Pershing House
Pershing House, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
Pershing House
Fort Sam Houston
Pershing House is located in Texas
Pershing House
Pershing House
Pershing House is located in the United States
Pershing House
Pershing House
LocationStaff Post Rd., Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
 United States
Coordinates29°26′42″N 98°28′10″W / 29.44500°N 98.46944°W / 29.44500; -98.46944
Area10,830 square feet (1,000 m2)
Built1881
ArchitectAlfred Giles
Architectural styleEarly Texas Victorian
Part ofFort Sam Houston (ID75001950)
NRHP reference No.74002058
Added to NRHP30 July 1974

Pershing House has been the residence of the commanding officers of Fort Sam Houston since 1881. Located in Bexar County, San Antonio, Texas, the military post is currently part of Joint Base San Antonio.[1] The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on 30 July 1974. After the Texas annexation to the Union in 1845, the United States Army became a steady presence in what was then designated the Department of Texas,[2] providing a line of defense during both the 1846–1848 Mexican–American War, and the Texas–Indian wars that ended with the 1875 surrender of Comanche chief Quanah Parker at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.[3][4] The combining of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph Air Force Base, Lackland Air Force Base and Martindale Army Airfield, to create Joint Base San Antonio, took place in 2009.[5]

Following the end of the American Civil War, the United States Department of War accepted an offer from San Antonio for three parcels of land on which the United States Army would construct Fort Sam Houston. The site and its surrounding area would come to be known as Government Hill.[3] Edward Braden Construction began work on the project in 1876. Architect Alfred Giles designed the general staff quarters, as well as the commanding general's quarters, now known at Pershing House.[3] Constructed in 1881 at a cost of $17,076 (equivalent to $457,000 in 2020), it was originally designated as "Quarters No. 6, Staff Post".[6] The 10,830 square feet (1,000 m2), two-story house has eleven rooms, six full bathrooms and one half bath.[FN 1] In various phases during the 20th century, improvements included an enclosed porch and upgrades to plumbing, electricity and air conditioning.[8]

While under its original name, the house would become the residence of 16 succeeding commanding officers. They were some of the most accomplished leaders in the United States Army prior to their being given charge of the base. The first occupant of the house was Major General Christopher C. Augur, a West Point graduate and veteran of several military conflicts, including the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.[9][10] Numerous Medal of Honor recipients have resided there.[11]

The house has been referred to by its current name since John J. Pershing served as the base commanding officer in 1917, following his participation in the Pancho Villa Expedition.[12] He was at Fort Sam Houston only two months before being given charge of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe.[13] Pershing held the rank of General of the Armies. The only other American to hold that rank was George Washington.[13] The names of all the occupants from 1881 through 1973 appear on two brass-plated plaques that were initially created in the 1950s by Julia Cotton White, wife of General Isaac D. White, who was then serving as commanding officer. She presented them as a gift to Fort Sam Houston, and they were kept up to date by succeeding residents at least through 1973 when the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[6]

Commanding officer chronology 1881 through 1973

Key to military ranks

Key to burial sites

ANC Arlington National Cemetery CC Congressional Cemetery FB Fort Bliss National Cemetery
FSH Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery FSPC Fort Sill Post Cemetery LVC Lake View Cemetery
MAG Magnolia Cemetery MAN Mansfield Cemetery OC Oakwood Cemetery
SFNC San Francisco National Cemetery SB Santa Barbara Cemetery SMEC St. Mary's Episcopal Churchyard
SAHNC United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery WP West Point Cemetery

