Plimmerton
Suburb
Coordinates: 41°05′S 174°52′E / 41.083°S 174.867°E / -41.083; 174.867
Country	New Zealand
City	Porirua
Local authority	Porirua City Council
Electoral ward	Pāuatahanui General Ward Porirua Māori Ward
Area
• Land	516 ha (1,275 acres)
Population  (June 2023)[1]
• Total	2,180
Train stations	Plimmerton Railway Station

Hongoeka	Pukerua Bay
Porirua Harbour, then Cook Strait	Plimmerton	Paekākāriki Hill
	Mana and part of Porirua Harbour	Camborne

The suburb of Plimmerton lies in the northwest part of the city of Porirua in New Zealand, adjacent to some of the city's more congenial beaches. State Highway 59 and the North Island Main Trunk railway line pass just east of the main shopping and residential area.

Plimmerton has its modern origins as a late 19th century seaside resort. It is named after John Plimmer, an English settler and entrepreneur who, through the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, helped to fund and direct construction of the railway line. The estimated population is 2,180 as of June 2023.^[1]

History

The area was first settled by the Māori people early in their occupation of New Zealand. Ngāi Tara and then Ngāti Ira settled south of Kāpiti, and a number of other tribes may have lived in the area including Muaūpoko, Ngāti Apa, Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāti Hotu.^[2]

Ngāti Toa people took control of the Porirua coast in the 1820s.^[3] In the 1840s the area where Plimmerton is situated was the home of Te Rauparaha, who had his main residence at Taupō pā. Te Rauparaha was captured by 200 British troops and police on 23 July 1846 near the southern end of Motuhara Road. A tiny historic reserve contains a cabbage tree that may be descended from the one he was said to have been captured near, and a plaque. In 1847, most of Ngāti Toa’s land in Porirua was sold to the Crown for the New Zealand Company by a group of eight chiefs, and Taupō was retained as part of a Māori reserve (one of three) that extended from Paremata to Paekākāriki.^[4] However, the following year Te Rauparaha was released and retired to Ōtaki; by 1850 Taupō pā was deserted.^[5][6]

Taupō village, George French Angas, 1822–1886

The area continued to be referred to as Taupō, after the pā, and was leased by Ngāti Toa for farming by European settlers over the following decades. These included William Cooper, Canington (possible Carrington), and then Levi Tandy (from 1859).^[2] James Walker farmed from Paremata to Plimmerton beginning in 1875.^[7]

In the late 19th Century Ngāti Toa’s land holdings around Taupō began to rapidly decline as land was by converted to individual title by the Native Land Court and then sold, transferred to the Public Trustee or taken for public works and reserves.^[4]

When the Horokiwi Valley Road was opened fewer travellers followed the Taua Tapu track through Taupō to Pukerua Bay. So Pāuatahanui grew at the expense of Taupō until the railway line was opened in 1885.^[8]

In the 1880s the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company decided to build a railway link from the capital, Wellington, to Longburn, near Palmerston North. Several towns, including Plimmerton, were established along the way to encourage settlements that would contribute to the line's business. John Plimmer, after whom Plimmerton was named, was a director of the company.

View of Taupō Kainga from the Taua Tapu (Pukerua) Track, Plimmerton

In 1885 the first excursion train journeyed from Wellington to Plimmerton on 3 September, and regular services began from 10 October. With the railway's arrival, Plimmerton became accessible to holidaymakers, and evolved into a seaside resort. Plimmerton House, a two-storied hotel, was built alongside the railway station in 1886 (and burnt down in 1907). Sections began to be sold in 1888 and by the late 1890s Plimmerton had become a popular holiday destination. In 1900 Plimmerton consisted of 30 summer cottages, two private hotels and one general store.^[2]

Plimmerton was originally part of Hutt County. On 1 April 1973 the still-growing area became one of the northern suburbs of Porirua. Though small, it was one of the most lively. For a time it had the only active Residents' Association in the city.

