Nitobe Jūjirō (新渡戸 十次郎, 1820 – 1868)[1] was a Japanese samurai and retainer of the Morioka Domain in the late Edo period.[1] His father was Nitobe Tsutō.[1][2] He was the father of educator and diplomat Nitobe Inazō and Nitobe Shichirō.[1][2][3]

Life

Nitobe was born in Hanamaki on July 20, 1820.[4][5] His father was Tsutō (傳).[1] His posthumous name was Tsunenori (常訓).[3] When Jūjirō was just born, Jūjirō's grandfather Koretami bought the anger of the Morioka Domain and Koretami was exiled to Tanabe.[2][6][5]

In 1857, Jūjirō was appointed Sanbongi Shinden Goyogakari (new rice field affairs official in Sanbongi).[4] He worked with his father to cultivate and successfully got water to flow into the irrigation canal called the Ina River.[4] In 1860, he planned a new town called Inaoi-chō (now part of Towada) using a four-way grid pattern, divided into 12 neighborhoods. This was the forerunner to modern city planning in Japan.[4][7]

He died on January 18, 1868.[8] His death was mourned by his father, his family, and the townspeople.[8]

Family

Depending upon the source, Nitobe Jūjirō and the entire Nitobe clan are descendants of either the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan (specifically, Chiba Tsunetane[9]'s branch).[2][10] Tsunetane's grandson, Tsunehide (常秀, Tsunetane's son Tanemasa(胤正)'s son[11]) took over Nitobe in Shimotsuke Province.[2] Tsunehide continued inheritance with Tsunechika (常親), Yasutane (泰胤), Tsunesato (常邑), Tsunesada (常貞)、Sadatsuna (貞綱), Sadahiro (貞広), Hiromori (広盛), Tsunemochi (常望) Tsunetada (常忠), Tsunenobu (常信), and Nobumori (信盛) from generation to generation.[2] Sadatsuna lived in Nitobe and died in 1309.[12]

During the Nanboku-chō period, Sadahiro and his son Hiromori both fought on the Southern Court side.[12] Sadahiro died in 1337.[2] Hiromori died in Shinano in 1351 during the war.[2][12] Tsunetada and his son Tsunenobu both served Ashikaga Mitsukane and Mochiuji of the Kantō kubō.[12] After Tsunenobu's death, his son Nobumori returned to Nitobe.[12] Nobumori's daughter was Moriyori (盛頼)'s wife.[12] As for the inheritor, Nobumori welcomed the clan, Motoyoshi Narizumi (元良成澄)'s child, Moriyori (盛頼) as an adopted child, and became Nitobe for the first time.[2] Moriyori continued inheritance with Yoritane (頼胤), Yoshitane (良胤), Tanemochi (胤望), Yorinaga (頼長), Taneshige (胤重), and Tokiharu (春治) from generation to generation.[2] Tokiharu's third son Tsunetsuna (常綱, popular name was Densuke(伝助)) split up and became a Hanamaki Kyūjin (upper class retainer).[2] Before Tsunetsuna became Kyūjin, Tsunetsuna served Nanbu Masanao.[2] After Tsunetsuna's death, Tsunetsuna's second son Sadaaki (貞紹, popular name was Denzō(伝蔵)) inherited.[2] After Sadaaki, Yoshiaki (義紹, popular names were Kyūsuke (九助), Densuke (伝助), and Heizo (平蔵)) inherited.[2] After Yoshiaki's death, Yoshiaki's nephew (Yoshiaki's brother Tsunekatsu(常佸)'s son) Tsunemochi (常以) inherited.[2] After Tsunemochi's death, Tsunemochi's brother Tsunetoki (常言, popular name was Denzō (伝蔵)) inherited.[2] After Tsunetoki, Tsuneyoshi (常贇, popular name was Densuke (伝助)) inherited.[2]

Tsuneyoshi was Jūjirō's great-grandfather.[2] Tsuneyoshi married Jūjirō's great-grandmother Oei (おゑい, daughter of Ōta Hidenori (太田秀典) of Hanamaki).[13] Tsuneyoshi Died in 1803.[2] Jūjirō's grandfather was Koretami (維民, heir to the reign of Nanbu Toshitaka.)[2] Jūjirō's father was Tsunezumi (常澄, Nitobe Tsutō).[2] Jūjirō's brother was Ōta Tokitoshi), and Jūjirō's sons were Shichirō (七郎) and Inanosuke (稲之助, Inazō).[3][2]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Iwate Historical Biography Committee.『岩手県姓氏歴史人物大辞典』1998, pp. 288-289.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Iwate Historical Biography Committee.『岩手県姓氏歴史人物大辞典』1998, pp. 971-974.
  3. 1 2 3 Kenʼichi Iida (1989). Kagaku to gijutsu. Iwanami Shoten. p. 23. OCLC 646833310.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "人物用語集". NITOBE MEMORIAL MUSEUM. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  5. 1 2 "＜資料館紹介＞新渡戸記念館と新渡戸家三代". NITOBE MEMORIAL MUSEUM. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  6. ↑ Tōkyō Joshi Daigaku. Nitobe Inazō Kenkyūkai (1969). Nitobe Inazō kenkyū. Shunjūsha. pp. 380–381. OCLC 19361230.
  7. ↑ Kokusho Kankōkai, 1981. pp. 105, 115–116.
  8. 1 2 Kokusho Kankōkai, 1981. p. 116.
  9. ↑ Chiba clan.
  10. ↑ Tōkyō Joshi Daigaku. Nitobe Inazō Kenkyūkai (1969). Nitobe Inazō kenkyū. Shunjūsha. pp. 366–367. OCLC 19361230.
  11. ↑ Kokusho Kankōkai, 1981. pp. 109–110.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tōkyō Joshi Daigaku. Nitobe Inazō Kenkyūkai (1969). Nitobe Inazō kenkyū. Shunjūsha. pp. 367–368. OCLC 19361230.
  13. ↑ Tōkyō Joshi Daigaku. Nitobe Inazō Kenkyūkai (1969). Nitobe Inazō kenkyū. Shunjūsha. pp. 373, 380. OCLC 19361230.

Works cited

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