Pōniuāʻena
J1007+2115
A depiction of Pōniuāʻena created by NOIRLab
Observation data (Epoch J2000.0)
ConstellationLeo
Right ascension10h 07m 58.264s
Declination+21° 15 29.207
Redshift7.52[1]
Distance13.02×109 light-years (3.99×109 parsecs)
Other designations
J100758.264+211529.207
See also: Quasar, List of quasars

Pōniuāʻena (/ˌpniɑːˈɛnə/), also named J100758.264+211529.207 or J1007+2115, is the third most-distant quasar known, with a measured redshift of z = 7.515 or a lookback time of 13.02 billion years.[2] Its 1.5 billion–solar mass black hole is the most distant known black hole with a mass of over one billion solar masses, and models indicate that it must have formed not later than 100 million years after the Big Bang, before reionization.[3] Its discovery was announced in June 2020.[4] Only the quasars ULAS J1342+0928 (z = 7.54) and J0313–1806 (z = 7.64) are known to be more distant.[3][5]

The quasar was primarily observed at the Mauna Kea Observatories on the island of Hawaiʻi; it was first discovered at the Gemini Observatory and was further identified using data from the W. M. Keck Observatory, UKIRT, Magellan Telescopes, and ALMA.[6] Hawaiian language experts at ʻImiloa Astronomy Center gave it the name Pōniuāʻena [ˌpoːnijuwaːˈʔɛnə], which "evokes the unseen spinning source of creation, surrounded by brilliance."[7]

References

  1. Yang et al. 2020
  2. Monster Black Hole Found in the Early Universe, National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, June 25, 2020
  3. 1 2 Brooks Hays (June 25, 2020). "Astronomers find massive black hole in the early universe". UPI.
  4. Monster black hole found in the early universe, Keck Observatory, June 25, 2020 via Science Daily, The second-most distant quasar ever discovered now has a Hawaiian name
  5. Temming, Maria (January 18, 2021), "The most ancient supermassive black hole is bafflingly big", Science News, Washington, D.C.: Society for Science & the Public, vol. 199, no. 3, p. 4, retrieved February 28, 2021
  6. Yang, Jinyi; Wang, Feige; Fan, Xiaohui; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Davies, Frederick B.; Yue, Minghao; Banados, Eduardo; Wu, Xue-Bing; Venemans, Bram; Barth, Aaron J.; Bian, Fuyan; Boutsia, Konstantina; Decarli, Roberto; Farina, Emanuele Paolo; Green, Richard; Jiang, Linhua; Li, Jiang-Tao; Mazzucchelli, Chiara; Walter, Fabian (July 1, 2020), "Pōniuā'ena: A Luminous z=7.5 Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole", The Astrophysical Journal, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 897 (1): L14, arXiv:2006.13452, Bibcode:2020ApJ...897L..14Y, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9c26, S2CID 220042206
  7. Astronomers and immersion kumu announce newly-named discovery: Pōniuāʻena, ʻImiloa Astronomy Center, June 25, 2020

Further reading

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