Runcorn to Latchford Canal
A small section between Walton Railway Bridges and the A5060 road still holds water.
Specifications
Maximum boat length70 ft 0 in (21.34 m)
Maximum boat beam14 ft 9 in (4.50 m)
StatusClosed
History
Original ownerMersey and Irwell Navigation Company
Date of act1720
Date of first use1804 (1804)
Date closed1890s
Runcorn to Latchford Canal
 Mersey and Irwell Navigation
 Feeder to Runcorn to Latchford Canal
 Paddington Lock
 Wooden Bridge (aqueduct) over R Mersey
 Latchford Lock or Manor Lock
 Howley Lock
 A5061 Black Bear Bridge
 Warrington to Stockport Railway Bridge
 Twenty Steps Bridge
 Twenty Steps Lock
 Manchester Ship Canal (MSC)
 Latchford Locks
 Tom Paine's Bridge
 Warrington Dock entrance
 Walton Lock
 MSC
 Walton Turn Bridge
 Walton Railway Bridge
 Baxters Turn Bridge
 Bellhouse Turn Bridge
 Moore Turn Bridge
 Bobs Turn Bridge
 MSC
 Old Randles Turn Bridge
 Stone Delph Turn Bridge
 Haystack Turn Bridge
 MSC
 Astmoor Turn Bridge
 Point Turn Bridge
 MSC
 Old Quay Bridge
Lock
 Lock and Tidal Basin
 single gate
 Runcorn Lower Dock
 single gate
 River Mersey

The Runcorn to Latchford Canal (or Old Quay Canal or Old Quay Cut or Black Bear Canal) was a man-made canal that ran from Runcorn,[1] to the Latchford[2] area of Warrington. It connected the Mersey and Irwell Navigation to the River Mersey at Runcorn.

History

The canal was built to bypass the shallow stretches of the Mersey at Fiddlers Ferry. It extended for 7 miles (11 km), ending to the east of Runcorn Gap close to the centre of the township of Runcorn,[3] and cost £48,000.[4] At Latchford, it joined the Mersey at a lock which was located above Howley Weir.[5] At its terminus a dock was built which became part of the Port of Runcorn. The canal was built under powers embodied in the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Act (1720) which permitted new cuts to be made without the necessity of further recourse to Parliament. It opened in July 1804.[3]

The canal and the Mersey and Irwell Navigation were bought out by the Bridgewater Canal Company in 1844. The new owners invested little in the canal and its condition gradually grew worse. They in turn were bought out by the Manchester Ship Canal Company in the 1890s, who particularly wanted ownership of the Runcorn to Latchford Canal, as the ship canal would use the same course for part of its route. Much of the western end of the canal, including the docks at Runcorn, disappeared when the much larger ship canal was built. The eastern end fared rather better, as the section between Twenty Steps Bridge and Latchford Lock was retained. A new lock, called Twenty Steps Lock, was built where the old canal left the course of the ship canal, and it was used to supply tanneries at Howley with hides which were imported from Argentina, and this trade continued until the 1960s. This section was called the Black Bear Canal, and it ceased to be used after the tanneries closed.[6]

The canal as built had a locks at both ends, both of which dropped into the river. As it had no natural water supply, and water was lost every time a boat passed through a lock, a feeder was built from just above Paddington Lock on the Mersey and Irwell Navigation. The water was then carried across the Mersey in an aqueduct, which also acted as a footbridge, and followed the banks of the Mersey to arrive at Latchford Lock. It emptied into the canal just to the south of the lock. When the Black Bear Canal section was created, Twenty Steps Lock also rose from the ship canal, and so the feature was retained. Latchford Lock was usually known as Manor Lock after the construction of the ship canal, as the locks immediately above its junction with the Black Bear Canal were called Latchford Locks.[6][7]

In 2015 the Runcorn Locks Restoration Society launched its Unlock Runcorn campaign, which is dedicated to reopening the flight of locks in Runcorn's Old Town. The society believes that the increase in passing boat trade that would come from reopening the locks has the potential to bring economical, recreational and social benefits to people within the region.[8]

Route

The route diagram shows the canal as it was in the 1880s, with some later additions, including the points at which the route of the Manchester Ship Canal destroyed the canal, and features such as Twenty Steps Lock, which was built to connect a section of the original canal to the ship canal.[9]

A section of the canal in Wigg Island Park is still in water.
The canal at Moore Nature Reserve

Traces of the canal still exist in Wigg Island and in Moore Nature Reserve.[10] The route of the canal forms the basis of the designated "Linear Park" that runs parallel to the river Mersey at Lower Walton and is clearly visible looking west from Chester Road (A5060) whilst standing on the road bridge over the River Mersey. In the distance is the "Twelve Arches Bridge" where arch number 3 (counted south to north) passes over where the canal would have passed. The largely dried out canal basin can be traced westwards after the bridge towards Moore Nature Reserve and then Runcorn. The canal passes east under the A5060 where it joins the Manchester Ship Canal at Latchford Locks (site of the proposed Port of Warrington). Thereafter it re-emerges in Stockton Heath just past the London Road Swing Bridge (A49) where it runs north-easterly passing under Loushers Lane Bridge until eventually passing under Knutsford Road at the site of the former Black Bear Public House. The course of the canal runs a short distance then to terminate and re-join the River Mersey close to Kingsway North Bridge.

The Wigg Island nature reserve covers 57 acres (23 ha) and was opened in April 2002. It is named after the Wigg Chemical Works, set up in the 1860s to extract copper from ore. The works were used to produce mustard gas in the Second World War, and closed in the 1960s.[11] While the canal was operational, a regular problem was the leaching of highly acidic effluent into the canal. Remediation work to reclaim the brownfield site has included the construction of a filter system which passes the water through a limestone-filled channel. This ensures that the water in the 600-yard (550 m) length of canal which crosses the site is safe and suitable for wildlife.[6]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ 53°20′06″N 2°43′44″W / 53.335°N 2.729°W
  2. ↑ 53°22′48″N 2°34′08″W / 53.380°N 2.569°W
  3. 1 2 Starkey 1990, p. 130.
  4. ↑ Nickson 1887, p. 162.
  5. ↑ Wood 2006, p. 87
  6. 1 2 3 Wood 2006, pp. 88–89
  7. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 maps, 1893 and 1937
  8. ↑ "Runcorn Locks Restoration Society". Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 maps, 1881, 1907 and modern
  10. ↑ Starkey 1990, p. 189..
  11. ↑ "Wigg Island". Visit Halton. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2011.

Sources

  • Nickson, Charles (1887). History of Runcorn. London and Warrington: Mackie & Co. OCLC 5389146.
  • Starkey, H.F. (1990). Old Runcorn. Halton: Halton Borough Council.
  • Wood, Andy (November 2006). Black Bear and Hell Hole. Waterways World. ISSN 0309-1422.
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