Sablinsky Ridge, Yugyd Va National Park, on the west slope of the Northern Ural Mountains

There are currently 64 national parks in Russia. Together they cover approximately 155,672 square kilometers (60,105 sq mi).

Overview

Map of national parks in Russia

Until the 1960s only nature reserves (zapovedniks) and zakazniks existed in the Soviet Union, so international experience in creating a form of protected areas intended for tourists to relax and teach them to take care of nature was very important. In 1961, Soviet geographers, headed by Innokenti Gerasimov, director of the Institute of Geography, USSR Academy of Sciences, visited the United States. This trip was an introduction to the USA experience in environmental protection and Soviet scientists visited the Yellowstone National Park and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

After the trip, Innokenti Gerasimov returned to the idea of creating nature parks in the USSR, in 1965 he proposed the creation of a Baikal nature park. A similar natural park was also designed in the Lake Seliger area on the Valdai Hills. In 1966, the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda published an article by Innokenti Gerasimov and Vladimir Preobrazhensky, which discussed the need to create a system of natural parks in the USSR. Natural parks were not just thought of as places for tourists to relax, but also as places to protect animals and plants in areas that park tourists would not be allowed to visit without a guide.[1]

The oldest parks in Russia are Sochinsky and Losiny Ostrov (1983); Samarskaya Luka (1984); Mariy Chodra (1985); Bashkiriya, Prielbrusye, Pribaykalsky, and Zabaykalsky (1986).[2]

According to the law on the protected areas of Russia, national parks are areas of land and water devoted to nature protection, ecological education, and scientific research. They contain sites of particular ecological, historical and aesthetic value. Regulated tourism is permitted.[3][4] The area of each park is divided into zones according to various functions. There should be a strictly protected area managed as a zapovednik, and also recreational and buffer zones in which economic activity is allowed, such as tourism, traditional land use, and benign forms of agriculture and forestry. The strictly protected function is sometimes fulfilled by a neighbouring official zapovednik; for instance, Barguzin Zapovednik adjoins Zabaykalsky National Park on the east side of Lake Baikal.[4] In 2001 Vodlozersky National Park received UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status, followed by Smolenskoye Poozerye and Ugra National Park in 2002, and two others (Valdaysky and Kenozersky) in 2004.

The national parks are currently the responsibility of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia).[4]

