The oxalate anion is equivalent to two molecules of carbon dioxide to which two electrons have been added. Removal of these electrons in a redox reaction may permit liberation of carbon dioxide.[1]

An oxalate degrading enzyme is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the biodegradation of oxalate. Enzymes in this class include oxalate oxidase, oxalate decarboxylase, oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase, and formyl-CoA transferase.

Specific enzymes

Oxalate oxidase （Enzyme Commission number EC 1.2.3.4[2]）occurs mainly in plants. It can degrade oxalic acid into carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide.[3]

Oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC，EC 4.1.1.2) is a kind of oxalate degrading enzyme containing Mn2+,[4] found mainly in fungi or some bacteria. Brown rot fungi secrete oxalate to break down cellulose fibers of wood, but deploy this enzyme to permit regulatory control over the total quantity of oxalate present.[5] It can appear in the absence of other cofactors under the action of the degradation of oxalic acid directly to form formic acid and CO2.

Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase（EC 4.1.1.8）mainly mediates degradation of bacterial oxalic acid.

Formyl-CoA transferase （EC 2.8.3.16）mediates the exchange of oxalyl and formyl groups on coenzyme A, interconverting formyl-CoA and oxalyl-CoA.

Calcium oxalate stones and oxalate degrading enzymes

Calcium oxalate is the main component of the most common type of kidney stone in humans.

References

  1. ↑ Marcus I. Gibson; et al. (2016-01-12). "One-carbon chemistry of oxalate oxidoreductase captured by X-ray crystallography" (PDF). 113 (2). PNAS: 320–325. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ↑ Daniel L. Purich, R. Donald Allison (Jan 4, 2003). The Enzyme Reference: A Comprehensive Guidebook to Enzyme Nomenclature, Reactions, and Methods. Academic Press. p. 633. ISBN 9780125680417.
  3. ↑ G. Alan Rose, ed. (2012-12-06). Oxalate Metabolism in Relation to Urinary Stone. Springer. p. 50. ISBN 9781447116264.
  4. ↑ ENZYME entry: EC 4.1.1.2, ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal, accessed 19 March 2017.
  5. ↑ Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup, Frederick Green III, Patricia K. Lebow, Bo Jensen (2012). "Enzymatic oxalic acid regulation correlated with wood degradation in four brown-rot fungi" (PDF). International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 75: 109–114. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.05.030.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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