Ophiothrix suensoni
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Ophiuroidea
Order: Ophiurida
Family: Ophiotrichidae
Genus: Ophiothrix
Species:
O. suensoni
Binomial name
Ophiothrix suensoni
Lütken, 1856 [1]
Synonyms

Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856

Ophiothrix suensoni, Suenson's brittle star or the sponge brittle star, is a species of marine invertebrate in the order Ophiurida. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. It is included in the subgenus Acanthophiothrix making its full scientific name Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensoni.[1]

Description

Ophiothrix suensoni has a small central disc which is clearly demarcated from the five long thin arms. The arms can be up to 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long and the disc 2 centimetres (0.79 in) in diameter. The aboral (upper) surface of the disc is covered with scales which are ornamented with long spines. The arms are cylindrical in cross section and the surface of the lateral scales bear long, sharp, transparent spines. There is a purple, deep red or black stripe running the length of the aboral surface of each arm. The colour of this brittle star is variable, being pale mauve, pink, yellow or red, and often the arms are a different hue from the disc.[2][3][4]

Distribution and habitat

Ophiothrix suensoni is a common species throughout the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico from Bermuda and Florida south to Venezuela and Brazil. It is found at depths ranging from 3 to 450 metres (9.8 to 1,476.4 ft). It is always associated with sponges such as the red tree sponge (Haliclona compressa), soft corals or gorgonians.[4]

Biology

Ophiothrix suensoni is a detritivore and suspension feeder. It hides during the day and emerges at night to feed. It climbs to a high point on its host sponge or sea rod and extends some of its arms to catch plankton and suspended particles floating past.[4] It also feeds on the organic film that is found on the surface of its host. [5]

Ophiothrix suensoni is dioecious. Breeding takes place all year round but peaks in the late summer and autumn. The males have larger gonads than the females perhaps in order to increase the concentration of sperm in the vicinity of females as they do not synchronize their spawning.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 Stöhr, Sabine (2010). "Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensoni Lütken, 1856". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  2. ↑ Walls, Jerry G. (1982). Encyclopedia of Marine Invertebrates. TFH Publications. pp. 684–689. ISBN 978-0-86622-141-2.
  3. ↑ "Suenson's brittle star (Ophiothrix suensonii)". Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  4. 1 2 3 Colin, Patrick L. (1978). Marine Invertebrates and Plants of the Living Reef. T.F.H. Publications. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-86622-875-6.
  5. ↑ "Ophiothrix suensoni". Saltcorner. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  6. ↑ Mladenov, Philip V. (1983). "Breeding Patterns of Three Species of Caribbean Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Bulletin of Marine Science. 23 (2): 363–372.
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