National Party
Partido Nacional
LeaderLuis Lacalle Pou
PresidentPablo Iturralde
FounderManuel Oribe
Founded10 August 1836 (1836-08-10)
HeadquartersJuan Carlos Gómez 1384, Montevideo
IdeologyLiberal conservatism[1]
Christian democracy[2]
Social liberalism[3]
Political positionCentre-right[2][4] to right-wing[5]
National affiliationCoalición Multicolor
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International[6]
Regional affiliationCOPPPAL[7]
OCDA[8] (observer)
Colors   Blue and White
SloganLa unión nos hará fuerza ("Unity makes strength")
Chamber of Deputies
30 / 99
Senate
10 / 30
Intendencias
15 / 19
Mayors
87 / 125
Party flag
Website
www.partidonacional.com.uy

The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional, PN), also known as the White Party (Spanish: Partido Blanco), is a major political party in Uruguay. It was founded in 1836 by Manuel Oribe, making it the country's oldest active political party, and together with the Colorado Party, its origin dates back to the time of the creation of the Uruguayan State.

Positioned on the centre-right of the political spectrum, the National Party is ideologically liberal, nationalist, Pan-Americanist and humanist.[9][10] Considering the interim co-government of the Gobierno del Cerrito headed by Manuel Oribe, and the Defense Government from Montevideo led by the Colorado Joaquín Suarez, in the middle of the Uruguayan Civil War, and with the exception of the current administration of Luis Lacalle Pou, the PN has ruled the country for 35 years interruptedly throughout its history; This includes constitutional, interim, de facto presidents, and collegiate governments.[11] Although General Manuel Oribe is recognized as its founder, Aparicio Saravia is considered its idealist.[12]

The National Party is a defender of decentralization, and its demographic base skews toward people living in rural areas.[13]

History

National Party flag used from 1880 to 1904

The identity of the National Party dates back to August 10, 1836, when the then president Manuel Oribe decreed the use of the white banner with the inscription "Defenders of the Laws", in the battle of Carpintería, Oribe faced the revolutionary army of Fructuoso Rivera and colored badges were used to distinguish between the parties.[14] For this reason, the National Party is also known as the "White Party."[15]

On July 7, 1872, the first Program of Principles was approved, in which respect for freedoms, the maintenance of peace as the supreme good for the Nation, the representation of minorities, the decentralization of the country, the strengthening of justice, and the promotio of education and instruction.[14]

In March 2020, National Party's Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay, meaning Uruguay got the first conservative government after 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition.[16]

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election Party candidate Running mate Votes % Votes % Result
First Round Second Round
Elections under the Ley de Lemas system
1938 114,506 32.1% — — Lost Red X
1942 Luis Alberto de Herrera Roberto Berro 129,132 22.5% — — Lost Red X
Turena Olivera 1,384 0.2% — —
Saraiva 667 0.1% — —
al lema 52 0.0% — —
Total votes 131,235 22.8% — —
1946 Luis Alberto de Herrera Martín Echegoyen 205,923 31.7% — — Lost Red X
Basilio Muñoz José Rogelio Fontela 1,479 0.2% — —
Jacinto D. Durán 557 0.1% — —
al lema 161 0.0% — —
Total votes 208,120 47.8% — —
1950 Luis Alberto de Herrera Martín Echegoyen 253,077 30.7% — — Lost Red X
Salvador Estradé Emeterio Arrospide 1,421 0.2% — —
al lema 336 0.0% — —
Total votes 254,843 30.9% — —
1966 Martín Echegoyen Dardo Ortiz 228,309 18.5% — — Lost Red X
Alberto Gallinal Heber Zeballos 171,618 13.9% — —
Alberto Héber Usher Nicolás Storace Arrosa 96,772 7.9% — —
al lema 211 0.0% — —
Total votes 496,910 40.3% — —
1971 Wilson Ferreira Aldunate Carlos Julio Pereyra 439,649 26.4% — — Lost Red X
Mario Aguerrondo Alberto Héber Usher 228,569 13.7% — —
al lema 211 0.0% — —
Total votes 668,822 40.2% — —
1984 Alberto Zumarán Gonzalo Aguirre 553,193 29.3 — — Lost Red X
Dardo Ortiz 76,014 4.0 — —
Juan Carlos Payssé Cristina Maeso 21,903 1.2 — —
al lema 9,657 0.5 — —
Total votes 660,767 35.0% — —
1989 Luis Alberto Lacalle 444,839 21,63% — — Elected Green tick
Carlos Julio Pereyra 218,656 10,63% — — Lost Red X
Alberto Zumarán 101,046 04,91% — —
Lema 1,449 00,07% — —
Total votes 765,990 37,25% — —
1994 Alberto Volonté 301,655 14.9% — — Lost Red X
Juan Andrés Ramírez 264,255 13.0% — —
Carlos Julio Pereyra 65,650 3.2% — —
Total votes 633,384 31.2% — —
Elections under single presidential candidate per party
1999 Luis Alberto Lacalle 478,980 22.3% — — Lost Red X
2004 Jorge Larrañaga 764,739 34.30% — — Lost Red X
2009 Luis Alberto Lacalle Jorge Larrañaga 669,942 29.07% 994,510 45.37% Lost Red X
2014 Luis Lacalle Pou 732,601 30.88% 939,074 41.17% Lost Red X
2019 Beatriz Argimón 696,452 29.70% 1,189,313 50.79% Elected Green tick

