1994 Panamanian general election
8 May 1994
Presidential election
 
Nominee Ernesto Pérez Balladares Mireya Moscoso
Party PRD Liberal
Running mate Tomas Altamirano Duque Dominador Baldomero Bazán
Popular vote 355,307 310,372
Percentage 33.30% 29.09%
President before election

Guillermo Endara
Panameñista

 Elected President

Ernesto Pérez Balladares
PRD

General elections were held in Panama on 8 May 1994, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new Legislative Assembly.

Ernesto Pérez Balladares stood as a candidate for the Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), opposing Mireya Moscoso of the Arnulfista Party and the salsa singer Rubén Blades, who was then president of the party Papa Egoro. In the 1989 general election, Pérez Balladares had served as the campaign manager for Carlos Duque, the hand-picked candidate of military ruler Manuel Noriega, and his 1994 opponents sought to emphasize his connection with Noriega, broadcasting pictures of the two together.[1] Pérez Balladares denied the link, describing the current PRD as "diametrically opposed" to Noriega's policies.[2] Instead, he worked to position himself as a successor to Torrijos, who was regarded as a national hero. The incumbent Arnulfista Party, meanwhile, was seen as hobbled by dissatisfaction with the perceived incompetence and corruption of Endara's government.[2] He ultimately won the election with 33% of the vote, with Moscoso receiving 29% and Blades receiving 17%.[3]

The PRD "also achieved an effective majority in the new National Assembly. The big surprise was not the victory of the PRD, but the nearly successful challenge of Mireya Moscoso de Gruber, the candidate of the Arnulfista Party".[4]

Results

President

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Ernesto Pérez BalladaresUnited People AllianceDemocratic Revolutionary Party326,09530.57
Labor and Agrarian Party17,0461.60
Republican Liberal Party12,1661.14
Total355,30733.30
Mireya MoscosoDemocratic AllianceArnulfista Party211,78019.85
Liberal Party46,7754.38
Authentic Liberal Party43,7974.11
Independent Democrat Union8,0200.75
Total310,37229.09
Rubén BladesMother Earth Movement182,40517.10
Rubén Dario CarlesAlliance for Change '94Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement115,47810.82
National Renewal Movement32,1223.01
Civic Renewal Party23,5922.21
Total171,19216.05
Eduardo VallarinoChristian Democratic Party25,4762.39
Samuel Lewis GalindoNational ConcertationSolidarity Party9,3040.87
National Unity Mission Party9,1200.85
Total18,4241.73
José Salvador MuñozDoctrinaire Panameñista Party3,6680.34
Total1,066,844100.00
Valid votes1,066,84496.58
Invalid/blank votes37,7343.42
Total votes1,104,578100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,499,45173.67
Source: Nohlen[5]

National Assembly

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
United People AllianceDemocratic Revolutionary Party236,31922.8630
Labor and Agrarian Party28,1722.731
Republican Liberal Party24,9792.422
Total289,47028.0133
Democratic AllianceArnulfista Party150,21714.5314
Liberal Party35,5163.442
Authentic Liberal Party31,0453.002
Independent Democrat Union13,1061.271
Total229,88422.2419
Alliance for Change '94Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement116,83311.305
National Renewal Movement68,5816.641
Civic Renewal Party57,5905.573
Total243,00423.519
Mother Earth Movement99,7609.656
National ConcertationSolidarity Party67,3066.514
National Unity Mission Party27,0172.610
Total94,3239.134
Christian Democratic Party66,4116.431
Doctrinaire Panameñista Party10,7201.040
Total1,033,572100.0072
Valid votes1,033,57294.67
Invalid/blank votes58,1845.33
Total votes1,091,756100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,499,45172.81
Source: Nohlen[6]

References

  1. ↑ Howard W. French (February 21, 1994). "Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  2. 1 2 Douglas Farah (May 9, 1994). "Panamanians Vote in Peace, Picking Ex-Aide of Noriega; Millionaire Perez Balladares Bests Widow of Four-Time President". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Panama". University of Missouri-Saint Louis. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  4. ↑ Falcoff, Mark. The 1994 Panamanian elections: post-election report. Washington: CSIS Americas Program. 1994. Pp. 1.
  5. ↑ Elections in the Americas : a data handbook / ed. by Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. [Oxford] [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. Pp.534.
  6. ↑ Elections in the Americas : a data handbook / ed. by Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. [Oxford] [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. Pp.528.
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