Nursing Service Cross


Medal and ribbon
TypeMedal (Decoration)[1]
Awarded forOutstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties, or for an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of such duties[2]
DescriptionFour stepped sterling silver cross, with transparent red enamel cross insert, ensigned by Crown of Saint Edward, surmounted by a plain sterling silver suspender bar, and suspended on a gold edged white ribbon with deep red central bar[3]
Presented byAustralia
EligibilityMembers of the Australian Defence Force[4]
Post-nominalsNSC[5]
StatusActive (but nominations presently closed)[6]
Established18 October 1989[7]
First awarded8 June 1992[8]
Last awarded11 June 2007[9]
Total29[10]
Total recipients28
Order of Wear
Next (higher)Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC)
Next (lower)Medal for Gallantry (MG)
RelatedRoyal Red Cross (RRC)

The Nursing Service Cross (NSC) is a conspicuous service decoration[note 1] of the Australian honours and awards system, instituted by Letters Patent[note 2] on 18 October 1989.[13]

The Nursing Service Cross is awarded to medics (enrolled nurses) and nurses (registered nurses) of the Australian Defence Force for outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties,[note 3] or for an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of such duties, in warlike or non-warlike conditions.[15]

There have been 28 recipients, and 29 awards, since the Nursing Service Cross was instituted on 18 October 1989.[16] Jonathan Aharon Walter is the sole awardee to have received the Nursing Service Cross more than once, first in 2004, and then again in 2007 (when he was awarded a Bar to his existing Nursing Service Cross).[17]

The current Command Sergeant Major – Forces Command, Warrant Officer Class One Kim Felmingham, is also a Nursing Service Cross recipient.[18] As of March 2010, nominations for the award of the Nursing Service Cross were suspended by determination of the Chief of Defence Force.[19]

Design

The Nursing Service Cross is a four-stepped sterling silver equidistant straight armed cross, ensigned with the Crown of Saint Edward, surmounted by a plain sterling silver suspender bar.[20] The obverse (front of the medal) has a transparent red enamel cross insert, overlaid on a flecked pattern radiating from the centre of the cross.[21]

Reverse of Nursing Service Cross

The reverse (rear) of the Nursing Service Cross has a horizontal panel that displays the recipient's details, superimposed on a design of fluted rays of varying lengths.[22]

The Nursing Service Cross is suspended on a 32 mm ribbon,[note 4] that has a central deep red band 12 mm wide, flanked by two white vertical bands 8 mm wide, and is edged in gold bands 2 mm wide.[24] The symbolism of the colours used on the ribbon for the Nursing Service Cross is that the gold represents the colour of sand, white represents purity, and the deep red colour used (which is the colour of a native sedge flower) is a link between a natural Australian colour and the red cross.[25]

Second and subsequent awards of the Nursing Service Cross are recognised by a sterling silver bar with a superimposed central 6mm wide red enamel cross insert, worn on the ribbon above the medal (and an 8 mm wide cross of red enamel worn centrally on the ribbon bar, and a half sized bar on the ribbon of the miniature cross).[26]

The miniature of the Nursing Service Cross is a half-sized replica of the cross, suspended from a miniature of the ribbon that is 16 mm wide.[27]

A lapel badge, being a 10 mm wide replica of the cross, is also provided to awardees.[28]

History

The award of medals for conspicuous conduct can be traced back to 1643 (potentially even earlier).[29] Before 18 October 1989, eligible Australian Defence Force (ADF) members could be awarded the Royal Red Cross under the Imperial honours system.[30] About 250 Australian nurses received one of the two classes of the Royal Red Cross between the Boer War and the Vietnam War.[31] The last time the Royal Red Cross was awarded in Australia,[note 5] which had never been intended as a specific award for Australian military nurses, was on 31 December 1981.[33]

Origin

When Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke came to power in 1983, he declared his government would no longer be making any recommendations for Imperial honours and awards.[34] On 26 January 1986, Hawke announced the intention to seek Letters Patent for a new military award to recognise outstanding operational and non-operational service by Australian Defence Force nurses, to be called the Australian Nursing Service Cross.[35] On 17 July 1986, the Australian Government announced a competition to design the Nursing Service Cross.[36] On 12 December 1986, the competition winners had their design concepts and ideas forwarded to qualified designers, sculptors and engravers for finalisation.[37]

On 18 October 1989, the Queen of Australia, Elizabeth II, issued Letters Patent instituting the Nursing Service Cross decoration.[38]