List of national parks of Russia

Name Photo Location Created Park URL Area Description
Alaniya Mountain peak and glacial valley, Alaniya NP
1998 Ала́ния 54,926 hectares (212.1 sq mi) Alaniya lies on the north slope of the central Caucasus Mountains. The park includes the 13 km long Karaugom Glacier, the deep forest valley of the Urukh River, and steppe grasslands. Archaeological ruins dot the park, from the Bronze Age Koban culture to the medieval Alan people. The host Republic of North Ossetia-Alania takes its name from the Alans.[5]
Alkhanay Temple Gate rock formation, Alkhanay NP Zabaykalsky Krai 50°50′N 113°25′E / 50.833°N 113.417°E / 50.833; 113.417 (Alkhanay) 1999 Алханай 138,234 hectares (533.7 sq mi) Sacred to the indigenous Buryat people, as well as modern Buddhists, Mt. Alkhanai is the central focus of the park. (The Dalai Lama has made two unofficial visits). The surroundings are a prime example of "Daurian forest steppe", in the transition zone between the Siberian taiga to the north, and the Mongolian steppe just to the south.[6]
Anyuysky Anyuysky NP Khabarovsk Krai 49°26′N 136°33′E / 49.433°N 136.550°E / 49.433; 136.550 (Anyuysky) 1999 Анюйский 429,370 hectares (1,657.8 sq mi) The park is important because it creates an ecological corridor - from the low floodplain habitat of the Amur River, up through the forested Anyuy River basin, to the high levels of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range in the Russian Far East. The local indigenous people are the Nanai people, traditionally a fishing and hunting culture.[7]
Bashkiriya Bashkortostan 53°03′N 56°32′E / 53.050°N 56.533°E / 53.050; 56.533 (Bashkiriya) 1986 Башкирия Archived 2008-12-01 at the Wayback Machine 92,000 hectares (355.2 sq mi) Bashkiriya covers a large contiguous forest and network of dissected river valleys on the southern end of the Ural mountains. The park is a buffer between the industrialized flat lands to the west, and the mountainous and sparsely-populated Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve and Allyn-Solok ("Golden Bee Tree") entomological reserve to the east.[8]
Beringia Beringia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 64°22′N 173°18′E / 64.367°N 173.300°E / 64.367; 173.300 (Beringia) 2013 Берингия 3,053,233 hectares (11,788.6 sq mi) Until 11,000 BCE, the Beringia "land bridge" allowed humans to pass between Asia and North America. Russia's Beringia National Park is the western side of what is now the Bering Strait, with the US Bering Land Bridge National Preserve in Alaska on the eastern side.[9]
Bikin Bikin Primorsky Krai 46°40′N 136°00′E / 46.667°N 136.000°E / 46.667; 136.000 (Bikin) 2015 Бикин 1,160,500 hectares (4,480.7 sq mi) Created Nov. 3, 2015, Bikin National Park protects the largest remaining old-growth mixed forest in the Northern Hemisphere, as well as the territory of 10% of all Amur tigers in the wild. The park also protects the forest culture of the 600 indigenous inhabitants that remain in the Bikin River basin, the Udeghes and Nanai people.[10]
Buzuluksky Bor A river in the wood Samara Oblast / Orenburg Oblast 53°00′N 52°7′E / 53.000°N 52.117°E / 53.000; 52.117 (Buzuluksky) 2007 Бузулукский бор 106,000 hectares (409.3 sq mi) Buzuluksky Bor is the largest grove of isolated high pine trees in the world. Surrounded by a sea of steppes on the Eastern Russian Plain between the Volga River (west) and the southern Ural Mountains (to the east), the park is the sandy remains of what was once a river delta into the Caspian Sea. There is oil underneath Buzuluksky, adding pressure to the site.[11]
Chuvash Forest Map with borders of Chavash Vermane Bor NP Chuvashia 54°45′N 47°08′E / 54.750°N 47.133°E / 54.750; 47.133 (Chavash Varmane Bor) 1993 Чаваш Вармане 25,200 hectares (97.3 sq mi) The Chuvash Forest is a large contiguous (unbroken) forest in the middle Volga River region. The park was created to serve the dual purpose of preserving biological diversity and the protection of a site representative of the Chuvash people.[12]
Chikoy Chikoy NP Zabaykalsky Krai 49°46′N 110°18′E / 49.767°N 110.300°E / 49.767; 110.300 (Chikoy) 2014 Чикой 666,468 hectares (2,573.2 sq mi)) The park is at the headwaters of the Chikoy River, which flows west into the Selenga River and Lake Baikal, 250 miles to the northwest. It is in the transition zone between the Siberian taiga to the north and Mongolian steppe to the south.[13]
