| Neognathostomata Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Echinocyamus pusillus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Infraclass: | Irregularia |
| Superorder: | Neognathostomata Smith, 1981 |
| Orders | |
|
Cassiduloida | |
The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.
Taxonomy
Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).
- family Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
- family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
- order Cassiduloida
- superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
- family Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
- superfamily Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
- family Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
- family Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
- superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
- order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
- suborder Clypeasterina
- family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
- family Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
- family Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
- family Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
- family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
- family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
- family Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
- suborder Scutellina
- infraorder Laganiformes
- family Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
- family Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
- family Laganidae Desor, 1858
- infraorder Scutelliformes
- family Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
- family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
- family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
- family Rotulidae Gray, 1855
- superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825
- family Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
- family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
- family Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
- family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
- family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
- family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
- family Scutellidae Gray, 1825
- family Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
- family Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
- infraorder Laganiformes
- suborder Clypeasterina
- family Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
- family Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
- order Echinolampadoida
- family Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
- family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
- family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
- genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
References
- Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.
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