Nitratiruptor
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Campylobacterota
Class:
Campylobacteria
Order:
Campylobacterales
Family:
Nitratiruptoraceae
Genus:
Nitratiruptor[1]

Nakagawa et al. 2005[2]
Type species
Nitratiruptor tergarcus
Nakagawa et al. 2005
Species
  • N. tergarcus

Nitratiruptor sp. (strain SB155-2) is a genus of deep sea gram-negative Campylobacterota isolated from Iheya North Hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough (Japan).[3] This rod-shaped microorganism (0.5 x 1.5 µm) grows chemolithoautotrophically in a wide variety of electron donors and acceptors (i.e. sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrate) in absence of light and oxygen. It is also a thermophilic group capable of growing within the range of 37–65 °C with the optimal at 55 °C.

Genetic features

DAPI stained Nitratiruptor cells (SB155-2) growing in laboratory conditions

Nitratiruptor sp. genome is composed by a single circular chromosome of 1,877,931 bp with the GC content of 43.8% and 39.7%.[4] Due to the geochemical variability in the deep-sea hydrothermal vents, Nitratiruptor sp. displays a metabolic versatility to adapt to this hostile environments which includes sharp gradients in energy sources, electron acceptors or carbon sources. For instance, due to the metal-rich fluids characterizing this areas, a total of 17 genes related with transports systems and detoxification mechanisms of heavy metals (including As, Cd and Cu) were described. Despite this not being a pathogenic bacterium, it possess some virulence genes (including virulence factor mviN, hemolysin or N-linked glycosylation gene cluster) which provide insights into the origins of virulence in their pathogenic relatives, Helicobacter and Campylobacter species.[5]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[6]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[7][8][9] 120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]
Nitratiruptoraceae

Nitratiruptor tergarcus Nakagawa et al. 2005

Nitrosophilus

N. labii (Fukushi et al. 2021) Shiotani et al. 2021

N. alvini Shiotani et al. 2021

N. kaiyonis Fukazawa et al. 2023
Nitratiruptoraceae
Nitrosophilus

N. alvini

N. kaiyonis

Nitratiruptor labii Shiotani et al. 2021

Nitratiruptor tergarcus

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Nitratiruptor tergarcus". www.uniprot.org.
  2. 1 2 A.C. Parte; et al. "Nitratiruptor". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  3. ↑ Nakagawa, Satoshi; Takai, Ken; Inagaki, Fumio; Horikoshi, Koki; Sako, Yoshihiko (2005). "Nitratiruptor tergarcus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nitratifractor salsuginis gen. nov., sp. nov., nitrate-reducing chemolithoautotrophs of the ε-Proteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal system in the Mid-Okinawa Trough". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (2): 925–933. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63480-0. PMID 15774687.
  4. ↑ "PATRIC". www.patricbrc.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  5. ↑ Horikoshi, Koki; Takai, Ken; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise; Shimamura, Shigeru; Takaki, Yoshihiro; Nakagawa, Satoshi (2007-07-17). "Deep-sea vent ε-proteobacterial genomes provide insights into emergence of pathogens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (29): 12146–12150. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700687104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1907315. PMID 17615243.
  6. ↑ Sayers; et al. "Nitratiruptor". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  7. ↑ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  10. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
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