Crimean Crimean NP Crimea 44°40′N 34°21′E / 44.667°N 34.350°E / 44.667; 34.350 (Crimean) 2018 Крымский 34,563 hectares (133.4 sq mi))
Curonian Spit Kurshskaya Kosa NP Kaliningrad Oblast55°08′N 20°48′E / 55.133°N 20.800°E / 55.133; 20.800 (Kurshskaya Kosa) 1987 Куршская коса 6,621 hectares (25.6 sq mi) The Curonian Spit is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast. Its southern portion lies within Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia and its northern within southwestern Lithuania. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by the two countries.[14]
Gydansky Gydansky NP Tyumen Oblast 71°50′N 78°12′E / 71.833°N 78.200°E / 71.833; 78.200 (Gydansky) 2019 Гыданский 878,174 hectares (3,390.6 sq mi)
Kalevalsky Kalevalsky NP Republic of Karelia 64°59′N 30°13′E / 64.983°N 30.217°E / 64.983; 30.217 (Kalevalsky) 2007 Калевальский 74,400 hectares (287.3 sq mi) The Kalevalsky pine forest covers one of the last, large old-growth boreal pine forest in Europe. It is situated on the border between Russia and Finland at about the midpoint from south to north. The park is located in the Republic of Karelia. The Kalevala, an epic poem of Finnish and Karelian oral folklore, was drawn from this region.[15]
Kenozersky Sts Peter and Paul Church in the village ofMorshchikhinskaya Arkhangelsk Oblast 62°05′N 38°12′E / 62.083°N 38.200°E / 62.083; 38.200 (Kenozersky) 1991 Кенозерский 139,663 hectares (539.2 sq mi) The park has many cultural monuments, one being Porzhensky Pogost, which is St. George church with the bell-tower (both from the 18th century) surrounded by the wooden wall with gates and towers (1789). The park is on the divide between the Atlantic and Arctic basins. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[16]
Khibiny Khibiny NP Murmansk Oblast 67°43′N 33°28′E / 67.717°N 33.467°E / 67.717; 33.467 (Khibiny) 2018 Хибины 84,804 hectares (327.4 sq mi)
Khvalynsky Pine tree over wooded valley, Khvalynsky NP Saratov Oblast 53°00′N 52°7′E / 53.000°N 52.117°E / 53.000; 52.117 (Khvalynky) 1994 Хвалынский 25,524 hectares (98.5 sq mi) Khvalynksy NP encompasses a raised plateau of chalk hills of the Volga Uplands, covered in mixed oak-linden and conifer forests, along the west side of the Volga River. It is about 1,000 km north of the Caspian Sea, in Saratov Oblast overlooking the Saratov Reservoir.[17]
Kislovodsk Kislovodsk National Park Stavropol Krai 43°53′N 42°45′E / 43.883°N 42.750°E / 43.883; 42.750 (Kislovodsk) 2016 Кисловодский 966 hectares (3.7 sq mi) The largest urban park in Europe, Kislovodsk NP stretches from the city center of Kislovodsk up the slopes of the adjacent Dzhinal Ridge. It is located on the foothills north of the Caucasus Mountains. The park supports mineral springs, hiking paths, and a cable car to the top of the ridge.[18]
Kodar Kodar National Park Zabaykalsky Krai56°54′N 118°16′E / 56.900°N 118.267°E / 56.900; 118.267 (Kodar) 2018 Кодар 491,700 hectares (1,898.5 sq mi) Kodar is located in the Kodar Mountains, about 500 kilometres (310 mi) northeast of Lake Baikal. The park encompasses extreme variations in terrain: precipitous alpine slopes ("Kodar" in the indigenous Evenks language means "steep"), over 570 alpine lakes, low-altitude glaciers, volcanoes, and an isolated small desert surrounded by taiga forest.[19]
Koygorodsky Komi Republic 59°48′N 49°48′E / 59.800°N 49.800°E / 59.800; 49.800 (Koygorodsky) 2019 Койгородский Archived 2021-12-12 at the Wayback Machine 56,700 hectares (218.9 sq mi) Koygorodsky covers one of the largest expanses of virgin southern taiga in Europe. It is located on the eastern edge of the East European Plain, in the Komi Republic of Russia.[20]
Krasnoyarsk Pillars Krasnoyarsk Stolby National Park Krasnoyarsk Krai
55°32′N 92°28′E / 55.533°N 92.467°E / 55.533; 92.467 (Krasnoyarsk Stolby)		 2019 Красноярские Столбы 47,154 ha (182.1 sq mi) Reclassified as a national park in 2019 (from a nature reserve), Stolby is situated on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan which is contiguous with the Central Siberian Plateau. Area borders upon the major city of Krasnoyarsk from the northeast. Visitors are able to get to the boundary by a city bus.[21]
