamaro^[8]
706–764

Otomaro^[9]

Nagate^[10]
714–771

Matate^[9]
715–766

Uona^[11]
721–783

Kaedemaro^[12]
723–776

Yoshitsugu^[13]
716–777

Tamaro^[14]
722–783

Momokawa^[15]
732–779

Hamanari^[16]
724–790

Tsuginawa^[17]
727–796

Korekimi^[18]
727–789

Uchimaro^[19]
756–812

Sonohito^[17]
756–819

Otsugu^[17]
774–843

Fuyutsugu^[20]
775–826

Nagara^[6]
802–826

Yoshifusa^[6]
804–872

Yoshiyo^[21]
823–900

Mototsune^[22]
836–891

Tokihira^[23]^[17]
871–909

Tadahira^[17]
880–949

Saneyori^[17]
900–970

Morosuke^[17]
909–960

Yoritada^[24]
924–989

Koretada^[17]
924–972

Yoritada^[17]^[25]
925–977

Kaneie^[17]^[24]
929–990

Michitaka^[26]^[27]
953–995

Michikane^[27]
961–995

Michinaga^[28]
966–1028

Yorimichi^[29]^[30]
992–1074

Norimichi^[31]
996–1075

Morozane^[32]
1042–1101

Moromichi^[33]
1062–1099

Tadazane^[34]
1075–1162

Tadamichi^[35]
1097–1164

Yorinaga^[36]
1120–1156

Konoe
Family

Matsudono
Family

Kujō
Family

Konoe Motozane^[37]
1143–1166

Matsudono Motofusa^[38]
1144?–1231

Kujō Kanezane^[35]
1149–1207

Konoe Motomichi^[21]^[39]
1160–1233

Matsudono Moroie^[38]
1172–1238

Kujō Yoshitsune^[40]
1169–1206

Konoe Iezane^[39]
1179–1242

Kujō Michiie^[40]
1193–1252

Takatsukasa
Family

Nijō
Family

Ichijō
Family

Konoe Kanetsune^[41]
1210–1259

Takatsukasa Kanehira^[42]
1228–1294

Kujō Norizane^[43]
1211–1235

Nijō Yoshizane^[44]
1216–1271

Ichijō Sanetsune^[45]
1223–1284

Notes

In the 13th century, the main line of the Fujiwara family split into "Five regent houses": the Kujō, Nijō and Ichijō (descendants of Kanezane); and also the Konoe and Takatsukasa (descendants of Motozane). To view the complete family tree, visit Fujiwara family tree.

↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric et al. (2005). "Fujiwara no Muchimaro" at Japan Encyclopedia, p. 207, p. 207, at Google Books.
↑ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
↑ Kuroita, Katsumi (1968). Kokushi Daikei Henshukai (國史大系編修會). Japan: Yoshikawa Koubunkan. ISBN 4642003622.
↑ My Pedia. Japan: Heibonsha. 1995. Fujiwara no Muchimaro. ISBN 9784582096316.
1 2 Gibney, Frank (1995). Britannica International Encyclopaedia. TBS-BRITANNICA. Nanke. OCLC 55231838.
1 2 3 Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
1 2 3 4 5 Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
1 2 Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
1 2 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
↑ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
↑ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
↑ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
↑ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
↑ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
↑ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
↑ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
↑ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
1 2 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
↑ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
↑ 日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
1 2 Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
↑ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
↑ Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1 2 Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
↑ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
↑ Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
↑ Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
↑ Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
↑ "卷之一百四十二列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
↑ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
1 2 Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
↑ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
↑ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
1 2 Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
1 2 "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
1 2 "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
↑ "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
↑ Jinson [in Japanese]. 大乗院日記目録.
↑ "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
↑ ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
↑ ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.

Notes

References

Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

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Nara period

Notable members

Family tree

See also

Notes

References