Phalaenopsis tetraspis
Flower of Phalaenopsis tetraspis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Species:
P. tetraspis
Binomial name
Phalaenopsis tetraspis
Synonyms
  • Phalaenopsis barrii King ex Hook.f.
  • Phalaenopsis speciosa Rchb.f.
  • Phalaenopsis speciosa var. christiana Rchb.f.
  • Phalaenopsis speciosa var. imperatrix Rchb.f.
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. alba O.Gruss & Koop.
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. brunneola O.Gruss & Koop.
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. christiana (E.S.Berk.) O.Gruss & W.E.Higgins
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. imperatrix (E.S.Berk.) O.Gruss & W.E.Higgins
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. livida O.Gruss & S.Tönne
  • Phalaenopsis tetraspis f. speciosa (Rchb.f.) O.Gruss & W.E.Higgins
  • Polychilos speciosa (Rchb.f.) Shim

Phalaenopsis tetraspis is a species of epiphytic orchid endemic to the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands and northwestern Sumatra.[1] It was originally erroneously published as a Himalayan species by Reichenbach, which was corrected by James Veitch 23 years after Heinrich Gustav Reichenbachs publication.[2] Mature specimens may have up to nine leaves, but usually plants have 4–5, elliptic-obovate, acute to obtuse, 20 cm long and 8 cm wide leaves. Showy, fleshy, fragrant flowers are produced on axillary, arching to subpendent racemes or panicles. A prominent feature of this species is the midlobe of the labellum, which is oblong, obtuse-subacute, and the apex is covered in dense trichomes.[3] The karyotype is asymmetric and nonuniform.[4]

Confusion with Phalaenopsis speciosa

Both names were assigned on the basis of preserved specimens by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. He saw differences in leaf colouration, in addition to floral and root morphology. These differences are however insignificant and both taxa differ solely in their floral colouration. The colouration is however a very transitory trait and various intermediate forms between red and white occur. The floral phenotype even shows temporal variations within singular individuals in subsequent seasons. Therefore, the sole reason of separation, which was the floral colouration, cannot be seen as a hard fact, but rather as a transitory characteristic, which does not legitimise a separate species status. Based on these observations Phalaenopsis speciosa was reduced to a synonym of Phalaenopsis tetraspis.[5]

Horticulture

As of February 2022, the International Orchid Register of the Royal Horticultural Society lists 187 registered hybrids involving Phalaenopsis tetraspis under the inclusion of its synonym Phalaenopsis speciosa. The taxonomic changes have only been sparingly adapted in horticulture and plants are often still sold as Phalaenopsis speciosa.

midlobe of the labellum densely covered in trichomes
close-up of flower with labeling

References

  1. ↑ "Phalaenopsis tetraspis Rchb.f. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". powo.science.kew.org. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  2. ↑ Higgins, Wesley. (2013). Phalaenopsis tetraspis & speciosa. Phalaenopsis Journal. 23. 2, 12-15, 2.
  3. ↑ Christenson, E. A. (2001). Phalaenopsis: a monograph. Timber Press (OR).
  4. ↑ Lee, Y. I., Chung, M. C., Kuo, H. C., Wang, C. N., Lee, Y. C., Lin, C. Y., ... & Yeh, C. H. (2017). The evolution of genome size and distinct distribution patterns of rDNA in Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 185(1), 65-80.
  5. ↑ Jayanthi, J., Karthigeyan, K., Sumathi, R., & Jalal, J. S. Taxonomic note on Phalaenopsis speciosa (Orchidaceae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.


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