Suspension of new nominations

On 3 March 2010, the Nursing Service Cross (while it is still active as an award in the Australian honours and awards scheme) was closed to new nominations by determination of the Chief of Defence Force.[39] Awards to eligible defence members for outstanding devotion or exceptional dedication to nursing duties are now considered under the Order of Australia, Distinguished Service and Conspicuous Service awards criteria, as applicable.[40]

2017 commemorative coin

In 2017, the Royal Australian Mint produced for News Corp Australia a 20 cent non-circulating legal tender coin and card (241,744 produced) to commemorate the Nursing Service Cross, that was available from participating newsagents in April 2017.[41] The nickel plated copper coin had the following features:[42]

  • Reverse – A representation of the Nursing Service Cross decoration, including suspender bar and ribbon. Positioned in the centre of a wreath at the bottom of the coin face is a representation of the St Edward's Crown. The design included the number '20' and the inscription 'NURSING SERVICE CROSS'.
  • Obverse – An effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, together with the inscriptions 'ELIZABETH II', 'AUSTRALIA' and the inscription, in numerals, of the year 2017, as well as the initials of the coin's designer Ian Rank-Broadley 'IRB'.

List of recipients

There have been 28 recipients, and 29 awards, since the Nursing Service Cross was established on 18 October 1989.[43] Jonathan Aharon Walter is the sole awardee to have received the Nursing Service Cross twice, first in 2004, and then again in 2007 (when he was awarded a Bar to his existing Nursing Service Cross).[44]