Kytalyk Kytalyk National Park Sakha 70°51′N 147°51′E / 70.850°N 147.850°E / 70.850; 147.850 (Kytalyk) 2019 Кыталык 1,885,554 hectares (7,280.2 sq mi) Kytalyk is a protected area for the Arctic breeding grounds of migratory birds on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, including a significant portion of sites for the critically endangered Siberian crane. The name "kytalyk" is the Yakut-language word for the Siberian crane. The park is on the low-lying tundra of the delta of the Indigirka River, on the East Siberian Sea in northern Russia.[22]
Ladoga Skerries Ladoga Skerries National Park Republic of Karelia 61°36′N 30°50′E / 61.600°N 30.833°E / 61.600; 30.833 (Kodar) 2017 Ладожские шхеры 122,008 hectares (471.1 sq mi) Ladoga Skerries is located on the north and northwestern shores of Lake Ladoga in the Russian Republic of Karelia. The park features numerous small rocky islands ("skerries") on narrow bays and channels.[23]
Land of the Leopard Land of the Leopard NP Primorsky Krai 43°00′N 131°25′E / 43.000°N 131.417°E / 43.000; 131.417 (Land of the Leopard) 2012 Земля леопарда 80,000 hectares (308.9 sq mi) The main aim of the park is to preserve and restore the population of the unique spotted cat - the Amur leopard, which number in Russia is now only about 50 individuals. Today, more than half of them lives in the "Land of the Leopard." In addition, there lives and another cat, listed in the Red Book - the Amur tiger.[24]
Lena Pillars Lenskie Stolby NP Sakha 61°08′N 127°35′E / 61.133°N 127.583°E / 61.133; 127.583 (Lenskie Stolby) 2018 Ленские столбы Archived 2022-04-02 at the Wayback Machine 1,217,941 hectares (4,702.5 sq mi)
Losiny Ostrov Upper Yauza swamp Moscow Oblast 53°52′N 37°47′E / 53.867°N 37.783°E / 53.867; 37.783 (Losiny Ostrov) 1983 Лосиный Остров 11,600 hectares (44.8 sq mi) Literally, 'Moose Island', Losiny Ostrov is the first national park of Russia. It is located in Moscow and Moscow Oblast and is the third largest forest in a city of comparable size, after Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town) and Pedra Branca State Park (Rio de Janeiro).[25]
Mariy Chodra The Ilet River, in NP Mariy Chodra Mari El Republic 56°09′N 48°22′E / 56.150°N 48.367°E / 56.150; 48.367 (Mariy Chodra) 1985 Марий Чодра 36,600 hectares (141.3 sq mi) Mariy Chodra (literally, "Mari Forest") was created to protect rare plants: more than 115 rare plant species are documented. There are fourteen tourist routes in the park; the most popular attractions being Yalchik, Glukhoye, and Kichiyer Lakes, the rafting on the Ilet and Yushut Rivers, Pugachov's Oak, and the Maple Mountain.[26]
Meshchyora Wetlands in Meshcheyora NP Vladimir Oblast 55°34′N 40°15′E / 55.567°N 40.250°E / 55.567; 40.250 (Meshcheyora) 1992 Мещёра 118,900 hectares (459.1 sq mi) Meshchyora NP covers extensive wetlands (swamps, peat bogs, rivers and lakes) - an extremely rich habitat for biodiversity - and pine/birch woodlands in the Meshchera Lowlands on the East European Plain in Vladimir Oblast, about 120 km east of Moscow. The area is associated with the medieval Meshchera tribe.[27]
Meschyorsky Meshcheyorsky NP Ryazan Oblast 55°08′N 40°10′E / 55.133°N 40.167°E / 55.133; 40.167 (Meschyorsky) 1992 Мещерский 105,014 hectares (405.5 sq mi) "Meshchersky" (Мещёрский) National Park is not to be confused with "Meshchyora" (Мещёра) National Park, which is just to the north, over the border in Vladimir Oblast. The neighboring parks cover similar wetlands (swamps, peat bogs, rivers and lakes) and pine/birch woodlands in the Meshchera Lowlands.[28]
Nechkinsky Coastline viewed from hill, Nechkinsky NP Udmurt Republic 56°41′N 53°47′E / 56.683°N 53.783°E / 56.683; 53.783 (Nechkinsky) 1997 Нечкинский 20,753 hectares (80.1 sq mi) Nechkinsky NP is an important biological and cultural reserve of Udmurtia (the Udmurt Republic), situated in the middle valley of the Kama River, its tributary the Siva River, and the coastal part of the Votkinsk reservoir. The territory is mostly forest and river floodplains, with a number of ancient archaeological sites on the grounds. It is near the city of Izhevsk, on the west side of the Ural Mountains.[29]
Nizhnyaya Kama Sign at border of Nizhnyaya Kama NP Tatarstan 55°48′N 52°19′E / 55.800°N 52.317°E / 55.800; 52.317 (Nizhnyaya Kama)< 1991 Нижняя Кама 26,587 hectares (102.7 sq mi) Literally translated as "Lower Kama National Park", Nizhnyaya Kama is a national park in the center of Russia, located in Tukayevsky and Yelabuzhsky Districts of Tatarstan. It was established April 20, 1991, to protect coniferous (mostly pine) forests at the banks of the Kama River.[30]
