Glacial Apollo
Paratype of P. g. shikokuensis from Isizuchi, Shikoku, Japan
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Parnassius
Species:
P. glacialis
Binomial name
Parnassius glacialis
Butler, 1866
In Mount Ryōzen, Japan

Parnassius glacialis, the glacial Apollo or Japanese clouded Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly found in Japan, eastern China, and Korea. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).[1]

Description

P. glacialis (Takashi et al. 2001) is much larger than Parnassius stubbendorfi of which it was once considered a subspecies. The blackish grey central spot of the cell is sometimes connected with the apical cell-spot by fuscous dusting along the sides of the cell, and the submarginal band of the forewing is more or less distinct and complete. The abdominal area of hindwing is deep black as far as the cell, clothed with white hairs; on and along the veins with blackish dusting. Collar, coxae and abdomen are laterally clothed with yellow or reddish yellow hairs. The wing underside is slightly yellow. In some Japanese specimens (from Hakodate) the cell-spots and the submarginal band of the forewing have entirely disappeared, or are only feebly indicated.[2]

Classification

P. glacialis has fifteen subspecies[3] (mostly described by Felix Bryk and Curt Eisner). For a list of subspecies types in the British Museum (Natural History), see Ackery, P. R. (1973) A list of the type-specimens of Parnassius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 29 (1) (9.XI.1973): 1—35, 1 pl.[4]

Range

It is found in eastern China, Korea and Japan. The type locality is "in Hakodadi (North Japan)" (by lectotype designation).Hakodadi is located near the southern limit of Hokkaido.

Status

This butterfly is abundant but threatened by urbanisation in some areas.

Identification

The Parnassius genus of butterflies is often hard to identify and can sometimes only be identified by dissection of the genitalia.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ D'Abrera, Bernard, 1990 Butterflies of the Holarctic Region: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae and Satyridae (Partim) (Butterflies of the World) Hill House Publishers ISBN 0646012029
  2. ↑ Stichel in Seitz, 1906 (Parnassius). Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Groß-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, Stuttgart.
  3. ↑ Palanisamy, Giri; San gil, Inigo (2010-07-03). "The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)". SciVee. doi:10.4016/19006.01. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
  4. ↑ British Museum (Natural History) (1973–74). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. London Natural History Museum Library. London : BM(NH).
  5. ↑ Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
  • Takashi Yagi, Toru Katoh, Anton Chichvarkhin, Tsutomu Shinkawa and Keiichi Omoto, 2001 “Molecular phylogeny of butterflies Parnassius glacialis and P. stubbendorfii at various localities in East Asia” Genes Genet. Syst. Vol. 76 229-234
  • Nemoto T & Inomata T, 1994 Geographical and individual variations of the genus Parnassius Latreille, 1804: Parnassius stubbendorfii Ménétriès, 1848 8 pp 117–132; col pl 56–63; fig 43–46; stapled series eds: Ohya A & Inomata T;in: Illustrations of selected insects in the world [A, Lepidoptera].

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parnassius glacialis.
Wikispecies has information related to Parnassius glacialis.
  • Funet Taxonomy, distribution
  • Images
  • Takashi Yagi1, Toru Katoh, Anton Chichvarkhin,Tsutomu Shinkawa and Keiichi Omoto Molecular phylogeny of butterflies Parnassius glacialis and P. stubbendorfii at various localities in East Asia
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.