Rank
(at time of award)		NamePost-nominalsServiceDate awardedCitationNotes
FLTLTAmanda BanksNSCRAAF26 January 2006For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the critical care Nursing Officer on Operation CATALYST within the USAF Theatre Hospital, 332nd Expeditionary Health Group, Balad, Iraq.[45]
CAPTAnne Frances BlundellNSCArmy26 January 1994For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia.[46]
CAPTGregory Richard BrownCSC, NSCArmy12 June 2006For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Second-in-Command of the Army Parachute Surgical Team and Officer Commanding Holding Company of the ANZAC Field Hospital deployed in support of Operation SUMATRA ASSIST.[47]
SGTGeoffrey Ian CoxNSCArmy11 June 2007For an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Defence Co-operation Program – East Timor.[48]
FLTLTStephen Michael CrimstonNSCRAAF17 October 2003For outstanding devotion to duty and tireless work in the delivery of lifesaving care to the injured, and solace to their friends and relatives as a member of the Operation BALI ASSIST Aeromedical Evacuation Team, October 2002.[49]
CPLDaniel Troy DavidsonNSCArmy26 January 2007For acts of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation SLIPPER, Afghanistan 2005.[50]
SSGTKim FelminghamNSC, OAM[51]Army25 March 2000For outstanding devotion and competency in providing medical treatment to vehicle accident casualties on 14 January 2000 while on Operation STABILISE in East Timor.[52]
SQNLDRAnn Teresa HarrisonNSCRAAF8 June 1992For outstanding performance of nursing duties at No 3 RAAF Hospital.[53]
CPLTimothy John HaydenNSCArmy26 January 1995For exceptional dedication and devotion to duty to the Australian Army, particularly following a motor vehicle accident near Paluda Camp in Malaysia on 23 September 1993.[54]
FLTLTAnna-Lisa HernanNSCRAAF12 June 2006For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Royal Australian Air Force aeromedical evacuation team during Operation SUMATRA ASSIST.[55]
WGCDRMargaret Joy HineAM, NSC[56]RAAF26 January 2003For outstanding achievement as the Commanding Officer of Number 6 Royal Australian Air Force Hospital, Royal Australian Air Force Williams, and as the Commanding Officer of the United Nations Military Hospital, Dili, East Timor.[57]
SQNLDRElizabeth Anne HowellNSCRAAF26 January 1998For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Nursing Administrator at the No 3 Royal Australian Air Force Hospital, Richmond NSW.[58]
POAdrian Leslie LeachNSCRAN26 January 1997For outstanding professionalism, expertise and devotion to duty while on board HMAS SWAN.[59]
CPLSarah Ann LongshawNSCArmy29 October 2004For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Medical Assistant on Operation CATALYST with the Australian Army Training Team in Northern Iraq.[60]
WO2Alastair George MackenzieNSCArmy11 June 2007For an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Defence Co-operation Program – East Timor.[61]
CAPTLewis Ritchie MacLeodNSCArmy25 November 1996For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Operating Theatre Nursing Officer while serving with the Australian Medical Support Force in Rwanda.[62]
CAPTJane Anne MateerNSCArmy11 June 2007For outstanding devotion and competency in nursing duties on Operation CATALYST at the United States Air Force Theatre Hospital, Balad, Iraq.[63]
FLTLTHelena Mary McDonnellNSCRAAF14 June 1993For conspicuous nursing service to the Royal Australian Air Force at No 3 RAAF Hospital.[64]
CPLWayne Bradley McKennaNSCArmy25 March 2000For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of medical duties with the 1st Combat Service Support Team in East Timor.[65]
CPONeil Michael PerrinNSCRAN10 June 1996For outstanding devotion to duty and competency as the senior health services member in HMAS HOBART.[66]
CPLWarren Mark PurseNSCArmy13 June 1994For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties while serving as a medical assistant with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia.[67]
CPLMcQuilty QuirkeNSCArmy26 January 2007For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as the Regimental Aid Post Corporal Medic, B Squadron, the 3rd/4th Cavalry Regiment.[68]
FLGOFFCatherine Anne RafterNSCRAAF26 January 1996For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Australian Medical Support Force, Australian Contingent, United Nations Mission Assistance in Rwanda.[69]
SQNLDRGeoffrey Dean RobinsonNSCRAAF10 June 1996For exceptional dedication to the RAAF in the field of nursing education[70]
CAPTLorna Maria ToddNSCArmy26 January 1996For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Australian Medical Support Force, Australian Contingent, United Nations Mission Assistance in Rwanda.[71]
SGTLloyd Charles TonkinNSCRAAF14 June 1999For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as a Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Medical Assistant at the Health Services Flight, No 304 Air Base Wing, Edinburgh[72]
PTEJonathan Aharon WalterNSCArmy14 June 2004For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties in warlike operations as the Medical Assistant/Nurse for Delta Company, AUSBATT VIII, whilst deployed on Operation CITADEL.[73]
CPLJonathan Aharon WalterNSC and BarArmy26 January 2007For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation SLIPPER, Afghanistan 2005.[74]
CPLMarcus WilsonNSC, BM[75]Army14 June 1999For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Medical Assistant for the Peace Monitoring Team Arawa during Operation BEL ISI, Bougainville.[76]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ A decoration is an award made for valour, gallantry, bravery, distinguished or conspicuous service, and is distinct from an honour in that it is not an appointment made to an order, like the Order of Australia.[11]
  2. ↑ In Australia, Letters Patent are an official prerogative instrument of law making, made under the royal prerogative (which is that power of the Crown still existing and not superseded by parliamentary legislation), enabled by section 61 of the Australian Constitution. As the Sovereign has remained the font of "all honour and dignity" in Australia, the practice of instituting Australian honours and awards via Letters Patent continues, although in practice the role of the Sovereign is very limited, as Letters Patent are drafted by the government of the day and by convention the Sovereign is guided by the advice of that government to sign them, making the role taken by the Sovereign overwhelmingly symbolic.[12]
  3. ↑ Nomination criteria excludes recognising immediate or short term paramedic and first aid care alone.[14]
  4. ↑ Formally known as the riband.[23]
  5. ↑ The last military nurses to be awarded the Royal Red Cross in Australia were Jane Greenslade (Navy), Pegeen Mallon (Air Force), Carol Ann O’Connor (Air Force), and Pamela Joy Wright (Army) on 31 December 1981.[32]