Onezhskoye Pomorye Onezhskoye Pomorye NP Arkhangelsk Oblast 64°47′N 37°18′E / 64.783°N 37.300°E / 64.783; 37.300 (Onezhskoye Pomorye) 2013 Онежское Поморье 201,670 hectares (778.7 sq mi) The park occupies much of the Onega Peninsula and adjacent parts of the White Sea. There are no all-season means of land transportation to the mainland. Most of the area is covered by forest. Moose, Eurasian brown bear, gray wolf, and red fox are common in the park. Beluga whale occurs in the White sea. In the winter, the sea is frozen.[31]
Orlovskoye Polesye Orlovskoye_Polesye NP Oryol Oblast 53°28′N 35°3′E / 53.467°N 35.050°E / 53.467; 35.050 (Orlovskoye_Polesye) 1994 Орловское полесье 77,745 hectares (300.2 sq mi) Orlovskoye Polesye is situated in the middle of the Central Russian Upland straddling the Znamensky and Khotynetsky districts of Oryol Oblast. The territory is a hills cut with ravines and gullies. The highest elevation is 250 meters above the sea level. In the low-lying areas there are muskeg with cranberries.[32]
Paanajärvi Paanajärvi NP Republic of Karelia 66°29′N 37°18′E / 66.483°N 37.300°E / 66.483; 37.300 (Paanajärvi) 1992 Паанаярви 104,371 hectares (403.0 sq mi) Paanajärvi National Park is located in the Karelia Region of northern Europe, along the Finnish–Russian border. It protects 1,043.71 square kilometres (402.98 sq mi) of pristine Scandinavian and Russian Taiga ecoregion forest habitats, lakes, and rivers.[33]
Lake Pleshcheyevo Pleshcheyevo Ozero NP Yaroslavl Oblast 56°46′N 38°44′E / 56.767°N 38.733°E / 56.767; 38.733 (Pleshcheyevo Ozero) 1997 Плещеево озеро 23,790 hectares (91.9 sq mi) Pleshcheyevo NP covers Lake Pleshcheyevo and surrounding areas. The lake is highly popular for recreational use, as an ecological habitat, and is a former resort for the Russian tsars. The lake is located about 130 km northeast of Moscow, in the basin of the Upper Volga. On the southeast shore is the resort town of Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yaroslavl Oblast.[34]
Pribaikalsky Shaman Rocks, Pribaikalsky NP Irkutsk Oblast 51°51′N 104°53′E / 51.850°N 104.883°E / 51.850; 104.883 (Pribaikalsky) 1986 Прибайкальский 417,300 hectares (1,611.2 sq mi) Pribaikalsky National Park covers the southwest coast of Lake Baikalin southeastern Siberia. The coastal strip includes some mountain ridges to the west as well as offshore islands such as Olkhon Island to the east. It is about 50 km southeast of the city of Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast.[35]
Pripyshminskiye Bory Pripyshminskiye Bory NP Sverdlovsk Oblast 56°59′N 63°47′E / 56.983°N 63.783°E / 56.983; 63.783 (Pripyshminskiye Bory) 1993 Припышминские Боры 49,050 hectares (189.4 sq mi) Pripyshminskie Bora is located on the western edge of the West Siberian Plain . It protects a complex of pine and birch forests. About 10% of the area is non-forested marshes, ponds, hayfields and pastures.[36]
Prielbrusye Prielbrusye NP Kabardino-Balkaria 43°21′N 42°34′E / 43.350°N 42.567°E / 43.350; 42.567 (Prielbrusye) 1986 Приэльбрусье 1,010,200 hectares (3,900.4 sq mi) Prielbrusye is centered on Mt. Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe at 5,632 meters above sea level. The relative isolation of steep gorges has led to high levels of endemism and biodiversity. The park is in the central Caucusus, just northwest of Alaniya National Park.[37]
Russian Arctic Russian Arctic NP Arkhangelsk Oblast 75°42′N 60°54′E / 75.700°N 60.900°E / 75.700; 60.900 (Russian Arctic) 1986 Русская Арктика 1,426,000 hectares (5,505.8 sq mi) Russian Arctic National Park covers a large and remote area of the Arctic Ocean, the northern part of Novaya Zemlya (Severny Island), and Franz Josef Land.[38]
Russian North Russky Sever NP Vologda Oblast 59°57′N 38°34′E / 59.950°N 38.567°E / 59.950; 38.567 (Russky Sever) 1992 Русский Север 166,400 hectares (642.5 sq mi) The park protects natural and cultural landscapes of the Russian North around Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery and Ferapontov Monastery, places of great historical significance.[39]
Salair Samarskaya Luka NP Altai Republic 53°30′N 86°24′E / 53.500°N 86.400°E / 53.500; 86.400 (Salair) 2020 Салаир 161,221 hectares (622.5 sq mi) Salair is located on the west slope of the Salair Ridge, which separates Altai Krai (west side) from Kemerovo Oblast (east side). The low mountains are covered with coniferous forest. Because of its warm, humid summers, scientists have referred to Salair as the "rainforest of Siberia".

