Naruhito
  • 徳仁
Naruhito in 2023
Emperor of Japan
Reign1 May 2019 – present
Enthronement22 October 2019
PredecessorAkihito
Heir presumptiveFumihito
BornNaruhito, Prince Hiro
(浩宮徳仁親王)
(1960-02-23) 23 February 1960
Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Tokyo Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan
Spouse
​
(m. 1993)​
IssueAiko, Princess Toshi
Era name and dates
Reiwa: 1 May 2019 – present
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherAkihito
MotherMichiko Shōda
ReligionShinto
Signature

Naruhito (徳仁, pronounced [naɾɯꜜçi̥to]; born 23 February 1960) is Emperor of Japan. He acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne on 1 May 2019, beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito.[1] He is the 126th monarch according to Japan's traditional order of succession.

Naruhito was born in Tokyo during the reign of his grandfather Hirohito as the eldest child of Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko. Emperor Hirohito died in 1989, at which point Akihito became emperor and Naruhito became the heir apparent. Naruhito was formally invested as crown prince in 1991. He attended Gakushūin schools in Tokyo and later studied history at Gakushuin University and English at Merton College, Oxford. In 1993, he married Harvard graduate and diplomat Masako Owada. They have one daughter, Aiko, Princess Toshi.

Continuing his grandfather's and father's boycott over the enshrinement of convicted war criminals, Naruhito has never visited Yasukuni Shrine.[2] He is interested in water policy and water conservation and likes to play the viola. He was an honorary president of the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics and is a supporter of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.[3]

Name

Before becoming emperor, Naruhito was generally referred in the Japanese press by his given name and princely title. Upon succeeding to the throne, he is no longer referred to by his given name, but as "His Majesty the Emperor" (天皇陛下, Tennō Heika), which may be shortened to "His Majesty" (陛下, Heika).[4] In writing, the Emperor is also referred to formally as "The Reigning Emperor" (今上天皇, Kinjō Tennō). The era of Naruhito's reign bears the name "Reiwa" (令和) pronounced [ɾeːwa] ⓘ, and according to custom he will be renamed Emperor Reiwa (令和天皇, Reiwa Tennō, see "posthumous name") by order of the Cabinet after his death.

The name of the next era under his successor will be established after his death or before his abdication.[5]

Early life

Naruhito in February 1961

Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at 4:15 p.m. in the Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.[6] As a prince, he later quipped, "I was born in a barn inside the moat".[7] His parents, Akihito and Michiko, were then crown prince and crown princess of Japan, while his paternal grandfather, Emperor Shōwa, reigned as emperor. Reuters reported that Naruhito's paternal grandmother, Empress Kōjun, had driven her daughter-in-law and grandchildren to depression in the 1960s by persistently accusing Michiko of not being suitable for her son.[8]

Naruhito's childhood was reported to be happy, and he enjoyed activities such as mountain climbing, riding, and learning the violin. He played with the children of the royal chamberlain, and he was a fan of the Yomiuri Giants in the Central League, his favorite player being No. 3, later team manager, Shigeo Nagashima. One day, Naruhito found the remains of an ancient roadway on the palace grounds, sparking a lifelong fascination with the history of transportation, which would provide the subject of his bachelor's and master's degrees in history.[9] He later said, "I have had a keen interest in roads since childhood. On roads, you can go to the unknown world. Since I have been leading a life where I have few chances to go out freely, roads are a precious bridge to the unknown world, so to speak."[10]

In August 1974, when the prince was 14, he was sent to Melbourne, Australia, for a homestay. Naruhito's father, then the Crown Prince Akihito, had had a positive experience there on a trip the year before and encouraged his son to go as well.[11] He stayed with the family of businessman Colin Harper.[12] He got along with his host brothers, riding around Point Lonsdale, playing the violin and tennis, and climbing Uluru together.[13] Once he even played the violin for dignitaries at a state dinner at Government House hosted by Governor-General Sir John Kerr.[14]

Education

Naruhito, aged 9, with his parents and siblings, 1969

When Naruhito was four years old he was enrolled in the prestigious Gakushūin school system, where many of Japan's elite families and narikin (nouveaux riches) send their children.[15] In senior high, Naruhito joined the geography club.[16]

