Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
Part of the Muscovite–Polish War (1654–1667) Muscovite–Polish Wars Polish-Ottoman Wars Polish–Ukrainian Wars
Return of the Victorious. Józef Brandt, XIX century
Date 1666–1671 Location Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Cossack Hetmanate, Crimean Khanate Result Partial Polish-Lithuanian victory Start of the Ottoman–Polish War (1672–1676)
Belligerents
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Cossack Hetmanate Crimean Khanate Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
John III Sobieski	Petro Doroshenko Adil Giray Selim I Giray Mehmed IV
Strength
38,200 Polish–Lithuanian cavalry and infantry	23,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks 35,000–40,000 Crimean Tatars
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

The Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) (Ukrainian: Польсько-козацько-татарська війна, Polish: Wojna polsko-kozacko-tatarska; 1666–1671). Was a war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the command of Hetman John III Sobieski and the Cossack Hetmanate under the command of Hetman Petro Doroshenko with the Crimean Khanate under the command of Khans Adil Giray and Selim I Giray. It was one of the aftermaths of the Muscovite–Polish War (1654–1667) and a prelude to the Ottoman–Polish War (1672–1676).

Hostilities

In 1666, Hetman Petro Doroshenko of the Cossack Hetmanate aiming to gain control of Ukraine but facing defeats from other factions struggling over control of that region (the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Muscovy) in a final bid to preserve his power in Ukraine, signed a treaty with the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV that recognized the Cossack Hetmanate as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

In the meantime, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's forces were trying to put down unrest in Ukraine, but were weakened by decades long wars (Khmelnytsky Uprising, The Deluge and Muscovite–Polish War (1654–1667)). Trying to capitalize on that weakness, Crimean Tatars, who commonly raided across the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth borders in search of loot and slaves, invaded, this time allying themselves with Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Hetman Petro Doroshenko. They were however stopped by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Hetman John III Sobieski, who stopped their first push (1666–1667), defeating them a several times, and finally gaining an armistice after the Battle of Pidhaitsi in 6–16 October 1667.

In 1670, however, Hetman Petro Doroshenko tried once again to take over Ukraine, and in 1671 Khan Adil Giray, supportive of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, was replaced with a new one, Khan Selim I Giray, by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV. Khan Selim I Giray entered into an alliance with Hetman Petro Doroshenko; but again like in 1666–1667 the Cossack–Tatar forces were defeated by Hetman John III Sobieski. Khan Selim I Giray then renewed his oath of allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and pleaded for assistance, to which the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV agreed. Thus an irregular border conflict escalated into a regular war, as the Ottoman Empire was now prepared to send its regular units onto the battlefield in a bid to try to gain control of that region for itself.

See also

• Battle of Podhajce (1667)
• Russo-Polish War (1654-1667)
• Khmelnytsky Uprising

• Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676)

References

• Mała Encyklopedia Wojskowa, 1967, Wydanie I
• Paweł Jasienica "Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów – Calamitatis Regnum", ISBN 83-06-01093-0
• Leszek Podhorodecki, "Chanat Krymski i jego stosunki z Polską w XV-XVIIIw.", Warszawa 1987, ISBN 83-05-11618-2
• Leszek Podhorodecki, "Wazowie w Polsce", Warszawa 1985, ISBN 83-205-3639-1