Note

Under the electoral system in place at the time called Ley de Lemas system, each political party could have as many as three presidential candidates. The combined result of the votes for a party's candidates determined which party would control the executive branch, and whichever of the winning party's candidates finished in first place would be declared President this system was used form the 1942 election until the 1994 election until in 1996, a referendum amended the constitution to restrict each party to a single presidential candidate, effective from the 1999 elections.

Parliamentary elections

Election Votes % Chamber seats +/– Position Senate seats +/- Position
1916 68,073 46.6%
105 / 218
 Increase 105 Increase 1st
1917 29,257 22.7% Unknown Decrease 3rd
1919 71,538 38.0%
56 / 123
 Increase 1st
1922 116,080 47.1%
58 / 123
 Increase 2 Steady 1st
1925 122,530 45.1%
56 / 123
 Decrease 2 Steady 1st
1928 140,940 47.1%
60 / 123
 Increase 4 Steady 1st
1931 133,625 43.2%
55 / 123
 Decrease 5 Steady 1st
1933 101,419 41.1%
117 / 284
 Increase 122 Decrease 2nd
1934 92,903 37.3%
39 / 99
 Decrease 138 Steady 2nd
15 / 30
 Increase 15 Increase 2nd
Senate 91,585 41.4%
1938 122,440 32.6%
29 / 99
 Decrease 10 Steady 2nd
15 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd
Senate 114,571 31.7%
1942 199,265 34.6%
34 / 99
 Increase 5 Steady 2nd
7 / 30
 Decrease 8 Steady 2nd
Senate 131,235 22.8%
1946 271,037 40.4%
40 / 99
 Increase 6 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Increase 3 Steady 2nd
Senate 208,085 31.1%
1950 254,788 30.8%
31 / 99
 Decrease 9 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd
Senate 254,834 30.4%
1954 309,818 35.2%
35 / 99
 Increase 4 Steady 2nd
11 / 31
 Increase 1 Steady 2nd
1958 499,425 49.7%
51 / 99
 Increase 16 Increase 1st
17 / 31
 Increase 6 Increase 1st
1962 545,029 46.5%
47 / 99
 Decrease 4 Steady 1st
15 / 31
 Decrease 2 Steady 1st
1966 496,910 40.3%
41 / 99
 Decrease 6 Decrease 2nd
13 / 30
 Decrease 2 Decrease 2nd
1971 668,822 40.2%
40 / 99
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
12 / 30
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
1984 660,767 35.1%
35 / 99
 Decrease 5 Steady 2nd
11 / 30
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
1989 765,990 37.25%
39 / 99
 Increase 4 Increase 1st
12 / 30
 Increase 1 Increase 1st
1994 633,384 31.1%
31 / 99
 Decrease 8 Decrease 2nd
10 / 31
 Decrease 2 Decrease 2nd
1999 478,980 22.3%
22 / 99
 Decrease 9 Decrease 3rd
7 / 30
 Decrease 3 Decrease 3rd
2004 764,739 34.30%
36 / 99
 Increase 14 Increase 2nd
11 / 30
 Increase 4 Increase 2nd
2009 669,942 29.07%
30 / 99
 Decrease 6 Steady 2nd
9 / 30
 Decrease 2 Steady 2nd
2014 732,601 30.88%
32 / 99
 Increase 2 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Increase 1 Steady 2nd
2019 696,452 29.70%
30 / 99
 Decrease 2 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd

National Council of Administration and National Council of Government elections

Election Votes % Council seats +/- Position
1925 119,255 49.3% Unknown Increase 1st
1926 139,959 48.4% Unknown Steady 1st
1928 141,055 48.2% Unknown Decrease 2nd
1930 149,339 47.2% Unknown Steady 2nd
1932 41,908 26.1% Unknown Steady 2nd
Abolished in 1933 re-established as National Council of Government
1954 309,818 35.2%
3 / 9
 Increase 3 2nd
1958 499,425 49.7%
6 / 9
 Increase 3 Increase 1st
1962 545,029 46.5%
6 / 9
 Steady Steady 1st
National Council abolished in 1966, presidential system reestablished

Note

The National Council of Administration ruling alongside the President of the Republic between 1918 and 1933 and it was re-established as National Council of Government was the ruling body in Uruguay between 1952 and 1967

2004 elections

At the 2004 national elections, the National Party won 36 seats out of 99 in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 seats out of 31 in the Senate. Its presidential candidate, Jorge Larrañaga, obtained the same day 35.1% of the valid, popular vote.

2009 elections

At the 2009 national elections, the National Party won 31 seats out of 99 in the Chamber of Deputies and 9 seats out of 31 in the Senate. Its presidential candidate, Luis Alberto Lacalle, obtained on 25 October 29.07% of the valid, popular vote.

2014 elections

At the 2014 elections, its presidential candidate was Luis Lacalle Pou.

2019 elections

In 2019, the National Party returns to lead the government after thirty years, when Luis Lacalle Pou defeated leftist Daniel Martínez in the second round, with the nationalist as leader of the so-called Coalición Multicolor (Multicolor Alliance).[1] This will be the second occasion since the return of democracy and the first of the 21st century when the Party reaches the government.

Sectors and factions

National Alliance

The leader of National Alliance was Jorge Larrañaga, until 2021, who ran for President of Uruguay in 2004. He was beaten by Tabaré Vázquez of the Broad Front. The new leader is still undefined until the next internal elections of the sector. The ideologies of the sector are centrism and christian democracy.

Herrerismo

Herrerism is built on a foundation of economic liberalism and liberal conservatism, although earlier in its history it took on more anti-imperialist and traditionalist policies.

Wilsonist Current

The Wilsonist Current is a social-liberal faction of the National Party of Uruguay. Founded in 2002 by Francisco Gallinal, its name comes from the Wilsonism, an important tendency of the Party, led by Wilson Ferreira Aldunate.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Martínez, Magdalena (25 November 2019). "Luis Lacalle Pou, el peso de un apellido". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Declaración de Princípios del Partido Nacional". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "El perfil ideológico del Partido Blanco" (in Spanish). República.com. 15 June 2014.
  4. ↑ "Uruguay: El presidente Lacalle Pou y su partido, fortalecidos tras las elecciones locales". 28 September 2020.
  5. ↑ Schelotto, Magdalena (10 March 2015). "La dictadura cívico-militar uruguaya (1973-1985): la construcción de la noción de víctima y la figura del exiliado en el Uruguay post-dictatorial". Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. Nouveaux mondes mondes nouveaux - Novo Mundo Mundos Novos - New world New worlds (in Spanish). doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.67888. ISSN 1626-0252.
  6. ↑ "Parties".
  7. ↑ "Países y Partidos Miembros de la COPPPAL".
  8. ↑ "Partidos | ODCA.cl".
  9. ↑ "Nuestro Partido > Declaración de Principios". 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  10. ↑ "El centroderecha acaricia el poder en Uruguay". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 25 November 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  11. ↑ Observador, El. "El misterio de los blancos". El Observador. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  12. ↑ "Aparicio Saravia". www.partidonacional.org.uy (in European Spanish). Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  13. ↑ ElPais. "Triunfo del Partido Nacional: después de 93 años volvió al poder". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  14. 1 2 "Identidad e historia del Partido Nacional: para construir futuro, recordar quiénes somos y de dónde venimos" (PDF).
  15. ↑ "Portal FACTUM | Uruguay". portal.factum.uy. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  16. ↑ "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years".
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