Pleurothecium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
Savoryellomycetidae
Order:
Pleurotheciales
Family:
Pleurotheciaceae
Genus:
Pleurothecium

Höhn.[1]
Type species
Pleurothecium recurvatum

Pleurothecium is a genus of terrestrial and freshwater fungi in the family Pleurotheciaceae and the monotypic order Pleurotheciales.[2] It is typified by Pleurothecium recurvatum as the type species (Morgan) Höhn,[3][4] which has the synonym of Carpoligna pleurothecii F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf, Mycologia 9: 253. 1999.[3][5]

History

Fernández et al. (1999) established Carpoligna with the sexual stage of Carpoligna pleurothecii as the type species and sporulated asexual stage from culture, which was physically linked to Pleurothecium recurvatum.[6] Réblová et al. (2016) proposed to adopt Pleurothecium over Carpoligna (Art. F.8.1, Shenzhen code).[7] Thus, Carpoligna pleurothecii was then regarded as a synonym to Pleurothecium recurvatum.[4]

Based on morphological and molecular data, species Pleurotheciella was found to be closely related to the genera Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys in 2012.[8] This was before the creation of the family Pleurotheciaceae in 2015.

A key to the various species of Pleurothecium was provided by Monteiro et al. (2016).[9]

Description

Pleurothecium species are characterized by astromatic, semi-immersed to superficial, dark brown, venter subglobose to conical perithecia, with a papilla or short beak. They are sometimes lying toward the host, with or without setae (bristles), sparse or abundant, septate (having septa; divided by partitions), hyaline (transparent) paraphyses (sterile upward-growing, basally-attached hypha), unitunicate (single walled), cylindrical-clavate (club) shaped. They have a short-stipitate asci with a distinct, J-apical ring and hyaline (glass-like), 3-septate, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores without mucilaginous sheath or appendages. The asexual morphs have distinct brown conidiophores (conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks) and polyblastic, sympodially denticulate (having teeth-like structures) conidiogenous cells. It also has solitary, unicellular or septate, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, fusiform or clavate conidia, straight or slightly curved (Wu & Zhang 2009,[10] Réblová et al. 2012,[8] Luo et al. 2018,[11]).

Distribution and habitats

It has a scattered distribution, including places such as China and Thailand,[4][12] Taiwan,[13] North America, South America (including Brazil,[9]), parts of Europe (including the United Kingdom,[14]) Australia,[15] and also New Zealand.[16][17][18]

They are found in terrestrial (soils,[10]) and freshwater habits,[4][12] on submerged leaves and wood.[14]

Species

12 species are accepted by Species Fungorum;[19]

  • Pleurothecium aquaticum Z.L. Luo, H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde (2018)[12]
  • Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum J. Ma, Y.Z. Lu & K.D. Hyde (2023)
  • Pleurothecium bicoloratum R.F. Castañeda, J.S. Monteiro & Gusmão (2016)[9]
  • Pleurothecium clavatum Y.M. Wu & T.Y. Zhang (2009)
  • Pleurothecium floriforme Jing Yang & K.D. Hyde (2017)
  • Pleurothecium guttulatum H. Yang, K.D. Hyde & H. Zhang (2021)[4]
  • Pleurothecium magnum Subram. & Bhat (1989)
  • Pleurothecium malayense K. Matsush. & Matsush. (1996)
  • Pleurothecium obovoideum (Matsush.) Arzanlou & Crous (2007)
  • Pleurothecium pulneyense Subram. & Bhat (1989)
  • Pleurothecium recurvatum (Morgan) Höhn. (1923)
  • Pleurothecium semifecundum Réblová, Seifert & J. Fourn. (2012)[8]

Former species;

  • P. leptospermi J.A. Cooper (2005) = Anapleurothecium leptospermi, Pleurotheciaceae

References

  1. ↑ Höhn., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 37: 154. 1919.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
  3. 1 2 Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Newly recognized lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81. doi:10.3767/003158516X689819. PMC 5315292.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Shi, Lin; Yang, Hao; Hyde, Kevin D.; Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Wang, Gen-Nuo; Yu, Xian-Dong; Zhang, Huang (September 2021). "Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales". Phytotaxa. 518 (2): 143–166. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4.
  5. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Names Record". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  6. ↑ Fernández, F.A.; Lutzoni, F.M.; Huhndorf, S.M. (1999). "Teleomorph-anamorph connections: the new pyrenomycetous genus Carpoligna and its Pleurothecium anamorph". Mycologia. 91: 251–262. doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061015.
  7. ↑ Réblová, M.; Miller, A.N.; Rossman, A.Y.; Seifert, K.A.; Crous, P.W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Cannon, P.F.; Daranagama, D.A.; De Beer, Z.W.; Huang, SK; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jayawardena, R.; Jaklitsch, W.; Jones, EBG; Ju, Y.M.; Judith, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Pang, K.L.; Petrini, L.E.; Raja, H.A.; Romero, A.I.; Shearer, C.A.; Senanayake, I.C.; Voglmayr, H.; Weir, B.S.; Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016). "Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)". IMA Fungus. 7 (1): 131–153. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08. PMC 4941682. PMID 27433444.
  8. 1 2 3 Réblová, Martina; Seifert, Keith A.; Fournier, Jacques; Stepánek, Václav (November–December 2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1299–314. doi:10.3852/12-035.
  9. 1 2 3 Monteiro, J.S.; Gusmão, L.F.P.; Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F. (2016). "Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil". Mycotaxon. 131: 145–152. doi:10.5248/131.145.
  10. 1 2 Wu, Y.M.; Zhang, T.Y. (2009). "New species of Phialosporostilbe and Pleurothecium from soil". Mycotaxon. 110: 1–4. doi:10.5248/110.1.
  11. ↑ Luo, Zong-Long; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, Darbhe J.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Bao, Dan-Feng; Li, Wen-Li; Su, Xi-Jun; Yang, Xiao-Yan; Su, Hong-Yan (2018). "Morphological and molecular taxonomy of novel species Pleurotheciaceae from freshwater habitats in Yunnan, China". Mycological Progress. 17: 511–530.
  12. 1 2 3 Bao, Dan-Feng; Bhat, D.Jayarama; Boonmee, Saranyaphat; Hyde, Kevin D.; Luo, Zong-Long; Nalumpang, Sarunya (September 2022). "Lignicolous freshwater ascomycetes from Thailand: Introducing Dematipyriforma muriformis sp. nov., one new combination and two new records in Pleurotheciaceae". MycoKeys. 93: 57–79. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.93.87797.
  13. ↑ Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica 國立中央研究院植物學彙刊, 1992, p. 101, at Google Books
  14. 1 2 B.D. Borse, K.N. Borse, S.Y. Patil, C.M. Pawara, L.C. Nemade and V.R. Patil Freshwater Higher Fungi of India (2016), p. 349, at Google Books
  15. ↑ Fryar, Sally (June 2023). "Freshwater ascomycetes from southern Australia: Melanascomaceae fam. nov., Melanascoma panespora gen. et. sp. nov., and Pleurothecium brunius sp. nov". Fungal Systematics and Evolution. 11: 85–93. doi:10.3114/fuse.2023.11.07.
  16. ↑ "Pleurothecium". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Pleurothecium sp. - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  18. ↑ Department of Scientific and Industrial Research New Zealand Journal of Botany, Volume 43, Issues 1-2, 2005 , p. 334, at Google Books
  19. ↑ "Pleurothecium - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 13 May 2023.

Other sources

  • Goos RD (1969) The genus Pleurothecium. Mycologia 61:1048–1053
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