References

  1. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 18. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  2. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. pp. 11, 19. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  3. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. pp. 9, 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  4. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 20. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  6. ↑ Refer:
    • "Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross". Defence Honours and Awards Manual (PDF). Vol. 1. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2012. p. 12-1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
    • Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
  7. ↑ "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 108. Canberra, Australia. 7 May 1990. p. 4. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  8. ↑ "International Nurses Day feature: Nursing Service Cross". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  9. ↑ "International Nurses Day feature: Nursing Service Cross". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  10. ↑ "International Nurses Day feature: Nursing Service Cross". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  11. ↑ "Orders, Decorations, and Medals". Army Manual of Dress (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2017. p. 6-2.
  12. ↑ Jordan, Roy (8 September 2003). "A Rare Form of Law Making: Legislation Made Outside Parliament" (PDF). Department of the Parliamentary Library: Research Note. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1–2.
  13. ↑ Refer:
  14. ↑ "Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross". Defence Honours and Awards Manual (PDF). Vol. 1. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2012. p. 12-1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  15. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. pp. 11, 19. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  16. ↑ "International Nurses Day feature: Nursing Service Cross". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  17. ↑ Refer:
  18. ↑ Refer:
  19. ↑ Refer:
    • "Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross". Defence Honours and Awards Manual (PDF). Vol. 1. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2012. p. 12-1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
    • Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
  20. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. pp. 9, 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  21. ↑ Refer:
  22. ↑ Refer:
  23. ↑ "Orders, Decorations, and Medals". Army Manual of Dress (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2017. p. 6-4.
  24. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  25. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 9. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  26. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  27. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  28. ↑ Conspicuous Service Decorations (PDF) (3rd ed.). Canberra, Australia: Government House. 2020. p. 29. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  29. ↑ "Orders, Decorations, and Medals". Army Manual of Dress (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2017. p. 6-1.
  30. ↑ "Nursing Service Cross". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  31. ↑ "Nursing Service Cross". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  32. ↑ "Royal Red Cross (2nd Class) (Imperial)". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  33. ↑ "Nursing Service Cross". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  34. ↑ "Prime Minister" (PDF) (Press release). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 8 April 1983. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  35. ↑ "Prime Minister" (PDF) (Press release). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 26 January 1986. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  36. ↑ "Defence Medals Design Competition" (PDF) (Press release). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 17 July 1986. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  37. ↑ "Winners announced in Awards design competition" (PDF) (Press release). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 12 December 1986. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  38. ↑ Refer:
  39. ↑ Refer:
    • "Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross". Defence Honours and Awards Manual (PDF). Vol. 1. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2012. p. 12-1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
    • Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
  40. ↑ Refer:
    • "Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross". Defence Honours and Awards Manual (PDF). Vol. 1. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2012. p. 12-1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
    • Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
  41. ↑ Refer:
  42. ↑ "Explanatory Statement Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination (No. 4) 2016". Federal Register of Legislation. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  43. ↑ "International Nurses Day feature: Nursing Service Cross". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  44. ↑ Refer:
  45. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 3. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2006. p. 2. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  46. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 6. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1994. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  47. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 77. Canberra, Australia. 12 June 2006. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  48. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 102. Canberra, Australia. 11 June 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  49. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 377. Canberra, Australia. 17 October 2003. p. 10. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  50. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 4. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2007. p. 3. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  51. ↑ "Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) entry for WO1 Felmingham, Kim (Army)". It's an Honour, Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2020. For meritorious service as the Regimental Sergeant Major of the 11th Combat Service Support Battalion, 7th Combat Service Support Battalion and the 17th Combat Service Support Brigade{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  52. ↑ Refer:
  53. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 128. Canberra, Australia. 8 June 1992. p. 3. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  54. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 10. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1995. p. 2. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  55. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 77. Canberra, Australia. 12 June 2006. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  56. ↑ "Member of the Order of Australia (AM) entry for SQNLDR Hine, Margaret Joy (RAAF)". It's an Honour, Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 January 1985. Retrieved 23 May 2020. For service to the Royal Australian Air Force nursing service{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  57. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 7. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2003. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  58. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette" (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 16. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  59. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 15. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1997. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  60. ↑ Refer:
  61. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 102. Canberra, Australia. 11 June 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  62. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 445. Canberra, Australia. 25 November 1996. p. 1. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  63. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 102. Canberra, Australia. 11 June 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  64. ↑ Refer:
  65. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 140. Canberra, Australia. 25 March 2000. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  66. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 187. Canberra, Australia. 10 June 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  67. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 192. Canberra, Australia. 13 June 1994. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  68. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 4. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2007. p. 3. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  69. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 14. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  70. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 187. Canberra, Australia. 10 June 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  71. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 14. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  72. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 216. Canberra, Australia. 14 June 1999. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  73. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 4. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2007. p. 3. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  74. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 4. Canberra, Australia. 26 January 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  75. ↑ "Bravery Medal (BM) entry for Mr Wilson, Marcus (Army)". It's an Honour, Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2020. For display of considerable bravery in assessing, treating and rescuing five military personnel from a crashed helicopter in Kabul, Afghanistan{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  76. ↑ Refer:
    • "Special Gazette". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. No. S 216. Canberra, Australia. 14 June 1999. p. 2. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
    • "Marcus Wilson". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
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