Residents

Fort Sam Houston commanding officers who lived at Pershing House 1881 through 1973[11]
Residency Name Rank Image Birth–Death Burial site Notes Refs
1881–1883 Christopher C. Augur BG Christopher Augur (1821–1898) ANC Veteran of the American Civil War. Burned Native American villages during the Texas Red River War, in conjunction with the military actions of Ranald S. Mackenzie [14]
1883 Ranald S. Mackenzie BG Ranald S. Mackenzie (1840–1899) WP Union general during the American Civil War, later fought in numerous Texas–Indian wars [15]
1883–1884 John M. Schofield LG John M. Schofield (1831–1906) ANC Medal of Honor for action at the August 10, 1861 Battle of Wilson's Creek. Schofield Barracks in Hawaii named for him. [16]
1884–1892 David S. Stanley BG David S. Stanley (1828–1902) SAHNC Medal of Honor for action November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin [17]
1892–1895 Frank Wheaton MG Frank Wheaton (1833–1903) ANC Served in the American Civil War and Indian Wars. Inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame [18]
1895–1897 Zenas R. Bliss MG Zenas R. Bliss (1835–1900) ANC Medal of Honor for actions at the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg [19]
1897–1898 William Montrose Graham MG
—
 (1834–1916) CC Peninsula campaign, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Malvern Hill, Spanish–American War [20]
1899–1901 Chambers McKibbin BG
—
 (1841–1918) ANC Brigadier General of volunteers and conscripts, Santiago campaign [21]
1902–1904 Frederick Dent Grant MG Frederick Dent Grant (1850–1912) WP U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary (1889–1893); New York City Police Commissioner (1895–1897). Son of Ulysses S. Grant [22]
1904–1906 Jesse M. Lee BG
—
 (1843–1926) ANC Served in the American Civil War. Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War Boxer Rebellion [23]
1906–1907 William S. McCaskey MG
—
 (1843–1914) SFNC Enlisted at the start of the Battle of Fort Sumter; participated in Sherman's March to the Sea [24]
1907–1910 Albert L. Myer BG
—
 (1846–1914) OC Acting Alcalde of Ponce, Puerto Rico, during the United States Puerto Rico campaign [25]
1910–1911 Ralph Wilson Hoyt BG Ralph Wilson Hoytalt=Ralph Wilson Holt (1849–1920) LVC Service in the Spanish–American War and the Puerto Rico campaign [26]
1911–1912 Joseph Wilson Duncan BG
—
 (1853–1912) ANC First Battle of Bud Dajo, Philippine Islands [27]
1913–1915 Tasker H. Bliss CSA Tasker H. Blilss (1853–1930) ANC Chief of Staff of the United States Army, American Permanent Military Representative, Supreme War Council [28]
1915–1917 Frederick Funston MG Frederick Funston (1865–1917) SFNC Medal of Honor for April 27, action at 1899 Calumpit, Luzon, Philippine Islands [29]
1917 John J. Pershing GA John J. Pershing (1860–1948) ANC Arrived February 21, 1917, departed May 2 to take charge of American Expeditionary Forces in Europe [13]
1917 James Parker MG James Parker (1854–1934) SMEC Medal of Honor for actions on December 4, 1899, during the Philippine–American War [30]
1917–1918 John Wilson Ruckman MG
—
 (1858–1921) WP Presided over the trial of black soldiers following the Houston riot of 1917, and ordered the verdicts kept secret, with no appeals. Relieved of command May 1918 [31]
1918 Willard Ames Holbrook MG Willard Ames Holbrook (1860–1932) ANC Graduate of US Military Academy, served during the Philippine–American War Civil Governor of the province of Antique, Panay in the Philippine Islands [32]
1918–1919 DeRosey Caroll Cabell MG DeRosey C. Cabell (1861–1924) SFNC Former Chief of Staff to John J. Pershing [33]
1919–1921 Joseph T. Dickman MG Joseph T. Dickman (1857–1927) ANC Commanding General, VIII Corps Area [34]
1921–1922 John L. Hines CSA John Hines (1868–1968) ANC Veteran of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War [35]
1922–1924 Edward Mann Lewis MG Edward Mann Lewis (1863–1949) SFNC Served in the Spanish–American War [36]
1924–1925 Charles Pelot Summerall 4SG Charles Pelot Summerall (1867–1955) ANC Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1926–1930; president of The Citadel 1931–1953 [37]
1925–1928 Ernest Hinds MG Ernest Hinds (1864–1941) FSH Chief of Artillery for the American Expeditionary Forces [38]
1928 Thomas Quinton Donaldson Jr. MG
—
 (1864–1934) ANC Veteran of the Wounded Knee Massacre [39]
1928–1930 William Lassiter MG William Lassiter (1867–1959) SB Spanish–American War, World War I [40]
1930–1933 Edwin B. Winans MG Ernest B. Wimans (1869–1947) WP World War I, Pancho Villa Expedition (aka Punitive Expedition, U.S. Army), Philippine–American War [41]
