Ors Ela
King of Alania and Durdzuketi
Reign1241-13th century
PredecessorKhasi I
SuccessorNiklai?
DynastySado-Orsoy
ReligionOrthodox Christianity

Ors (Chechen: Ors Ela–Орс Эла or Ars-Ela–Арс Эла, in historical sources referred to as "Ars-Alan") was a Chechen feudal lord from the Sado-Orsoy dynasty of Chechnya and the leader of the pro-Mongol Durdzuk administration in the 13th century. In Chechen folklore he is also credited with being the ancestor of the Elistanzhoy (Chechen: Элистанжой). In historical records, he is referred to as Ars-Alan.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Family

Although being part of the same royal house, the connection between Ors and the ruling family (such as Khour II) is not known. In the historical Chinese chronicle Yuan-Shi however, the names of Ors' descendants are given:[10]

  • Ors
    • Asanzhen
    • Nikolai
    • Miklai
      • Unknown
        • Tszya-Khua
          • Chzhoyanibu-Khua

Early reign

Before the Main Mongol campaign of Durdzuketi Alania, Ors was the ruler of the city Arsoy, located in the Southeast of Chechnya, not far from the border to Dagestan.[11][12]

Mongol invasion of Durdzuketi and Alania

Although historical sources mention his participation in the Siege of Maghas, he played a crucial role in the later politics of Durdzuketi and Alania. The execution of Khasi I led to intense struggle for power between the anti-Mongol regime of Khour I and the pro-Mongol regime of Botur. To restore stability, the Mongols preferred a member of the royal house, the Sado-Orsoy dynasty.[13]

Rise to power

As Mongol troops led by Möngke Khan arrived near Ors' domain in Arsoy, he, accompanied by his eldest son Asanzhen, appeared to the Mongols in friendly terms. In a meeting held not far from the village Makhkety village, the title of ruler was given to Ors. H. A. Khizriev writes: "For example, when Möngke Khan took the city of the "Assun ruler" Ars-Alan and the latter expressed his obedience to him, he "issued to Ars-Alan a charter to govern the Assu people (=Alans, Durdzuks)". In the agreement, Ors, just like Khasi, had to send 1,000 soldiers as well as give his oldest son, Asanzhen to serve in the Mongl army and accompany Möngke Khan in his campaigns. Not long afterwards however Möngke's army, among whom was Asanzhen, fought against rebels, in a battle of which Asanzhen was killed. Möngke ordered his body to be wrapped in cloth and returned to his father. Following that, Ors said to Möngke "My oldest son died, he could not work for the state. Now I will give you my second son, Nikolay, so that you can use his services."[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Reign

Following the start of the insurgency in Durdzuketi, due to the resistance led by Khour I, an active persecution of members of the royal house began, after which only few of the dynasty remained, among whom was Ors.[22][23]

Together with Botur and other pro-Mongol Durdzuk administrators, Ors actively worked on crushing the Durdzuk resistance. Soon after the start of his reign, the Sadoy and Peshkhoy clans of Chechnya resisted his regime. This led to his campaign in the respective regions, defeating and ousting both clans, forcing them to join Khour's insurgency in the mountains. During his campaigns, he established the settlement "Ela-Jaaran-Kort" ("Princely cross top"), which would later serve as a capital for his state. The name of the village would later develop to "Elistanzhoy", from which the Elistanzhoy clan of Eastern Chechnya stems from.[24][25]

In 1252, Ors, Botur, Navraz and other Durdzuk administrators gathered their forces near Sadoy-Lam, not far from the today's village Selmentauzen. In a battle that ensued soon after, the resistance fighters (mainly the Sadoy and Peshkhoy clans) led by Khour would suffer a devastating defeat, putting a final end to the insurgency in Durdzuketi. Khour himself was soon later betrayed and eventually murdered.[26][27][28]

Later reign

Following the death of Ors, the Mongols provoked armed conflicts between the administrators for power and land. Among them was Ors, who waged war against Botur, as a result weakening both states.[29]

Ors, together with a detachment of 1,000 men, accompanied Möngke Khan on his campaigns.[30]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Иванов А.И.: История монголов (Юань-ши) об асах-аланах, page 292
  2. ↑ А.Сулейманов.: Топонимия Чечении, page 262, 726
  3. ↑ Муртазалиев, В.Ю.: К вопросу истории государства и права чеченцев, page 184-187
  4. ↑ Хизриев, Х.А.: Кавказцы против Тимура, page 168
  5. ↑ Тесаев, З.А.: Антифеодальная борьба чеченцев в период раздробленности Аланского государства (2-я пол. XII XIII в.), page 51-64
  6. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 89-90
  7. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21-22, 40-41
  8. ↑ Тесаев, З.А.: Чеченская «География» XV века, составленная по данным ученого-богослова и путешественника Аздина Вазара, page 256
  9. ↑ Сборник материалов, относящихся к истории Золотой Орды. II. Извлечения из персидских сочинений, собранные В.Г. Тизенгаузеном, page 307
  10. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 41
  11. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 89
  12. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21
  13. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21
  14. ↑ Муртазалиев, В.Ю.: К вопросу истории государства и права чеченцев, page 185
  15. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21-22
  16. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 89
  17. ↑ Гарсаев Л.М.: Элистанжой: историко-этнографический очерк, page 128-139
  18. ↑ Хизриев, Х.А.: Кавказцы против Тимура, page 168
  19. ↑ А.Сулейманов.: Топонимия Чечении, page 726
  20. ↑ Сборник материалов, относящихся к истории Золотой Орды. II. Извлечения из персидских сочинений, собранные В.Г. Тизенгаузеном, page 307
  21. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21
  22. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21
  23. ↑ Муртазалиев, В.Ю.: К вопросу истории государства и права чеченцев, page 186
  24. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 89
  25. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 21
  26. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 91
  27. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 22
  28. ↑ Муртазалиев, В.Ю.: К вопросу истории государства и права чеченцев, page 185
  29. ↑ Тесаев, 3.А.: Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.), page 91
  30. ↑ Ангуни, Амин: Государственность Народа Нохчий, page 39
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