Portal:1970s

The 1970s Portal

Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

Selected article -

The 1974 FIFA World Cup was the tenth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams, and was played in West Germany (and West Berlin) between 13 June and 7 July. The tournament marked the first time that the current trophy, the FIFA World Cup Trophy, created by the Italian sculptor Silvio Gazzaniga, was awarded. The previous trophy, the Jules Rimet Trophy, had been won for the third time by Brazil in 1970 and awarded permanently to the Brazilians. This was the first out of three World Cups to feature two rounds of group stages.

West Germany won the title, beating the Netherlands 2–1 in the final at the Olympiastadion in Munich. This was the second victory for West Germany, who had also won in 1954. Australia, East Germany, Haiti and Zaire made their first appearances at the final stage, with the latter two also making their only appearance, and East Germany making their only appearance before Germany was reunified in 1990. Brazil the defending champions were eliminated in the second round though however would play in the third place match but they lose to Poland which secured the defending champions into fourth place. (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated) -

... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that John Kinch worked two jobs in the late 1970s, as a mail carrier and a professional football player?
... that until the 1970s, most shōjo manga (Japanese girls' comics) were written by men?
... that American teenagers of the 1960s and 1970s used to chat and arrange dates over the sound of the busy signal?
... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that despite the United States outlawing slavery in 1865, historian Antoinette Harrell found examples of African-American families who remained enslaved through debt bondage as recently as the 1970s?

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Selected biography -

Official portrait, 1972

George Stanley McGovern (July 19, 1922 – October 21, 2012) was an American historian and South Dakota politician who was a U.S. representative and three-term U.S. senator, and the Democratic Party presidential nominee in the 1972 presidential election.

McGovern grew up in Mitchell, South Dakota, where he became a renowned debater. He volunteered for the U.S. Army Air Forces upon the country's entry into World War II. As a B-24 Liberator pilot, he flew 35 missions over German-occupied Europe from a base in Italy. Among the medals he received was a Distinguished Flying Cross for making a hazardous emergency landing of his damaged plane and saving his crew. After the war he earned degrees from Dakota Wesleyan University and Northwestern University, culminating in a PhD, and served as a history professor. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1956 and re-elected in 1958. After a failed bid for the U.S. Senate in 1960, he was a successful candidate in 1962. (Full article...)

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General images -

The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 2The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 3Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 4Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 5Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 6Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 8TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 9The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 10A wrap dress Diane von Fürstenberg designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 11Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 121976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz. (from 1970s in video games)
Image 13Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 15Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 16Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 18Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 19Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 20Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 21The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 22Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 23The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon. (from 1970s in music)
Image 24Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 25A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 26Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 27America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 28Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 29A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 30Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 31British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 33Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 34Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 35Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 36Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 371973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 38The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 39A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 40Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 41Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 42Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 43Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 44Paul McCartney and Wings on the Wings Over the World tour, 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 45Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 46English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 47Vikki Carr (from 1970s in music)
Image 48Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 49Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 50Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 51The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 52Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 53Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 54Lisa Coleman (from 1970s in music)
Image 55Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 56El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 57An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 58The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 59Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 60Van Halen (from 1970s in music)
Image 61King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 62African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 63Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 64Jeanette (from 1970s in music)
Image 65Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 66Billy Joel performing in Perth Western Australia in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 67Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 68Argentine fashion shoot for bell-bottoms in 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 69Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 70VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 71In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 72Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 73British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 74Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 75Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 76The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 77Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 79American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 80Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 82Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 83American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 84Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 85Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 86Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 87Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 881970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 89Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 90Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, with Lars Jacob, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 91Microvision (1979) is the very first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 92United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 93Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 94Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 95British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 96American soul singer Wilson Pickett (left) during the European tour in 1970. On the right bassist arranger Pino Presti. (from 1970s in music)
Image 97Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 98Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 99By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 100Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 101Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 102Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 103Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 104Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 105Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 106Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 107 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 108Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 109Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 110Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 111Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 112Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 113Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 114Blondie's lead singer Debbie Harry (from 1970s in music)
Image 115The Bee Gees dominated the 1970s music scene, and have been regarded as the decade-defining act of the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 116Denver with Doris Day (from 1970s in music)
Image 117In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 118Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 120David Shire (from 1970s in music)
Image 121Pakistan Army Genarel A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 122Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 123Couple prom in late 1970s men wear Powder Tuxedo women wear Sleeve dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 124Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 125David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 1261979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 127British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 128Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 129British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 130Herb Alpert at Schiphol Airport (1974). Alpert is the only recording artist to hit No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 pop chart as both a vocalist ("This Guy's in Love with You", 1968) and an instrumentalist ("Rise", 1979). (from 1970s in music)
Image 131Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 132Stevie Wonder became one of the most popular R&B artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 133Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 134Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)

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Sources

↑ Howard Brick, "Review", American Historical Review (2012) 117#5 p 1537
↑ Marglin, Stephen A.; Schor, Juliet B. (1992). Golden Age of Capitalism: Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience – Oxford Scholarship. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198287414.001.0001. ISBN 9780198287414.
↑ Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012). "Economic History of Japan in the 1970a and 80s". Facts and Details. Archived from the original on 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-12-02.

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[1] Howard Brick, "Review", American Historical Review (2012) 117#5 p 1537

[2] Marglin, Stephen A.; Schor, Juliet B. (1992). Golden Age of Capitalism: Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience – Oxford Scholarship. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198287414.001.0001. ISBN 9780198287414.

[secondecon-3] Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012). "Economic History of Japan in the 1970a and 80s". Facts and Details. Archived from the original on 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-12-02.

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