[40]

Samarskaya Luka Samarskaya Luka NP Samara Oblast 53°18′N 49°50′E / 53.300°N 49.833°E / 53.300; 49.833 (Samarskaya Luka) 1984 Самарская Лука 134,000 hectares (517.4 sq mi) The park (in English, "Samara Bend") is on the 180-degree bend of the Volga River as it flows south by the City of Samara. It is on the shore of the Kuibyshevskoye water reservoir, and on the north it has a border with Zhigulevsky Zapovednik. Most of the bedrock is karst (limestone) formation.

[41]

Samursky Samar Forest Dagestan 41°52′N 48°32′E / 41.867°N 48.533°E / 41.867; 48.533 (Samursky) 2019 Самурский Archived 2022-01-01 at the Wayback Machine 48,273 hectares (186.4 sq mi) Samursky is located on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, at the eastern extent of the Greater Caucasus Mountains in Dagestan, Russia. It is divided into two sectors: a coastal floodplain section on the delta of the Samur River, and a mountainous sector that includes Mount Bazardüzü and the southernmost extreme point in Russia.[42]
Saylyugemsky Saylyugemsky NP Altai Republic 49°31′N 88°37′E / 49.517°N 88.617°E / 49.517; 88.617 (Saylyugemsky) 2010 Сайлюгемский Archived 2016-02-07 at the Wayback Machine 118,380 hectares (457.1 sq mi) Created as a special preserve for the Altai Snow Leopard and the Altai mountain sheep (argali), Saylyugemsky National Park rises in the Altai-Sayan Mountains, on the border between Russia and Mongolia.[43]
Sebezhsky Sebezhsky NP Pskov Oblast 56°16′N 28°30′E / 56.267°N 28.500°E / 56.267; 28.500 (Sebezhsky) 1996 Себежский 50,021 hectares (193.1 sq mi) Sebezhsky National Park is located in the southwestern part of Sebezhsky District, where the national park is located, is essentially hilly landscape of glacial origin with many lakes. The area is forested, with pine, spruce, mixed, and alder forests.[44]
Sengileev Hills Sengileevskie Mountains NP Ulyanovsk Oblast 54°00′N 48°36′E / 54.000°N 48.600°E / 54.000; 48.600 (Sengileevskie) 2017 Сенгилеевские горы 43,697 hectares (168.7 sq mi) The park is located in the Sengiley Hills area of the Volga Uplands, along the middle Volga River in Russia. The 'mountains' are technically plateau with deep ravines and river cuts, about three-quarters forested.[45]
Shantar Islands Shantar Islands NP Khabarovsk Krai 55°00′N 137°30′E / 55.000°N 137.500°E / 55.000; 137.500 (Shantar Islands) 2014 Шантарские острова 250,000 hectares (965.3 sq mi) The Shantar Islands are a group of 15 islands that lie off the coast of Khabarovsk Krai, in the Sea of Okhotsk. Most of the islands have rugged cliffs, and the highest point is 720 meters. They are home to Steller Sea Lions, seals, and Bowhead whales.[46]
Shorsky Shorsky NP Kemerovo Oblast 52°35′N 88°20′E / 52.583°N 88.333°E / 52.583; 88.333 (Shorsky) 1989 Шорский 418,000 hectares (1,613.9 sq mi) Shorsky National Park is a forested, mountainous area in southwestern Siberia, where the West Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian Mountains . It is representative of areas with dark taiga tree cover (92% of the park is forested).[47]
Shushensky Bor Shushensky Bor NP Krasnoyarsk Krai 52°42′N 91°30′E / 52.700°N 91.500°E / 52.700; 91.500 (Shushensky Bor) 1995 Шушенский бор Archived 2016-01-10 at the Wayback Machine 39,180 hectares (151.3 sq mi)
Smolenskoye Poozerye Smolenskoye Poozerye NP Smolensk Oblast 55°32′N 31°24′E / 55.533°N 31.400°E / 55.533; 31.400 (Smolenskoye Poozerye) 1992 Смоленское Поозерье 146,237 hectares (564.6 sq mi) "Smolensk Lakes" is a forest-wetland ecosystem of 35 lakes and surroundings in the northwest of Smolensk Oblast near the Russian border with Belarus. It is in the basin of the Daugava (river) (also called the "Western Dvina" River), about 40 miles (64 km) north of the city of Smolensk.[48]
Smolny Smolny NP Republic of Mordovia 54°50′N 45°40′E / 54.833°N 45.667°E / 54.833; 45.667 (Smolny) 1995 Смольный 36,500 hectares (140.9 sq mi) The park has a representative lowland river environment, with a slow current. The lakes and swamps are mainly concentrated in the floodplain of the Alatyr River. Marshes are mainly lowland. A few bogs are located in the southern and central parts of the park. There are many springs.

[49]

