PWCT
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: Visual Programming, imperative, procedural, object-oriented
Designed byMahmoud Samir Fayed
DeveloperThe PWCT Development Team
First appearedDecember 26, 2005 (2005-12-26)
Stable release
1.9 / January 2, 2021 (2021-01-02)
Implementation languageVisual FoxPro
OSMicrosoft Windows
LicenseGNU General Public License
Filename extensions.ssf
Websitedoublesvsoop.sourceforge.net

PWCT (Programming Without Coding Technology) is an free open source visual programming language for software development.[1][2][3][4] The project was founded in December 2005 as a free-open source project that supports designing applications through visual programming then generating the source code. The software supports code generation in many textual programming languages.[5][6][7][8]

Goal

PWCT is designed to be a general-purpose visual programming language that can be used for applications and systems development.[9][10][11] PWCT can also be used for introducing programming concepts.

The environment support the time dimension where the programmer can play programs as a movie to learn how to create them step-by-step and get better understanding of the program logic. Changing time is done using a timeline slider which allow the programmer to select a specific point in time to view. [12]

History

PWCT 1.9 Environment - Data Entry Forms
  • PWCT was registered on SourceForge in December 2005
  • PWCT 1.0 was released on 18 October 2008
  • PWCT 1.1 was released on 20 February 2009
  • PWCT 1.2 was released on 4 May 2009
  • PWCT 1.3 was released on 30 May 2009
  • PWCT 1.4 was released on 28 August 2009
  • PWCT 1.5 was released on 27 March 2010
  • PWCT 1.6 was released on 16 May 2010
  • PWCT 1.7 was released on 15 September 2010
  • PWCT 1.8 was released on 18 October 2011 (Last update : 22 April 2013)
  • PWCT 1.9 was released on 7 May 2013 (Latest update : 2 January 2021)

[13][14]

Concept

PWCT 1.9 Environment - Components Browser
PWCT 1.9 Environment - Form Designer

The PWCT architecture contains three main layers:[15][16]

  • The VPL Layer that provide functionality to perform a specific task.
  • The Middle Layer that provide interface between the User view and the System Layer.
  • The System Layer that generate executable code in different languages.

The visual source inside PWCT is designed using the Goal Designer where the programmer can generate the steps tree through the interaction with the visual language components.

Inside PWCT, the visual source is a collection of goals, each goal contains tree of steps and each step/node inside the steps tree may contain one or more of data entry forms. Steps tree uses colors that tell the programmer about the step type. Some steps allow containing sub steps, other steps do not allow this, also some steps are not more than comments for the programmer. The steps tree gives the programmer two dimensions where the relationship between the node and another node could be "next to" or "contains" where the programmer can go depth-first or breadth-first when he/she interacts with the steps tree.

The programmer can use the dimension "contains" to do an operation on a group of steps/nodes at the same time (move up / move down / cut/ copy / delete).

The programmer can use the form designer to design the user interface.

The programmer can use the time dimension where he/she can know when each step is created (Date & Time) and can move along the time dimension to see only the steps at any point during the development process.

Inside the Goal Designer, the user can use the mouse or the keyboard to select the visual components and generate new steps in the steps tree. Using the mouse we can explore the environment to see the components that are ready for use. Using the Keyboard by typing the component name, the programmer can quickly get any component and start using it.

[17]

Features

  • General-purpose.
  • Visual Programming (More than one dimension, No Syntax Errors, Time Dimension and Colors).
  • Visual Editor (Keyboard shortcuts, Customization, Cut, Copy, Paste, Search and Replace)
  • Syntax Directed Editor (Avoid Errors).
  • Free Editor and VPL Compiler.
  • The programmer can see and edit the generated source code.
  • The programmer can change the step name and the steps colors.
  • Support code generation in C, Python, C#, Harbour and Supernova programming languages.
  • The programmer can play programs as movie to learn how to create the program step by step
  • Don't force a programming paradigm.
  • Extension (Create new components).
  • Run programs at any point in the past during the development process.

[18] [19]

Visual languages

The PWCT visual programming language components are classified into the next categories [20]

  • CPWCT : Visual Components that generate source code in the C programming language.
  • PythonPWCT : Visual Components that generate source code in the Python programming language.
  • HarbourPWCT : Visual Components that generate source code in the Harbour programming language.
  • SupernovaPWCT : Visual Components that generate source code in the Supernova programming language.
  • C#PWCT : Visual Components that generate source code in the C# programming language.