The main state highway route through Plimmerton, previously part of SH 1, was renumbered SH 59 on 7 December 2021 due to SH 1 being shifted to the Transmission Gully Motorway.^[9]

Official name

The name Plimmerton was used in promoting the railway^[10] and advertising of sections for sale from the mid-1880s.^[2]

Plimmerton was gazetted as an official geographic name on 3 November 2011. The suburb amalgamated the previous recorded suburb names of Plimmerton and Karehana Bay.^[11] It excludes the largely Māori (Ngāti Toa) settlement of Hongoeka to the west, which was gazetted on 16 December 2010.^[12]

Demographics and census information

The Plimmerton statistical area covers 5.16 km² (1.99 sq mi),^[13] and includes Hongoeka. It had an estimated population of 2,180 as of June 2023, with a population density of 422.48 people per km².

Plimmerton had a population of 2,142 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 27 people (1.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 90 people (4.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 840 households, comprising 1,062 males and 1,080 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 44.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 399 people (18.6%) aged under 15 years, 339 (15.8%) aged 15 to 29, 1,026 (47.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 378 (17.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 90.2% European/Pākehā, 13.4% Māori, 3.1% Pasifika, 3.2% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 23.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 58.5% had no religion, 32.6% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.6% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 687 (39.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 150 (8.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $47,500, compared with $31,800 nationally. 582 people (33.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 969 (55.6%) people were employed full-time, 252 (14.5%) were part-time, and 42 (2.4%) were unemployed.^[14]

Localities

State Highway 59, here named St Andrews Road, passes through Plimmerton, as does the North Island Main Trunk railway line

A shopping area about two blocks long adjoins Plimmerton Railway Station on Steyne Avenue and includes two churches, a medical centre, Plunket rooms, a craft shop, a beauty salon, real estate agents, a grocery store and several eateries.

To the north alongside the railway line is Plimmerton Domain, comprising 3 football fields, home to the Mana Archery Club, Wellington 29th Boys' Brigade and the Mana Arts Society.^[15] Beyond is the Plimmerton Industrial Estate, which includes numerous businesses, the Plimmerton Croquet Club, and a storage facility for the New Zealand Film Archive.^[16]

The Mainline Steam railway preservation group have their extensive restoration facilities located behind Plimmerton Railway Station.

North of the industrial area is the Taupō Swamp, a flax swamp, one of the largest of its type in the southern half of the North Island. Taupō Stream passes south through the swamp, along the east edge of Plimmerton Domain, between Steyne Avenue and St Andrews Road, and then flows into the sea at the north end of South Beach.

Plimmerton Library, which was part of Porirua City Council's library system, closed on 27 July 2012.^[17] It opened in the late 1940s and operated from a single-room building near the school from November 1951 until December 2007.^[18] It then shifted to the Plimmerton Pavilion, opposite the Plimmerton Volunteer Fire Brigade building, until its closure.

South-west of the shopping area is Plimmerton Beach, a fairly sheltered, gently graded beach, which has been a popular recreation area for over a century. It is popular with windsurfers; some world champions have trained there. At the southern end is South Beach. Recreational water quality at Plimmerton Beach is rated "fair" by the Greater Wellington Regional Council; water quality at South Beach is rated "poor", however, due to periodic faecal contamination.^[19] This contamination may originate from Taupō Swamp (via Taupō Stream), which often supports a large waterfowl population.^[20]

Another popular beach is Karehana Bay, at the foot of the Airlie Road/Cluny Road valley about 1.5 kilometres north-west of the shops. Poet Denis Glover mentioned the settlement in his poem Threnody: "In Plimmerton, in Plimmerton, the little penguins play, and one dead albatross was found at Karehana Bay".^[21]

Panorama of Plimmerton from Camborne

Education

Plimmerton School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,^[22][23] with a roll of 416 as of April 2023.^[24]

St Theresa's School is a co-educational state-integrated Catholic primary school for Year 1 to 6 students,^[25][26] with a roll of 189.^[27]

Plimmerton also has a kindergarten.

Notable people

• Andrea Sanders, founder of musical group The Beatgirls^[28]

References

External links

• The Storied Shores of Plimmerton from the New Zealand Railways Magazine, 1940
• Picture of the Taupō pā on Plimmerton Beach, 1840
• Plimmerton Volunteer Fire Brigade
• Plimmerton Residents' Association Community Website 2010