Sochi Sochi NP Krasnodar Krai 43°05′N 39°43′E / 43.083°N 39.717°E / 43.083; 39.717 (Sochi) 1983 Сочинский 193,737 hectares (748.0 sq mi) The park occupies the Greater Sochi area, from the border with the Tuapsinsky District, between the mouths of Shepsi River and Magri River in the north-west, to the border with Abkhazia along the Psou River in the south-east, and between the Black Sea to the water divide crest of the Greater Caucasus.[50]
Taganay Taganay NP Chelyabinsk Oblast 55°15′N 59°47′E / 55.250°N 59.783°E / 55.250; 59.783 (Taganay) 1991 Таганай 56,800 hectares (219.3 sq mi) Taganay is a group of mountain ridges in the Southern Urals, on the territory of Chelyabinsk Oblast, with the highest point rising 1178 m. above sea level.[51]
Tarkhankut Tarhankut NP Autonomous Republic of Crimea 45°25′N 32°32′E / 45.417°N 32.533°E / 45.417; 32.533 (Tarhankut) 1991 Тарханкутский 10,900 hectares (42.1 sq mi) The park is located on the western tip of the Tarkhankut peninsula in the Black Sea region. The park is predominantly steppe areas Tarkhankut hills and beams (White, Castel, Ternovaya), which cut into the hill. The park surrounds virtually all West Coast.[52]
Tokinsko-Stanovoy Amur Oblast 50°41′N 130°09′E / 50.683°N 130.150°E / 50.683; 130.150 (Tunkinsky) 2019 Токинско-Становой 243,000 hectares (938.2 sq mi) Tokinsko-Stanovoy is located at the mountainous headwaters of the Zeya River, in the Stanovoy Highlands of the Russian Far East. It was created in 2019 to protect important natural features - particularly the Siberian snow sheep, and also the cultural heritage of the reindeer-herding indigenous Evenki people.[53]
Tunkinsky Tunkinsky NP Buryatia 51°41′N 102°08′E / 51.683°N 102.133°E / 51.683; 102.133 (Tunkinsky) 1991 Тункинский 1,183,662 hectares (4,570.1 sq mi) Tunkinsky is in south central Siberia, and covers a mountainous region centered on the Irkut River valley (also referred to as the Tunka Valley) that continues from the rift valley of Lake Baikalsouthwest to the border of Mongolia. To the north and west of the valley is the eastern edge of the Sayan Mountains.[54]
Udegeyskaya Legenda Udegeyskaya Legenda NP Primorsky Krai 45°49′N 135°25′E / 45.817°N 135.417°E / 45.817; 135.417 (Udegeyskaya Legenda) 1991 Удэгейская легенда 103,744 hectares (400.6 sq mi) Udege Legend covers the richest coniferous-deciduous forest on the western slope of the Central Sikhote-Alin mountains of the Russian Far East. The park is designed to protect west-slope river valley habitat, and to support the remnant of the indigenous Udege people. The area is known for abundant fishing and boating on the streams and rivers. It is also a refuge for the endangered Amur Tiger.[55]
Ugra Ugra NP Kaluga Oblast 54°09′N 35°52′E / 54.150°N 35.867°E / 54.150; 35.867 (Ugra) 1997 Угра 98,600 hectares (380.7 sq mi) Ugra National Park is a forested area in the Kaluga region (southwest of Moscow) and includes the valleys of the rivers Ugra, Zhizdra, Vyssa and Oka.[56] The park's highlights include the Optina Monastery and the Nikola-Lenivets art park.
Yugyd Va Yugyd Va NP Komi Republic 62°25′N 58°47′E / 62.417°N 58.783°E / 62.417; 58.783 (Yugyd Va) 1994 Югыд ва 1,891,700 hectares (7,303.9 sq mi) The Yugyd Va park covers a territory in the Northern Ural Mountains and adjacent foothills and flatlands. The entire park is within the Pechora River basin, i.e. west of the Europe-Asia continental divide; this means that all of it is geographically in Europe.[57]
Valdaysky Valdaysky NP Novgorod Oblast 57°59′N 31°15′E / 57.983°N 31.250°E / 57.983; 31.250 (Valdaysy) 1990 Валдайский 158,500 hectares (612.0 sq mi) Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Valdaysky National Park, which includes the town of Valday, Lake Valdayskoye, and the northern part of Lake Seliger, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Central Russia and has well-developed tourist infrastructure.[58]
Vodlozersky Vodlozersky NP Arkhangelsk Oblast 62°39′N 37°05′E / 62.650°N 37.083°E / 62.650; 37.083 (Vodlozersky) 1991 Водлозерский 428,000 hectares (1,652.5 sq mi) The park area includes Lake Vodlozero, the river basin of the Ileksa, the main inflow of the lake, and the upper course of the Vodla. In 2001, Vodlozersky was designated a UNESCO Biodiversity Reserve site.[59]
Zabaykalsky Zabaykalsky NP Buryat Republic 53°43′N 109°13′E / 53.717°N 109.217°E / 53.717; 109.217 (Zabaykalsy) 1986 Забайкальский 269,000 hectares (1,038.6 sq mi) Zaybaykalsky National Park covers a section of the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.[60]
Zavidovo Zavidovo NP Tver Oblast 56°25′N 36°07′E / 56.417°N 36.117°E / 56.417; 36.117 (Zavidovo) 2015 Завидово 132,858 hectares (513.0 sq mi) Zavidovo is a complex of forests and wetlands located in Tver Oblast and Moscow Oblast, Russia. The area is abundant in game animals and has historically been a notable hunting reserve for government officials.[61]
Zigalga Zigalga NP Chelyabinsk Oblast 54°35′N 58°31′E / 54.583°N 58.517°E / 54.583; 58.517 (Zigalga) 2019 Зигальга 45,662 hectares (176.3 sq mi) Zigalga is located on the high Zigalga Ridge of the Southern Ural Mountains in Russia, on the transition between Europe and Siberia.[62]
Zov Tigra Zov Tigra NP Primorsky Krai 43°35′N 134°16′E / 43.583°N 134.267°E / 43.583; 134.267 (Zov Tigra) 2007 Зов Тигра 83,384 hectares (321.9 sq mi) Zov Tigra is a mountainous refuge for the endangered Amur Tiger. The park encompasses an area of 83,384 hectares (206,046 acres; 834 km2; 322 sq mi) on the far southeast coast of Russia's Far East in the federal district Primorsky Krai (in English, "Maritime Region").[63]
Zyuratkul Zyuratkul NP Chelyabinsk Oblast 54°51′N 58°56′E / 54.850°N 58.933°E / 54.850; 58.933 (Zyuratkul) 1993 Зюраткуль 88,200 hectares (340.5 sq mi) Notable features include Lake Zyuratkul, a rare mountainous body of water for the Urals 754 m above sea level, with a surface area of 13,2 km2 and a maximum depth of 8 m. Water is slightly mineralised (≈50 mg/L). Because of its clear water and spectacular landscape around, Zyuratkul' is often called "Ural Ritsa".[64]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Sobisevich A. V., Snytko V. A. To the history of the creation of biosphere reserves and natural parks in the Soviet Union // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. Vol. 579. P. 1–5.
  2. ↑ Russian Nature Press
  3. ↑ "About Special Protected Nature Areas", a Russian Federation federal law of March 14, 1995.(in Russian)
  4. 1 2 3 Biodiversity Conservation Centre Moscow
