Pentapodus emeryii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Nemipteridae
Genus: Pentapodus
Species:
P. emeryii
Binomial name
Pentapodus emeryii
(Richardson, 1843)
Synonyms[2]
  • Mesoprion emeryii Richardson, 1843
  • Heterognathodon nemurus Bleeker, 1853
  • Pentapus nemurus (Bleeker, 1853)

Pentapodus emeryii, the double whiptail, purple threadfin bream or blue whiptail, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy

Pentapodus emeryii was first formally described in 1843 by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer John Richardson with its type locality given as Barrow Island in Western Australia.[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Pentapodus within the family Nemipteridae which it places in the order Spariformes.[4]

Etymology

Pentapodus emeryii has a specific name which honours the artist, amateur naturalist and First Lieutenant aboard the HMS Beagle during an 1837-1841 survey of the Australian coast, James Barker Emery. Emery drew illustrations of specimens collected on the expedition which were used in descriptions of new species, including of this species.[5]

Description

Pentapodus emeryii has its dorsal fin supported by 10 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 7 soft rays. The scales on the head extend as far as the rear nostrils. The suborbital is scaleless. The pelvic fins are moderately long, nearly extending as far as the anus.[2] There is a wide yellow stripe from the tip of the pointed snout to the eye, where it divides into two thinner stripes, one running along the middle flank to the caudal peduncle, with an upper strip running from the eye to the rear end of the dorsal fin. The back is blue and the underside is white. The caudal fin is iridescent blue with the caudal fins of adults having long, trailing filaments from each lobe.[6] This species has a maximum published total length of 35 cm (14 in) although 18 cm (7.1 in) standard length is more typical.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Pentapodus emeryii is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. It is found off northwestern Australia, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea the Philippines.[1] This species is found at depths between 2 and 35 m (6 ft 7 in and 114 ft 10 in) on clear coastal reef slopes.[2]

Biology

Pentapodus emeryii is a solitary species which may gather into small aggregations.[2] It feeds on small fishes, crustaceans, brittle stars, and sipunculids.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 Collen, B.; Richman, N.; Beresford, A.; Chenery, A. & Ram, M. (Sampled Red List Index Coordinating Team) (2010). "Pentapodus emeryii (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T155300A4769955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155300A4769955.en. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Pentapodus emeryii" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Petntapodus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
  5. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  6. ↑ "Pentapodus emeryii". Reef Life Survey. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  7. ↑ B. C. Russell (2001). "Nemipteridae". In Carpenter, K.E. & Neim, Volker H. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 5: Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO Rome. p. 3084.
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