Nisotra
Nisotra bicolorata, Australia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Chrysomelidae
Subfamily: Galerucinae
Tribe: Alticini
Genus: Nisotra
Baly, 1864

Nisotra is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. There are around 90 described species in Nisotra, including about 70 in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Many of these species are agricultural pests.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Description

Nisotra can be recognised by: a thickset and distinctly convex body; the pronotum as wide of the elytra basally; the pronotum anterior margin with two longitudinal groove-like impressions, often deeply impressed and sometimes reaching middle of pronotum.[6]

Diet

Nisotra feed on plants in the families Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae.[7]

Larvae feed on roots (boring in stems has also been reported[8]), while adults feed on leaves.[9]

Pests

In the Solomon Islands, N. basselae is a pest on bele (Abelmoschus manihot). Its impact is so severe that bele is no longer grown in many places on the islands.[9]

Nisotra chrysomeloides is a pest on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Its abundance varies depending on temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.[10] Another okra pest is Nisotra sjostedti.[11]

Species

These species, among others, belong to the genus Nisotra:

  • Nisotra apicalis Jacoby 1899
  • Nisotra aruwimiana Weise
  • Nisotra basselae (Bryant)
  • Nisotra bicolorata Csiki, 1940
  • Nisotra breweri Baly, 1877
  • Nisotra brunnea Jacoby 1894
  • Nisotra ceylonensis Jacoby 1899
  • Nisotra chapuisi Jacoby 1876
  • Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby 1885
  • Nisotra dilecta (Dalman, 1823)
  • Nisotra dohertyi Maulik, 1926
  • Nisotra fulva (Medvedev, 2018)
  • Nisotra gemella (Erichson, 1834)
  • Nisotra goudoti Harold, 1875
  • Nisotra insulana Medvedev, 2008
  • Nisotra javana Motschulsky, 1866
  • Nisotra javanica
  • Nisotra klugii Jacoby 1892
  • Nisotra lineella Weise, 1916
  • Nisotra madagascariensis Jacoby 1901
  • Nisotra madurensis Jacoby, 1896
  • Nisotra malayana Medvedev, 2016
  • Nisotra mera Weise, 1916
  • Nisotra nigripennis Jacoby 1903
  • Nisotra nigripes Jacoby 1894
  • Nisotra obliterata Jacoby
  • Nisotra oneili Jacoby 1906
  • Nisotra orbiculata Motschulsky, 1866
  • Nisotra pallida Jacoby, 1898
  • Nisotra semicoerulea Jacoby 1903
  • Nisotra sjostedti Jacoby 1903
  • Nisotra sordida Weise, 1916
  • Nisotra spadicea (Dalman, 1823)
  • Nisotra striatipennis Jacoby
  • Nisotra submetallica Blackburn, 1894
  • Nisotra terminata Jacoby 1894
  • Nisotra theobromae Laboissiere, 1920
  • Nisotra uniformis Jacoby 1906
  • Nisotra xinjiangana Zhang & Yang, 2007

References

  1. ↑ "Nisotra". GBIF. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  2. ↑ Nadein, K. S. (2013). "Catalogue of Alticini genera of the World (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zoological Institute, Saint-Petersburg. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  3. ↑ "Nisotra sjostedti". CABI Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  4. ↑ "Genus Nisotra". Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, MCZBase. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  5. ↑ "Nisotra". EPPO Global Database. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  6. 1 2 Biondi, Maurizio; D’Alessandro, Paola (2012). "Afrotropical flea beetle genera: a key to their identification, updated catalogue and biogeographical analysis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)". ZooKeys (253): 1–158. doi:10.3897/zookeys.253.3414. PMC 3560840. PMID 23378812.
  7. ↑ "Nisotra Baly, 1864". www.zin.ru. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  8. ↑ "Small Blue Leaf Beetle - Nisotra breweri". www.brisbaneinsects.com. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  9. 1 2 "Bele (Abelmoschus) flea beetle (022)". apps.lucidcentral.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  10. ↑ Mani, J. K.; Pal, S. (2013). "Influence of weather factors on the abundance of flea beetle (Nisotra chrysomeloides Jacoby) infesting okra". Crop Research. 46: 208–211.
  11. ↑ Odewole, A F; Adebayo, T A; Dada, A O (2016). "Efficacy of Plant Based Insecticides in Control of Leaf Defoliators (Podagrica uniformis Jacoby and Nisotra sjostedti Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)". Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition). 23 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1016/S1006-8104(17)30001-6.
  • Media related to Nisotra at Wikimedia Commons
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