1933–1936 Johnson Hagood MG Johnson Hagood (1873–1948) MAG West Point graduate; removed from command in Texas following his public criticism of President Roosevelt's funding of the WPA. [42]
1936 Frank Parker MG Frank Parker (1872–1947) MAN Served in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, South America, China, France [43]
1936–1940 Herbert Jay Brees LG Herbert Ja Brees (1877–1958) FSH Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II [44]
1941–1942 Walter Krueger 4SG Walter Kruger (1881–1967) ANC Commander of the Sixth United States Army in the South Pacific [45]
1942–1943 Courtney Hodges 4SG Courtney Hodges (1887–1966) ANC Commanded First U.S. Army 1944–45 [46]
1944 William Hood Simpson 4SG William Hood Simpson (1888–1990) ANC Commanding General of the Ninth United States Army European Theater of Operations during World War II. [47]
1944–1945 John P. Lucas MG John P. Lucas (1890–1949) ANC Commander of VI Corps during the Battle of Anzio (Operation Shingle) in the Italian Campaign of World War II. [48]
1945 Alexander Patch 4SG Alexander Patch (1889–1945) WP World War II, commander U.S. Army and Marine Corps forces during the Guadalcanal campaign in the Pacific, and the Seventh Army on the Western Front in Europe. [49]
1946–1947 Jonathan M. Wainwright 4SG Jonathan M. Wainwright (1883–1953) ANC World War II Commander of US forces 12 March to 7 May 1942 during the fall of the Philippines. [50]
1947–1949 Thomas T. Handy 4SG Thomas T. Handy (1892–1982) ANC World War I and World War II [51]
1949–1952 LeRoy Lutes LG LeRoy Lutes (1890–1980) ANC World War II commanding general of the Fourth United States Army. [52]
1952–1953 William M. Hoge 4SG William M. Hoge (1894–1979) ANC Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star for heroism under fire during World War I; also served in World War II and the Korean War. [53]
1953 John E. Dahlquist 4SG John E. Dahlquist (1896–1975) ANC World War II, Cold War,. His utilization of the Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team led to them being the most highly decorated unit in the history of the US Armed Forces. [54]
1953–1955 Isaac D. White 4SG Isaac D. White (1901–1990) Unknown Commanding General of the United States Constabulary for the European Command, and of X Corps during the Korean War. [55]
1955–1958 John Howell Collier LG Howell Collier (1899–1980) FSH Commander of 2nd Armored Division units in World War II and as the Inspector of Armor, Office of the Chief of Army Field Forces. [56]
1958–1959 Guy S. Meloy Jr. 4SG Gus S. Meloy (1903–1964) ANC Served as commander of all U.S. forces in Korea during the Cold War. [57]
1959–1961 Edward Thomas Williams LG Edward Thomas Williams (1901–1973) FSH Chief of artillery for the Third United States Army in Europe during World War II, commander of the United States Army Field Artillery Center. [58]
1961–1962 Donald Prentice Booth LG Donald Prentice Booth (1902–1993) ANC Chief of Staff, Persian Gulf Command 1944–45, U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands 1958–1961 [59]
1962–1964 Carl H. Jark LG
—
 (1905–1984) FSH When Jark retired, Texas Congressman Henry B. González read his military record into the Congressional Record [60]
1964–1966 Robert Wesley Colglazier Jr. LG Robert Wesley Colglazier, Jr. (1904–1993) FSH He was the highest-ranking member of the Army Reserve on duty with the Regular Army at the time of his retirement. [61]
1966–1967 Thomas W. Dunn LG
—
 (1908–1983) WP World War II, the Korean War [62]
1967–1968 Lawrence Joseph Lincoln LG
—
 (1909–2000) ANC Distinguished Service Medal for services to the War Department during World War II. [63]
1968–1971 Harry H. Critz LG
—
 (1912–1982) FSPC Service in Europe until 1948, returning to Fort Sill. Korean War in 1953 and 1954. Commander of the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center, Fort Sill. [64]
1971 George G. O'Connor LG
—
 (1914–1971) WP World War II service in the Battle of Luzon, commander of the 4th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War and of the VII Corps in West Germany. [65]
1971 George V. Underwood Jr. 4SG George V. Underwood, Jr. (1913–1984) FB Multiple tours of duty in San Franicsco, Hawaii and China; Assistant to the Special Representative of China envoy General George C. Marshall.1966 Commanding General, 32d Artillery Brigade, in Kaiserslautern, Germany. [66]
1971–1973 Patrick F. Cassidy LG
—
 (1915–1990) FSH World War II veteran, Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion, 502d Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. [67]

