Prachatice
Town
Town square with the town hall
Town square with the town hall
Flag of Prachatice
Flag
Coat of arms of Prachatice
Coat of arms
Prachatice is located in Czech Republic
Prachatice
Prachatice
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°0′47″N 13°59′51″E / 49.01306°N 13.99750°E / 49.01306; 13.99750
Country Czech Republic
RegionSouth Bohemian
DistrictPrachatice
First mentioned1300
Government
 • MayorJan Bauer
Area
 • Total38.92 km2 (15.03 sq mi)
Elevation
561 m (1,841 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total11,211
 • Density290/km2 (750/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
383 01
Websitewww.prachatice.eu

Prachatice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpraxacɪtsɛ]; German: Prachatitz) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

Administrative parts

Prachatice is made up of the town parts of Prachatice I, Prachatice II and Staré Prachatice, and the villages of Kahov, Libínské Sedlo, Městská Lhotka, Oseky, Ostrov, Perlovice, Podolí, Stádla and Volovice.

Etymology

The name is derived from the old Slavic personal name Prachata. It meant "the village of Prachata's people".[2]

Geography

Prachatice is located about 34 kilometres (21 mi) west of České Budějovice. It lies in the Bohemian Forest Foothills. The highest point is the Libín mountain at 1,093 m (3,586 ft) above sea level. The stream of Živný potok flows through the town. The Blanice River flows along the northwestern municipal border.

History

Engraving from the 17th century
Remains of town fortifications

9th–15th centuries

Prachatice was founded with the beginning of trade on the Golden Trail, an important salt trade route beginning in Passau in Bavaria. Probably in the 9th or 10th century, a settlement was founded in the area of today's Staré Prachatice ("Old Prachatice") town part.[3] In the second half of the 12th century, it was acquired by Vyšehrad Chapter.[4]

When the settlement ceased to suit its purpose, a new settlement was established near the old one at the end of the 13th century. In 1312, Prachatice was first referred to as a town. In 1323, King John of Bohemia confirmed to the town of Prachatice the right to use the trade route to Passau and to collect customs duties there. Prachatice was fully completed in the 3rd quarter of the 14th century.[5]

During the Hussite Wars in the 15th century, Prachatice was attacked twice and eventually conquered by the Hussites who killed most of the population of the town. After the end of the conflict, in 1436, Prachatice was granted the status of royal town by King Sigismund, and all its old privileges were confirmed. Only one year later the town was offered as collateral to Jan Smil of Krems, but fell under the control of the Rosenberg family for a short period following Smil's execution in 1439 at Český Krumlov. Oldřich II of Rosenberg sold the town of Prachatice almost immediately after the execution but it again became property of the family in 1501. In the second half of the 15th century, the number of inhabitants increased and new houses had to be built.[6]

16th–20th centuries

In the 16th century, trade on the trail reached its peak and the town prospered.[7] The Rosenbergs controlled Prachatice until 1601 when Peter Vok of Rosenberg, the last member of the family, sold the town to Emperor Rudolf II who would again make it a royal town in 1609. It remained firmly under royal control until the Bohemian Revolt during which it sided with the rebels. However, in 1620 the town was reconquered and connected to the Krumlov manor. After the Battle of White Mountain, Prachatice lost its royal town status and privileges and became the property of the Eggenberg family, though the emperor's troops remained in the town throughout the remainder of the Thirty Years' War. Later on in the war the town was conquered by the Swedish army and another large ransom was demanded. In the second half of the 17th century, trade on the Golden Trail declined and never was revived.[8]

The town and the whole Krumlov manor changed hands again in 1719, following the death of Princess Marie Arnoštka of Eggenberg, this time coming under the control of the affluent Schwarzenberg family. The weak political and economic situation affected the condition of the houses when old ones were not reconstructed and the new were not built.[9]

Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, in the district of the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.[10]

After 1945, the German population was expelled as a result of World War II.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18694,911—    
18805,682+15.7%
18905,363−5.6%
19005,573+3.9%
19105,779+3.7%
YearPop.±%
19215,482−5.1%
19305,926+8.1%
19505,130−13.4%
19615,381+4.9%
19707,100+31.9%
YearPop.±%
198010,354+45.8%
199111,805+14.0%
200111,843+0.3%
201111,203−5.4%
202110,440−6.8%
Source: Censuses[11][12]

Economy

There are no large industrial companies. The largest employer based in the town is the hospital. The largest industrial employers are the companies of InTiCa Systems (manufacturer of electronic components) and Reinfurt-ČR (manufacturer of ball bearings), both with more than 250 employees.[13]

Transport

Prachatice is located on the railway line Číčenice–Nové Údolí.

Culture

The town hosts the Golden Salt Path Celebrations every year with a rich cultural program.[2]

Sights

Church of Saint James the Great

The historic centre is formed by Velké Square and adjoining streets, and is delimited by the remains of the town walls. Due to the stagnation of economic life in the 17th and 18th centuries, Prachatice have many Renaissance buildings, some of then reconstructed in the Empire style. Since 1981, the historic core of the town has been protected as an urban monument reservation.[14]

One of the main landmarks of the town centre is the Old Town Hall, a Renaissance building from 1570–1571. The New Town Hall was built in pseudo-Renaissance style in 1903.[15]

The Church of Saint James the Great near the square is the largest building in the historic centre. It is a late Gothic building first mentioned in 1359. Its final form was achieved by reconstructions between 1505 and 1513.[15]

Dolní Gate ("Lower Gate"; also called Písecká) is a preserved element of stone town fortifications, which comes from the first half of the 15th century. The gate is from around 1527 and creates the entrance to the historic centre.[16]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Prachatice is twinned with:[17]

References

  1. ↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
  2. 1 2 "Prachatice Town". VisitPrachatice.cz. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
  3. ↑ "Prachatice" (in Czech). Sdružení historických sídel Čech, Moravy a Slezska. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  4. ↑ "Založení města při obchodní stezce" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  5. ↑ "Počátky Prachatic ve světle historických zpráv" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  6. ↑ "15. století – Husitské války" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  7. ↑ "Rozvoj v 16. století" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  8. ↑ "Úpadek v 17. století" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  9. ↑ "18. století" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  10. ↑ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
  11. ↑ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Prachatice" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 11–12.
  12. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  13. ↑ "Registr ekonomických subjektů". Business Register (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  14. ↑ "Dnes – městská památková rezervace" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  15. 1 2 "Průvodce historickým jádrem" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  16. ↑ "Dolní brána" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  17. ↑ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Prachatice. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prachatice.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.