National Park Waimarino (Māori)
Village
National Park Railway Station
Coordinates: 39°10′25″S 175°23′50″E / 39.17361°S 175.39722°E / -39.17361; 175.39722
Country	New Zealand
Region	Manawatū-Whanganui
District	Ruapehu District
Ward	Ruapehu General Ward Ruapehu Māori Ward
Community	Ōwhango-National Park Community
Named for	Proximity to Tongariro National Park
Electorates	Rangitīkei Te Tai Hauāuru (Māori)
Government
• Territorial Authority	Ruapehu District Council
• Regional council	Horizons Regional Council
Area [1]
• Total	0.89 km2 (0.34 sq mi)
Population  (June 2023)[2]
• Total	230
• Density	260/km2 (670/sq mi)
Postcode	3948
Area code	07

National Park is a small town on the North Island Central Plateau in New Zealand. Also known as National Park Village, it is the highest urban township in New Zealand, at 825 metres. The village has great views of Mount Tongariro, Mount Ngauruhoe (Mount Doom in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy), and Mount Ruapehu.

Toponymy

Originally the town was known as Waimarino (calm waters). In 1926, the New Zealand Railways renamed the railway station as National Park. This was to avoid confusion with other Waimarino entities, and also the name had come into common usage from its location close to Tongariro National Park. This change has since been confusing, as there are many National Parks in New Zealand. Its name derives from

In 2023 the Uenuku iwi and Te Korowai o Wainuiārua proposed renaming National Park to its original name, Waimarino. The proposal also included changing the name of National Park railway station to Waimarino railway station. The New Zealand Geographic Board supported this move, and started a consultation period on 7 November. By 8 December, they had received over 180 submissions for the two changes. The consultation period will end in February 2024.^[3]

History

The opening of the Main Trunk line in 1908 created a vast opportunity to log and mill the large trees in the native forests, with 30 saw mills and associated bush tramways established in the National Park area alone. With the arrival of caterpillar tractors in the 1930s the extraction process was accelerated with National Park station having one of the greatest throughputs of timber in New Zealand. Today Tongariro Timber is the last surviving mill operating at National Park.

In the 1960s, National Park became the railhead for all the heavy equipment and machinery for the Tongariro Power Scheme development with local pumice roads substantially upgraded to take the heavy traffic.

Geography

Governance

The town is administered by the Ruapehu District Council. One councillor is elected for the National Park Ward,^[5] and there is a National Park Community Board.^[6] On a national level, National Park is part of the Rangitīkei general electorate and the Te Tai Hauāuru Māori electorate.^[7]

Demographics

National Park is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 0.89 km² (0.34 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 230 as of June 2023,^[2] with a population density of 258 people per km². It is part of the larger National Park statistical area.^[1]

National Park settlement had a population of 213 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 39 people (22.4%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 27 people (−11.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 84 households, comprising 111 males and 99 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.12 males per female. The median age was 36.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 39 people (18.3%) aged under 15 years, 36 (16.9%) aged 15 to 29, 117 (54.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 21 (9.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 77.5% European/Pākehā, 25.4% Māori, 1.4% Pacific peoples, 7.0% Asian, and 2.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.3% had no religion, 28.2% were Christian, 5.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.8% were Hindu, 1.4% were Buddhist and 1.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 36 (20.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 27 (15.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $29,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 15 people (8.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 108 (62.1%) people were employed full-time, 24 (13.8%) were part-time, and 6 (3.4%) were unemployed.^[8]

Economy

Tourism is its main industry, with 1,500 visitor beds in commercial accommodation and private chalets. In the summer the village is a popular base for Tongariro and Whanganui National Park for hiking, biking and kayaking. Transport leaves National Park Village daily (weather permitting) for the Tongariro Alpine Crossing, known as the best one day alpine trek in New Zealand.

Transport

KiwiRail's Northern Explorer scheduled passenger service stops at the National Park Railway Station on its journey between Auckland and Wellington. There is a licensed cafe on the platform. To the northwest of the town, the railway track performs the convoluted dance that is the Raurimu Spiral, one of New Zealand's most impressive feats of engineering.

Education

National Park School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,^[11] with a roll of 43 as of April 2023.^[12] The school opened in 1925 as Waimarino School and became National Park School in 1954.^[13] Its fortunes have fluctuated with the cycles of activity in the area. Today, it is thriving with a more stable population and the establishment of its Ski Elite programme whereby pupils take can up residence in the village for the winter combining studies with skiing and snowboarding development programmes.

References

Media related to National Park, New Zealand at Wikimedia Commons