Neopolynoe chondrocladiae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Errantia
Order: Phyllodocida
Family: Polynoidae
Genus: Neopolynoe
Species:
N. chondrocladiae
Binomial name
Neopolynoe chondrocladiae
(Fauvel, 1943)[1]

Neopolynoe chondrocladiae is a scale worm known from the north-east Atlantic Ocean at depths of about 700 to 2500 m.[2][3]

Description

Neopolynoe chondrocladiae can have up to around 94 segments with 15 pairs of elytra that bear a marginal fringe of papillae. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally to prostomium, directly beneath the median antenna. The notochaetae are distinctly thicker than the neurochaetae and possess only simple tips.[4]

Biology

Neopolynoe chondrocladiae has an obligate symbiotic relationship with the sponges Chondrocladia robertballardi and Chondrocladia virgata.[4][5] The nature of the symbiotic relationship has been debated, but a 2021 study using a multidisciplinary approach suggested that the relationship is mutualistic, proposing that Neopolynoe chondrocladiae may use bioluminescence as a lure for prey which is consumed by both the worm and its sponge hosts.[5]


References

  1. ↑ Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2020). World Polychaeta database. Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Fauvel, 1943). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1393295
  2. ↑ Fauvel, Pierre. (1943). Deux polychètes nouvelles. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. (Série 2) 15(4): 200-202, in-text figure 1., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52906546
  3. ↑ Kirkegaard JB (2001) Deep-sea polychaetes from north-west Africa, including a description of a new species of Neopolynoe (Polynoidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81: 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401004003.
  4. 1 2 Taboada S, Silva AS, Neal L, Cristobo J, Ríos P, Alvarez-Campos P, Hestetun JT, Koutsouveli V, Sherlock E, Riesgo A (2019) Insights into the symbiotic relationship between scale worms and carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae, Chondrocladia). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers: 103191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103191
  5. 1 2 Taboada, Sergi; Serra Silva, Ana; Díez-Vives, Cristina; Neal, Lenka; Cristobo, Javier; Ríos, Pilar; Hestetun, Jon Thomassen; Clark, Brett; Rossi, Maria Eleonora; Junoy, Juan; Navarro, Joan; Riesgo, Ana (2021). "Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (1): 295–318. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa146. hdl:10261/253142.


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