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ In the United States, a "half bath" is a bathroom with a sink and toilet, but no bathtub.[7]

References

  1. ↑ "Joint Base San Antonio > Information > JBSA History & Fact Sheets". The Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ↑ "Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821–1920". National Archives. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Manguso, John. "Fort Sam Houston". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "The Red River War | TSLAC". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  5. ↑ "History of 502d Air Base Wing". Joint Base San Antonio. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  6. 1 2 NRHP 1974, p. 1.
  7. ↑ "Definition of HALF BATH". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  8. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 2.
  9. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 6.
  10. ↑ "Augur, Christopher Columbus". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. 1 2 NRHP 1974, pp. 6–7.
  12. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 4.
  13. 1 2 3 "Pershing, John Joseph". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Wooster, Robert. "Christopher Columbus Augur". Handbook of Texas online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  15. ↑ "TSHA | Mackenzie, Ranald Slidell". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "John Mcallister Schofield | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  17. ↑ "David Sloane Stanley | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  18. ↑ "Gen. Frank Wheaton". Lincoln County Leader. 21 August 1903. p. Image 7, cols 3–4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  19. ↑ "Zenas Randall Bliss | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.; "TSHA | Bliss, Zenas Randall". Handook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  20. ↑ "Death of General Graham, Retired Army Officer". Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910–1922, January 17, 1916, Image 1. 17 January 1916. p. 1, col. 5. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.; "Antietam: Capt William Montrose Graham". Antietam on the Web. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  21. ↑ "Gen M'Kibben Dies At Home in the City". Evening Star. 30 December 1918. p. 2, Image 2. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  22. ↑ "Frederick Dent Grant (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  23. ↑ "Maj. Gen Jesse M. Lee, Native Hoosier, Famous Soldier, Dies,PT 1". The Indianapolis Star. 27 March 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.;"Maj. Gen Jesse M. Lee, Native Hoosier, Famous Soldier, Dies,PT 2". The Indianapolis Star. 27 March 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  24. ↑ "McCaskey: William McCaskey Civil War Letters, 1862–1865". LancasterHistory. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.;"Taps Sound for General McCaskey". The Semi-Weekly New Era. 26 August 1914. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  25. ↑ "Mayor's Office, City of Ponce, P.R., USA, Alpublico". 6 December 1899. p. 1, Col. 3. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  26. ↑ Register of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. The Society. 1899. p. 196. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  27. ↑ "Hero of Mt. Dajo Expects Promotion". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 23 February 1907. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  28. ↑ Keillers, John. "Soldier and Statesman: Tasker H. Bliss". U. S. Army Military History Institute. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  29. ↑ "Frederick Funston Sr. | Philippine Insurrection | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  30. ↑ "James Parker | Philippine Insurrection | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  31. ↑ Spring 2021, John A. Haymond (22 June 2021). "Tempest in Texas: The Controversial Courts-Martial of an All-Black Regiment". HistoryNet. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ "Major General Holbrook". The Dunn County News. 28 July 1932. p. 3. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.;"Distinguished Service Medal Williad Ames Holbrook". Military Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  33. ↑ "Veteran Army Chieftain Dies". The Los Angeles Times. 16 March 1924. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.;"Distinguished Service Medal DeRosey Carroll Cabell". Military Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  34. ↑ "Third Army/ARCENT/CFLCC – CGs Bio". 