Parenchymia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
(unranked): Protostomia
(unranked): Spiralia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Clade: Parenchymia
Phyla

Parenchymia is a proposed clade encompassing Nemertea and Platyhelminthes. The clade was suggested in a 2019 study showing the clade as a sister to Annelida, with both groups together being sister to Lophophorata. The synapomorphies include similar organization of ciliary bands in the larva of both groups, as well as a lack of chitin, and is named for the abundant parenchyma found between the body wall and internal organs of both.[1] A similar taxon, with Mollusca being likewise linked together with Symbion and Entoprocta, has been proposed in a clade called Tetraneuralia.[2]

Phylogeny

 Protostomia 

Ecdysozoa

 Spiralia (s.l.) /

Gnathifera



 Lophotrochozoa / 
 Tetraneuralia 
 

Mollusca

Entoprocta


 
 

Gastrotricha

 Lophophorata 
 
 

Ectoprocta

Phoronida

Brachiopoda

Annelida

 Parenchymia 
 

Platyhelminthes

Nemertea

 Platytrochozoa / 
Spiralia (s.s.)
 Gnathospiralia 

References

  1. ↑ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30639106. S2CID 58562919.
  2. ↑ Bleidorn, Christoph (2019-08-22). "Recent progress in reconstructing lophotrochozoan (spiralian) phylogeny". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 19 (4): 557–566. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00412-4. ISSN 1439-6092. S2CID 201283619.


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