Scorzonera
Scorzonera purpurea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Scorzonerinae
Genus: Scorzonera
L.
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Achyroseris Sch.Bip.
  • Arachnospermum F.W.Schmidt
  • Avellara Blanca & C.Díaz
  • Fleischeria Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.
  • Podospermum DC.
  • Yildirimlia Kılıç
Scorzonera humilis

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.[2][3]

Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia,[3] and Africa.[4] Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.[5]

Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera:[1]

  • Scorzonera adilii A.Duran
  • Scorzonera alaica Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera alba R.R.Stewart
  • Scorzonera albertoregelia C.Winkl.
  • Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge
  • Scorzonera alborzensis S.R.Safavi & Amini Rad
  • Scorzonera alpigena (K.Koch) Grossh.
  • Scorzonera angustifolia L.
  • Scorzonera aniana N.Kilian
  • Scorzonera argyrea Boiss.
  • Scorzonera aristata Ramond ex DC.
  • Scorzonera armeniaca (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.
  • Scorzonera bicolor Freyn & Sint.
  • Scorzonera boissieri Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera bracteosa C.Winkl.
  • Scorzonera bungei Krasch. & Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera bupleurifolia Pouzolz ex Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb.
  • Scorzonera calcitrapifolia Vahl
  • Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Hoffm.
  • Scorzonera charadzae Papava
  • Scorzonera coriacea A.Duran & Aksoy
  • Scorzonera crassicaulis Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera curvata (Popl.) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera dianthoides (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera drarii V.Tackh.
  • Scorzonera ekimii A.Duran
  • Scorzonera ferganica Krasch.
  • Scorzonera fistulosa Brot.
  • Scorzonera flaccida Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera franchetii Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera gageoides Boiss.
  • Scorzonera glabra Rupr.
  • Scorzonera gokcheoglui Ünal & Göktürk
  • Scorzonera gorovanica Nazarova
  • Scorzonera grigoraschvilii (Sosn.) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera grossheimii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
  • Scorzonera grubovii Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera helodes Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera hondae Kitam.
  • Scorzonera humilis L.
  • Scorzonera idae (Sosn.) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera iliensis Krasch.
  • Scorzonera isophylla Post
  • Scorzonera ispahanica Boiss.
  • Scorzonera joharchii S.R.Safavi
  • Scorzonera karabelensis Parolly & N.Kilian
  • Scorzonera karkasensis Safavi
  • Scorzonera kirpicznikovii Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera kozlowskyi Sosn. ex Grossh.
  • Scorzonera kurtii Yıld.
  • Scorzonera lacera Boiss. & Balansa
  • Scorzonera lachnostegia (Woronow) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera laciniata L.
  • Scorzonera limnophila Boiss.
  • Scorzonera lindbergii Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera luntaiensis C.Shih
  • Scorzonera mariovoensis Micevski
  • Scorzonera meshhedensis (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera meyeri (K.Koch) Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera microcalathia (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera nivalis Boiss. & Hausskn.
  • Scorzonera pacis Güzel, Kayıkçı & S.Yıldız
  • Scorzonera pamirica C.Shih
  • Scorzonera paradoxa Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.
  • Scorzonera parviflora Jacq.
  • Scorzonera persepolitana Boiss.
  • Scorzonera persica Boiss. & Buhse
  • Scorzonera petrovii Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera pratorum (Krasch.) Stankov
  • Scorzonera pulchra Lomak.
  • Scorzonera purpurea L.
  • Scorzonera racemosa Franch.
  • Scorzonera radiata Fisch. ex Ledeb.
  • Scorzonera radicosa Boiss.
  • Scorzonera renzii Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera rosea Waldst. & Kit.
  • Scorzonera rupicola Hausskn.
  • Scorzonera safievii Grossh.
  • Scorzonera schischkinii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
  • Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss.
  • Scorzonera scopariiformis Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera scyria M.A.Gust. & Snogerup
  • Scorzonera sericeolanata (Bunge) Krasch. & Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera serpentinica Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera sinensis (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Nakai
  • Scorzonera songorica (Kar. & Kir.) Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
  • Scorzonera subaphylla Boiss.
  • Scorzonera sublanata Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera tadshikorum Krasch. & Lipsch.
  • Scorzonera taiwanensis S.S.Ying
  • Scorzonera tragopogonoides Regel & Schmalh.
  • Scorzonera transiliensis Popov
  • Scorzonera tuberculata J.Thiébaut
  • Scorzonera tunicata Rech.f. & Köie
  • Scorzonera turkestanica Franch.
  • Scorzonera tuzgoluensis A.Duran, B.Doğan & Makbul
  • Scorzonera vavilovii Kult.
  • Scorzonera veratrifolia Fenzl
  • Scorzonera verrucosa Boiss.
  • Scorzonera virgata DC.
  • Scorzonera wendelboi Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera xylobasis Rech.f.
  • Scorzonera yemensis Podlech
  • Scorzonera yildirimlii A.Duran & Hamzaoğlu
  • Scorzonera zorkunensis Coșkunç. & Makbul

Etymology

One possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper's grass").[3]

Secondary metabolites

Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones.[6] Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.[7] Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.[8] One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.[9]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scorzonera.
  1. 1 2 "Scorzonera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  2. ↑ Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 978-0-88192-275-2.
  3. 1 2 3 Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
  4. ↑ Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.
  5. ↑ Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
  6. ↑ Zidorn, C. (2010). "Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Phytochemistry. 69 (12): 2270–96. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 18715600.
  7. ↑ Sareedenchai, V.; C. Zidorn (2010). "Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 935–57. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.006. ISSN 0305-1978.
  8. ↑ Jehle, M.; et al. (2010). "Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae)". Natural Product Communications. 5 (5): 725–27. doi:10.1177/1934578X1000500510. ISSN 1934-578X. PMID 20521536.
  9. ↑ Zidorn, C.; et al. (2000). "Tyrolobibenzyls ‒ Novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 83 (11): 2920–25. doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20001108)83:11<2920::AID-HLCA2920>3.0.CO;2-5. ISSN 0018-019X.
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