9 June 2007. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  35. ↑ "American War Hero Stamps". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2022.; "John Leonard Hines". United States Army. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  36. ↑ "Edward Mann Lewis". United States Army Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  37. ↑ "General Charles Pelot Summerall – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army". United States Army. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  38. ↑ "Ernest Hinds". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  39. ↑ Russell, Sam (1 February 2014). "Second Lieutenant Thomas Quinton Donaldson, C Troop, 7th Cavarly [sic]". Army at Wounded Knee. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.; "Donaldson Was Indian Fighter – obit Nov 1, 1934". The Greenville News. 1 November 1934. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  40. ↑ "William Lassiter Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star". Military Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2018.;"Obituary for William Lassiter (Aged 91)". The Times Dispatch. 30 March 1959. p. 6. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  41. ↑ "Major General Edwin B. Winans". United States Army, Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.; "Huachuca Illustrated, volume 2, 1996: Major General Edwin B. Winans". net.lib.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  42. ↑ "West Point Association of Graduates". www.westpointaog.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  43. ↑ "Obituary for Frank Parker (Aged 74) - Newspapers.com". Battle Creek Enquirer. 14 March 1947. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
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  45. ↑ "Walter Krueger". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.; "World War II – Asiatic-Pacific Theater Campaigns | U.S. Army Center of Military History". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
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  51. ↑ "GEN Thomas Troy Handy". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
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  53. ↑ "Biography of General William Morris Hoge (1894–1979), USA". The Generals of WWII. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.;"General Hoge Buried". The Kansas City Star. 4 November 1979. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  54. ↑ "GEN John Ernest Dahlquist". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  55. ↑ "Isaac D. White". United States Army, Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  56. ↑ "Collier-Generals from the USA". The Generals of WWII. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  57. ↑ "Retired Army General Dies". The Kilgore News Herald. 15 December 1968. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.;"Guy S. Meloy". ANC. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
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  59. ↑ "LTG Donald Prentice Booth". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  60. ↑ Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1964. p. 17315. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  61. ↑ "Leaves Army". Reading Eagle. 15 January 1966. p. 3. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  62. ↑ "LTG Thomas Weldon Dunn". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  63. ↑ "Fourth to Welcome Its New Commander". San Antonio Express. 2 July 1967. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.;"Lt. Gen. Lincoln dies at 91". The Times. 13 July 2000. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.;"Lawrence Joseph Lincoln, Lieutenant General, United States Army". arlingtoncemetery.net. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.;"Lawrence Lincoln – Recipient –". Military Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  64. ↑ "Harry H. Critz". Military Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2018.; "Retired General Critz Dies at Fort Sill Hospital". Oklahoman.com. 4 May 1982. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  65. ↑ "West Point Association of Graduates". www.westpointaog.org. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  66. ↑ "General George V. Underwood, Jr". The Military Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  67. ↑ "LTG Patrick Francis Cassidy". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

Bibliography

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