Naruhito graduated from Gakushuin University in March 1982 with a Bachelor of Letters degree in history.[17] In July 1983, Naruhito undertook a three-month intensive English course before entering Merton College, Oxford University, in the United Kingdom,[18] where he studied until 1986. Naruhito did not, however, submit his thesis A Study of Navigation and Traffic on the Upper Thames in the 18th Century until 1989.[19] He later revisited these years in his book, The Thames and I – a Memoir of Two Years at Oxford. He visited some 21 historic pubs, including the Trout Inn.[20] Naruhito joined the Japan Society and the drama society, and became the honorary president of the karate and judo clubs.[21] He played inter-college tennis, seeded number three out of six on the Merton team,[21] and took golf lessons from a pro.[21] In his three years at Merton he also climbed the highest peaks in three of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom: Scotland's Ben Nevis, Wales's Snowdon and Scafell Pike in England.[22]

While at Oxford, Naruhito also was able to go sightseeing across Europe and meet much of its royalty, including the British royal family.[22] The relatively relaxed manners of the United Kingdom's royals amazed him: "Queen Elizabeth II, he noted with surprise, poured her own tea and served the sandwiches."[23] He also went skiing with Liechtenstein's Prince Hans-Adam II, holidayed in Mallorca in the Mediterranean with Spain's King Juan Carlos I, and sailed with Norway's Crown Prince Harald and Crown Princess Sonja and Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.[24]

Upon his return to Japan, Naruhito enrolled once more in Gakushūin University to earn a Master of Humanities degree in history, successfully earning his degree in 1988.[25]

Personal life

Marriage and family

The newly married Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako in Japanese traditional attire, with the Prince wearing a sokutai, the Princess a jūnihitoe, 1993
A 500-yen coin issued to commemorate the Imperial Wedding

Naruhito first met Masako Owada (staff working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) at a tea for Infanta Elena of Spain in November 1986,[26][21] during her studies at the University of Tokyo. The prince was immediately captivated by her,[27] and arranged for them to meet several times over the next few weeks.[28] Because of this, they were pursued relentlessly by the press throughout 1987.[29]

Despite the Imperial Household Agency's disapproval of Masako Owada, and her attending Balliol College, Oxford, for the next two years, Naruhito remained interested in Masako. He proposed to her three times before the Imperial Palace announced their engagement on 19 January 1993. The wedding took place on 9 June the same year at the Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo before 800 invited guests, including many of Europe's heads of state and royalty.[30]

By the time of their marriage, Naruhito's father had ascended the throne, so Naruhito had been invested as the crown prince with the title Prince Hiro (浩宮, Hiro-no-miya) on 23 February 1991.[25]

Naruhito and Masako, with their daughter, Aiko, in Tochigi Prefecture in 2019

Masako's first pregnancy was announced in December 1999, but she miscarried.[31] Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako have one daughter, Aiko, Princess Toshi (敬宮愛子内親王, Toshi-no-miya Aiko Naishinnō), born 1 December 2001 at the Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.[32][33]

Hobbies and interests

Naruhito is interested in water policy and water conservation. In March 2003, in his capacity as honorary president of the Third World Water Forum, he delivered a speech at the forum's opening ceremony titled "Waterways Connecting Kyoto and Local Regions". Visiting Mexico in March 2006, he gave the keynote address at the opening ceremony for the Fourth World Water Forum, "Edo and Water Transport". And in December 2007, he gave a commemorative talk at the opening ceremony for the First Asia-Pacific Water Summit, "Humans and Water: From Japan to the Asia-Pacific Region".[25]

Naruhito plays the viola, having switched from the violin because he thought the latter "too much of a leader, too prominent" to suit his musical and personal tastes.[34] He enjoys jogging, hiking, and mountaineering in his spare time.[14]

Crown Prince of Japan

Naruhito at his Ceremony for Proclamation of Crown Prince (Rikkōshi-Senmei-no-gi) in 1991

The Crown Prince was a patron of the 1998 Winter Olympics and 1998 Winter Paralympics. He is also a supporter of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and in 2006 attended the 14th Nippon Jamboree, the Japanese national jamboree organized by the Scout Association of Japan. The crown prince has also been an honorary vice-president of the Japanese Red Cross Society since 1994.[25] In 2001, the Crown Prince visited the United Kingdom; he met Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at Windsor Castle.[35]

For two weeks in 2012, Naruhito temporarily took charge of his father's duties while the Emperor underwent and recovered from heart bypass surgery.[36] Naruhito's birthday was named "Mount Fuji Day" by Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures because of his reported love of the mountain.