  5. ↑ "Alaniya National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Alaniya. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Alkhanay National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Alkhanay. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Anyuysky National Park (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Bashkiriya National Park (in Russian)". Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Beringia National Park - Official Park Website (in English)". FGBU Beringia. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Directive Creating Bikin National Park". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Buzuluksky Bor National Park (in Russian)". FGBU AARI PA (PA Russia). Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Chavash Varmane Bor National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Chavash Varmane Bor. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Chikoy National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Kurshskaya Kosa National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Kurshskaya. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Kalevalsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Kenozersky National Park - Official Park Website (in English)". FGBU Kenozersky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Khvalynsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Scientific Tourism, Saratov Oblast. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Official Site:Kislovodsk National Park". FGBU National Park Kislovodsk. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Official Site: Kodar National Park" (in Russian). FGBU National Park Kodar. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  20. ↑ "Koygorodsky National Park" (in Russian). Koygorodsky National Park. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Stolby (Official Reserve Website)" (in Russian). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia). Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  22. ↑ "Kytalyk National Park" (in Russian). Kytalyk National Park. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Ladoga Skerries National Park" (in Russian). Nature Russia. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Land of the Leopard National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Land of the Leopard. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  25. ↑ "Losiny Ostrov National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Losiny Ostrov. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Mariy Chodra National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Mariy Chodra. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Meshchyora National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Meshchyora. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Meshchyorsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Meshchyorsky. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Nechkinsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Nechkinsky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  30. ↑ "National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Nizhnyaya. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Onezhskoye Pomorye National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Orlovskoye Polesye National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Orlovskoye Polesye. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Paanajärvi National Park - (in English)". European Commission 2007. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Pleshcheyevo Ozero National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Pleshcheyevo Ozero. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Pribaikalsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Pribaikalsky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Pripyshminskiye Bory National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Pripyshminskiye Bory. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Prielbrusye National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Prielbrusye. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Russian Arctic National Park (in Russian)". Nenets Autoonomous Okrug. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Russky Sever National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Russky Sever. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  40. ↑ "Salair National Park" (in Russian). Salair National Park. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  41. ↑ "Samarskaya Luka National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Samarskaya Luka. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  42. ↑ "National Park Samursky" (in Russian). State Nature Reserve Dagestan. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  43. ↑ "Saylyugemsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  44. ↑ "Sebezhsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Sebezhsky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  45. ↑ "Official Site, Sengileevskie Mountains National Park". FGBU National Park Sengileevskie Mountains.
  46. ↑ "[Shantar Islands National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Shorsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Shorsky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  48. ↑ "Smolenskoye Poozerye National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Smolenskoye Poozerye. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Smolny National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". ProtectedPlanet.org. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Sochi National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Sochi National Park. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Taganay National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Taganay. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Tarkhankut National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Tarhankut. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park" (in Russian). Nature Russia. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Tunkinsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Tunkinsky. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  55. ↑ "Udegeyskaya Legenda National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Udegeyskaya Legenda. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  56. ↑ "Ugra National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Ugra. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Yugyd Va National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Yugyd Va. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  58. ↑ "Valdaysky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Valdaysky. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Vodlozersky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Zabaykalsky National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Zavidovo National Park". Zapovednik Russia. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Zigalga National Park" (in Russian). Zigalga National Park. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  63. ↑ "Zov Tigra National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Lazovsky/Zov Tigra. Archived from the original on 2015-12-05. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  64. ↑ "Zyuratkul National Park - Official Park Website (in Russian)". FGBU Zyuratkul. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
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