Northern Bantoid
North Bantoid
Geographic
distribution
Nigeria and Cameroon
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Proto-languageProto-Northern bantoid
Subdivisions
Glottolognort3168

Northern Bantoid (or North Bantoid) is a branch of the Bantoid languages. It consists of the Mambiloid, Dakoid, and Tikar languages of eastern Nigeria and west-central Cameroon.

History

A proposal that divided Bantoid into North and South Bantoid was introduced by Williamson.[1][2]

Blench argues for the unity of North Bantoid by citing phonological, lexical, and morphological evidence.[3]

Internal classification

Blench classifies these languages as North Bantoid.[3]

Language contact

Dakoid languages have had long-term contact with Adamawa languages, while the Tikar language shares many similarities with the Bafia languages (also known as the A50 Bantu languages).[3]

Maps

Numerals

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:[4]

ClassificationLanguage12345678910
DakoidChamba-Dakanòòníbààrátárānààsátúùnátúnìndùtímdùtím-kə́rə́rə́ (7+ 1)kúūmkúūm-kə́rə́rə́ (9+ 1)
Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, KonjaKwanja (Konja)mánfèètarnààcùncánmán (5+ 1)cɛnfèè (5+ 2)cɛtar (5+ 3)cɛnàà (5+ 4)bɨfɛ́ŋ
Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, KonjaTwendi (Cambap)tʃínīfèːtáːrnɑː̀tʃúêntʃɛ́n də̄r tʃínī (5+ 1)tʃɛ́n fèjè (5+ 2)tʃɛ́táːr (5+ 3)tʃɛ́n nàː (5+ 4)jūtār
Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-KilaSomyev (Kila Yang)mwēhàːntàːrnàːntíɛ̂ntɛ́mwē (5+ 1)tɛ́nàːn (5+ 2)tɛ́ntàːr (5+ 3)tɛ́nnàːn (5+ 4)tʃɔ́ŋ
Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, MambilaCameroun Mambilatʃɛ́nfàltaɡárneàtînténdʒɛ́n (5+ 1)tébɛl (5+ 2)téndɛle (5+ 3)tárɛ̀neà (5+ 4)julà
Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, MambilaNigerian Mambilatʃɛ́n * c = tʃfàltartínténdʒɛ́n (5+ 1) * j = dʒtéfɛ́l (5+ 2)téndɛll (5+ 3)tárɛ́nà (5+ 4)jullà * y = j
Mambiloid, NdoroNdoola (Doori) (1)jérhàːlātāːɾānjẽ́sónīsóŋ kér (5+ 1)sóŋ kwàlà (5+ 2)sóŋ tāːrā (5+ 3)sóŋ njẽ́ (5+ 4)jóbə̄t
Mambiloid, NdoroNdoola (Doori) (2)jíɾə̀hàːlātāːɾānjã́sónīʃóŋkíɾə̀ (5+ 1)ʃóŋkwàlà (5+ 2)ʃóŋtāːrā (5+ 3)ʃóŋnjá (5+ 4)jóbə̄t
Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, SugaSuga (Nizaa)mumɓaarataaranaànàtɛ́ɛ́ŋnatánmum (5+ 1)tánɓáára (5+ 2)sɛ́ɛ̀tínáànà (5+ 4)ɟer
Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, VuteVute (1)mwĩɓɨrɨ́b / ɓaámtaarɨ́bnààsɨ̀bŋɡiiìtínmwĩ (5+ 1; old #5 is tíŋ)tɨɓáam (5+ 2)sə́rɓwécṍcóóŋ
Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, VuteVute (2)mūíɓāám / ɓɨ̄rɨ́ptāārɨ́pnààsɨ́bŋɡīìtín mūí (5+ 1)tɨ́ ɓāám (5+ 2)sə́rɓwé cóŋ (? 10 )cóŋ
Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, VuteWawa (1)mǒsī; mǒī *bə̀mbə́tābə́nǎrə̄bə̀téēnbə̄té-mōī (5+ 1)té-bə̀mbə́ (5+ 2)tén-tābə́ (5+ 3)té-nàrə̄bə́ (5+ 4)tʃɔ́ŋ / bə̌ntə̄
Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, VuteWawa (2)mʊ́ɾsībɔ̄mbə̀tábə̀náɾbə̀tɛ̄nbə́tɛ̄mʊ́ɪ / dʒuiɡɔ (5+ 1) *tɛ́bɔ̀mbə̀ / dʒuididi (5+ 2)tɛ́nàɾbə̀ / dʒuitati (5+ 3)tɛ́tàbə̀ / dʒuːənai (5+ 4)tʃɔ̄ŋ (< from Vute)
BeboidBebe (Naami)mʷɛbifʷébitɔbinwàbitîŋbuɬɔfùmáɲàŋ (8 - 1)ɲàŋfùmájufi (10 - 1)jufi
BeboidCung (Mbuk) (1)ḿmūtálén̄nāítīńnānítáńɲáŋbʷùkə̀dʒófí
BeboidCung (Chung) (2)mufataleə́nàsonânitaɲaŋbùkədʒofi
BeboidKemedzung (1)mò (miu) / kɨ̀tɨ́ kɨ́mó (Gender 7/8)fé / bɨ̀tɨ́ bífété / bɨ̀tɨ́ bíténà / bɨ̀tɨ́ bínɑ̀tɨ̀ŋ / bɨ̀tɨ́ bítɨ̀ŋbúsí / bɨ̀tɨ́ búsífùmbá / bɨ̀tɨ́ fùmbɑ́yàŋ / bɨ̀tɨ́ yàŋfùmbóò / bɨ̀tɨ́ fùmbóòyɔ́(yɔfu) / bɨ̀tɨ́ yɔ́(yɔfu)
BeboidKemedzung (2)mmȍbifɛ́bitɛbinàbitɨ̃̀busefũ̀mbàjã̏fũ̀mbɔ̀jɔ̀ː
BeboidNakiāmūífəítātīnāːítɪːúsiːfùmádʒâŋ (? 8)dʒàŋfùmádzófu (? 10)dzófú
BeboidNchane (Mungong) (1)m⁴ba³ka⁴fĩ³tə³lə²nə³⁴tĩ³⁴so³⁴bu³so³fwɪ⁴nja³⁴bvu³kə⁴ju³fə⁴
BeboidNchane (Ncane) (2)mɪ3ma4fɛː2tʰɛ3dɪ3nɛ34tʰəŋ34bu3so23bu3so3ʃwɪ23ɲa34bvu3ɡə2ʒu3fɛ4
BeboidNoone (Noni)māŋ̀fɛ́ɛ́tɛɛnɛ *tinsɔɔtʃàn c = [tʃ]sɔɔʃwî sh = [ʃ]ɲàŋ ñ= [ɲ]bvùùkɛjoofè y = [j]
BeboidNsari (Nsaari)ŋk͡paŋ3fɛː4tɛː4nɛː42tiŋ42bu3sɔː3ɱfo2mɛ4ɲaːŋ2 (8 - 1)ɲaːŋ2ɱfo2mɛ4joː24fi42 (10 - 1)joː24fi42
EkoidEjaghamyə́téβáéésáénîérônèsáɡàsá (3 + 3)èníɡìsá (4 + 3)èníɡànî (4 + 4)érôn énî (5 + 4)ófó
Ekoid, BakorEkajuknjɛŋmbalnranninlɔnnrakera (3 + 3 ?)eʃɛmanɛkeni (4 + 4 ?)eʃɛmʷubu (10 - 1?)ewubu
Ekoid, BakorNde-Ndele-Ntan-dʒim-ban-san-nɛn-dɔːnasighasa (3 + 3 ?)asimmaaneɡhane (4 + 4 ?)asima-wobo (10 -1?)wobo
Ekoid, BakorNkem-Nkum (Nkim)njirəng [ńjírə́ŋ]ibal [íbâ]ira [írá]ini [ínî]iro⃬n [írô̱n]irara [ìrârà]arimini [àrímī̱nî]anigini [àníɡīnî]arumiɡol [àrúmīɡôl]iɡol [íɡôl]
Jarawan, NigerianBadaɗɪ́kɓârtàːtjìːntʷàːntʷàŋsɔ̀lmʷákkʲɛ́stàˑt (5 + 2)kʲɛ́ʃìn (5 + 3)kʲɛ́stʷàn (5 + 4)lʊ̀m
Jarawan, NigerianMbula-Bwazaamon / mwashatraptaruinetonɡnotonɡno war mwashat (5 + 1)tonɡno war rap (5 + 2)tonɡno war taru (5 + 3)tonɡno war ine (5 + 4)lum
MamfeDenyaɡɛ́mâópéáólɛ́ónìótàòkénéòkénàmà (6 + 1)ónèónēnàmà (8 + 1)ófíà
MamfeKenyangɛ́mɔ̂tbɛpâybɛ́rátmɛ́nwîbɛ́tâybɛ́tándât (2 x 3) ? *tándrámɔ̂t (6 + 1) ? **mɛ́nɛ̀nmɛ́nɛ̀n nɛ̀ àmɔ̀t (' 8 + 1 ')byó
MbeMbek. bɛ̀tép lètêl lé èjì bɛ́pʷâl lè bɛ̀tépbɛ́fwɔ̂r*bɛ́pʷâlbɛ́sábɛ́ñîbɛ́tʃânbɛ̀sêsár (3 + 3)bɛ̀tânèbɛ́pʷâl (5 + 2)bɛ̀ñîbɛ̀ñî (4 + 2)bɛ́tânèbɛ́ñî (5 + 4)bɛ́fwɔ̂r

References

  1. Williamson, Kay (1989) 'Niger–Congo Overview'. In: The Niger–Congo languages, ed. by John Bendor-Samuel, 3—45. University Press of America.
  2. Blench, Roger [1987] 'A new classification of Bantoid languages.' Unpublished paper presented at 17th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics, Leiden.
  3. 1 2 3 Blench, Roger. The North Bantoid hypothesis.
  4. Chan, Eugene (2019). "The Niger-Congo Language Phylum". Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.
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