Patom Highlands
Патомское нагорье
Geological Map of the Lena Goldfields
Highest point
Peakunnamed
Elevation1,904 m (6,247 ft)
Coordinates57°39′08″N 117°47′19″E / 57.65222°N 117.78861°E / 57.65222; 117.78861
Dimensions
Length500 km (310 mi)
Width300 km (190 mi)
Geography
Patom Highlands is located in Irkutsk Oblast
Patom Highlands
Location in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
CountryRussia
Federal subjectIrkutsk Oblast/
Transbaikal Krai
Range coordinates59°N 115°E / 59°N 115°E / 59; 115
Parent rangeSouth Siberian System
Geology
OrogenyAlpine orogeny
Age of rockProterozoic and Lower Paleozoic (North)
Type of rockCrystalline schist, limestone, quartzite
Climbing
Easiest routeFrom Bodaybo

The Patom Highlands (Russian: Патомское нагорье)[1] are a mountainous area in Eastern Siberia, Russia. Administratively most of the territory of the uplands is part of Irkutsk Oblast, with a smaller section in northern Transbaikal Krai.[2]

There are large deposits of gold in Bodaybo and Artyomovsky. Besides these two towns, other inhabited localities of the mountain region are: Mama, Perevoz, Kropotkin, Svetly and Bolshoy Patom, Bodaybinsky District.[3]

History

In 1912 there was a massacre of striking workers of the Lena Goldfields, located in the Patom Highlands between the Lena and Vitim rivers. Strikers were protesting about harsh working conditions. Soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army intervened and fired upon protesters, causing hundreds of casualties. The incident provoked wide outrage across pre-revolutionary Russia when Alexander Kerensky reported it in the Duma.[4]

The name of the highlands was first proposed by Peter Kropotkin in 1868.[5]

Geography

The Patom Highlands are bound by rivers Lena, Vitim and Chara. To the north the valley of the Lena separates the highlands from the Lena Plateau and to the southwest the Vitim River, a right tributary of the Lena, separates it from the Stanovoy and North Baikal Highlands. To the south rises the Kropotkin Range and beyond it the valley of the Vitim. To the east flows the Chara River, a left tributary of the Olyokma River of the Lena basin, which separates the highland area from the Olyokma-Chara Plateau.[6] To the southeast the Patom Highlands connect with the Kodar Range of Transbaikalia.[7][8]

the river valleys cutting across the highlands are usually deep. Many rivers have their sources in the highlands, including some right tributaries of the Vitim, left tributaries of the Chara, such as the Zhuya and Malba, and right tributaries of Lena, such as the Big Patom and Little Patom Rivers. The average height of the mountainous area is between 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) and 1,300 meters (4,300 ft). The highest point is a 1,924 metres (6,312 ft) high unnamed summit located at 57°39′8″N 117°47′19″E / 57.65222°N 117.78861°E / 57.65222; 117.78861 in the southeastern end, southeast of Lake Nichatka in the Transbaikal Krai zone.[7] Golets Longdor is a 1,771 metres (5,810 ft) high peak located at 58°25′14″N 116°46′12″E / 58.42056°N 116.77000°E / 58.42056; 116.77000.[9]

The Patom crater is a cone of crushed limestone blocks located on the slopes of the Patom Highlands.[10]

Sample of stromatolitic limestone — Chencha Formation, upper Neoproterozoic
The Patom crater rising above the taiga of the highlands

Climate and flora

The climate prevailing in the upland is extreme continental and cold. The average annual temperature is −5.5 °C (22.1 °F). In January the temperature goes down to −31 °C (−24 °F) and in July the temperature reaches a maximum of 18 °C (64 °F).[11]

There are taiga forests of conifers, mostly larch, in the slopes of the mountains up to 900 meters (3,000 ft) to 1,100 meters (3,600 ft), often mixed with Siberian pine. At higher altitudes these give way to thickets of dwarf Siberian pine up to a height of 1,200 meters (3,900 ft). Further up the mountaintops are covered with stony tundra.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Issue 383. Quaternary deposits of the extreme northeast of the USSR(in Russian
  2. ↑ Google Earth
  3. ↑ "O-50 Chart (in Russian)". Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  4. ↑ Melancon, MS (2006) The Lena Goldfields Massacre and the Crisis of the Late Tsarist State, Texas A&M University Press P167
  5. ↑ Olekminsko-Vitimsky expedition for examining the cattle driving route from the Olekminsky mines in the city of Chita / Brief report of the city of Krapotkin // Izvestia Imp. Russian geographic islands - 1868. - T. 4, No. 1. - Dep. - 2 p. 95 (in Russian)
  6. ↑ Физическая география СССР - Ландшафтные области гор Южной Сибири - Байкальско-Становая область
  7. 1 2 3 Патомское нагорье, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, (in Russian)
  8. ↑ Small encyclopedia of Transbaikalia - Patom Highlands (in Russian)
  9. ↑ Физическая география СССР
  10. ↑ Patom crater - a unique geological object in Eastern Siberia // “Science in Siberia” No. 43 (2778) October 28, 2010 (in Russian)
  11. ↑ World Climate
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