Since the textual source code could be generated in different textual programming languages like C and Python, PWCT could be used in developing projects that have different requirements like Internet of Things (IoT) projects,[21] Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning applications,[22] GUI projects [23] and Text processing applications.[24]

Criticism

  • The PWCT software still requires that the user have a familiarity of programming structures such as the While-Loop and the If-Then. Syntax errors are decreased but the logic and analysis of the program solution are still created, developed and judged by the user.[11]
  • PWCT try to innovate and provide a new way of viewing software design, However, such innovation comes at a cost. PWCT focuses on the visualization of code blocks in a structure that they describe as a "Steps Tree", which mirrors the nested structure seen in regular textual programming languages. Also PWCT do not have strong inherent support for visualizing code as diagrams, no strong support for Abstraction Layered Architecture (ALA) applications.[25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fercalo, Andrei (11 March 2014). "Programming without coding technology review". Softpedia.
  2. ↑ Al-Khalifa, Hend (29 February 2008). "Free Open Source Visual Programming Language". Al Riyadh.
  3. ↑ Hawas, Mones (23 November 2016). "Developing Programming Without Coding Technology 2.0". youm7.com. youm7.
  4. ↑ Mutha, Abhishek A. (September 2015). "This Month's DVD Contents". Electronics For You Magazine. EFY Group.
  5. ↑ Almesahuge, Khaled (17 June 2010). "Useful open source projects - Programming Without Coding Technology". Al Riyadh.
  6. ↑ Elsayed, Naglaa (2009). "Programming Without Coding Technology - Innovative Project (offline source)" (PDF). Al Gomhuria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-18.
  7. ↑ Hawas, Mones (29 May 2018). "Progress in developing PWCT 2.0". youm7.com. youm7.
  8. ↑ "Top 5 Education Software of the Week". SourceForge. 27 April 2018.
  9. ↑ "Free software: the best freeware from October 2018 - Includes (You can make almost anything with PWCT)". Computer Total Magazine. Computer!Totaal. 7 October 2018.
  10. ↑ "Programming Without Coding Technology Review" (PDF). AL-AALEM Magazine. AL-AALEM the Scientists Magazine, Issue No. 116, Pages 26-27 Deposit number 18/0157. November 2008. ISSN 1319-6545.
  11. 1 2 Chin, Jerry M.; et al. (2013). "A String Search Marketing Application Using Visual Programming" (PDF). e-Journal of Business Education and Scholarship of Teaching.
  12. ↑ Frandsen, A. B., Jensen, R., & Lisby, M. Ø. (2013). Auditory & Visual Debugging.
  13. ↑ PWCT Team (26 December 2005). "PWCT Home (Sourceforge)". SourceForge.
  14. ↑ PWCT Team (2 January 2021). "PWCT News (New Releases)". pwct.org.
  15. ↑ Phalake, V.S. and Joshi, S.D. Low Code Development Platform for Digital Transformation. In Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies (ICTCS 2020) (pp. 689-697). Springer, Singapore.
  16. ↑ da Silva, A.M.O.P., Orchestration for Automatic Decentralization in Visually-defined IoT, 2020.
  17. ↑ PWCT Team (2 January 2021). "PWCT Environment Reference". pwct.org.
  18. ↑ PWCT Team. "Visual Programming in PWCT". pwct.org.
  19. ↑ PWCT Team. "PWCT Features - Practical Editor". pwct.org.
  20. ↑ SRINIVAS N.C. A (January 2013). "Educational Software Tools - Programming Without Coding Technology - Electronics For You Magazine" (PDF). EFY Group.
  21. ↑ Patel, S. and Jena, S.R., 2022. Internet of Things (IoT): Theory and Applications. Scholars' Press.
  22. ↑ Dhanaraj, R.K., Jena, S.R., Yadav, A.K. and Rajasekar, V., 2021. Mastering Disruptive Technologies: Applications of Cloud Computing, IoT, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Techniques. HP Hamilton Limited, UK.
  23. ↑ Alohali, Y.A. et al, A machine learning model to predict citation counts of scientific papers in otology field. BioMed Research International, 2022.
  24. ↑ Alohali, Y.A. et al, 2023. Machine Learning and Cochlear Implantation: Predicting the Post-Operative Electrode Impedances. Electronics, 12(12), p.2720.
  25. ↑ Sen, Arnab. GALADE: A Round-Trip Graphical Modelling Tool for Abstraction Layered Architecture Applications. Diss. Auckland University of Technology, 2021.

Further reading

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