Emperor of Japan

On 1 December 2017, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced that Naruhito's father, Emperor Akihito, would abdicate on 30 April 2019, and that Naruhito would become the 126th Emperor of Japan as of 1 May 2019.[37][38] Following an abdication ceremony on the afternoon of 30 April, Akihito's reign and the Heisei era continued until the end of the day. Naruhito then succeeded him as emperor at the beginning of the day on 1 May, ushering in the Reiwa era. The transition took place at midnight, and Naruhito formally began his reign in a ceremony later that morning. In his first statement as emperor, he pledged to reflect deeply on the course followed by his father, and fulfill his constitutional responsibility "as the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people of Japan".[1]

Under Article 4 of the Constitution, Naruhito's role is defined as entirely ceremonial and representative. Unlike most other constitutional monarchs, Naruhito lacks even nominal powers related to government;[39] he is barred from making political statements.[1] His role is limited to performing ceremonial duties as delineated by the Constitution, and even then he is constrained by the requirements of the Constitution and the binding advice of the Cabinet. For instance, while he formally appoints the prime minister, he is required to appoint the person designated by the National Diet.[40]

Naruhito's enthronement ceremony took place on 22 October 2019,[41] where he was duly enthroned in an ancient-style proclamation ceremony. On 23 July 2021, Naruhito opened the 2020 Summer Olympics (originally scheduled to be played in 2020, postponed by the COVID-19 pandemic) hosted in Tokyo, just as his grandfather, Emperor Shōwa, had done in 1964.

Naruhito and Masako's first trip abroad as emperor and empress took place in September 2022, to the United Kingdom to attend the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II.[42][43] They visited Indonesia in June 2023, their first state visit.[44][45]

Selected works

  • 1993 – Temuzu to tomoni: Eikoku no ninenkan (テムズとともに: 英国の二年間, OCLC 032395987)
  • 2006 – The Thames and I: A Memoir of Two Years at Oxford with Hugh Cortazzi. Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-905246-06-9; OCLC 65196090

Titles, styles and honours

Styles of
Emperor Naruhito
Reference styleHis Majesty
Spoken styleYour Majesty

Titles and styles

  • 23 February 1960 – 7 January 1989: Naruhito, His Imperial Highness Prince Hiro (浩宮徳仁親王殿下 Hiro-no-miya Naruhito shinnō denka)[46][47][48]
  • 7 January 1989 – 30 April 2019: His Imperial Highness The Crown Prince of Japan (皇太子殿下 Kōtaishi denka)[46][47][48]
  • 1 May 2019 – present: His Majesty The Emperor (天皇陛下 Ten'nō heika)[46][47][48]

Honours

National

Foreign

Honorary degrees

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Japan's new Emperor Naruhito pledges unity". BBC News. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  2. ↑ "Explainer: Why Yasukuni shrine is a controversial symbol of Japan's war legacy". Reuters. 14 August 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress – The Imperial Household Agency". The Imperial Household Agency. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  4. ↑ "Members of the Order of the Garter". The British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  5. ↑ "National Day of Japan to be celebrated" (Press release). Embassy of Japan in Pakistan. 7 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  6. ↑ "浩宮徳仁親王（現皇太子）誕生" [Showa News: Birth of Imperial Prince Hironomiya Naruhito (current Crown Prince)]. Mainichi Shimbun. Tokyo. 23 February 1960. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  7. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 69
  8. ↑ "Japan's Dowager Empress Dead At 97". CBS News. 16 June 2000. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  9. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 76
  10. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 77
  11. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 56
  12. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 57
  13. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 60–61
  14. 1 2 Hills 2006, p. 60
  15. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 77–78
  16. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 79
  17. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 81
  18. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 142–143, 152
  19. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 144–145
  20. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 145–146
  21. 1 2 3 4 Hills 2006, p. 150
  22. 1 2 Hills 2006, p. 151
  23. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 148
  24. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 151–152
  25. 1 2 3 4 "Personal Histories of Their Imperial Highnesses the Crown Prince and Crown Princess". Archived from the original on 5 December 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  26. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Beth Cooney (21 January 2011). "Great Royal Weddings: Princess Masako and Crown Prince Naruhito". Stylelist. AOL. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  27. ↑ Hills 2006, pp. 120–121
  28. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 123
  29. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 136
  30. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 2
  31. ↑ McCurry, Justin; Watts, Jonathan (31 December 1999). "Royal miscarriage stuns an expectant Japan". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  32. ↑ "Girl Born to Japan's Princess". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1 December 2001. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  33. ↑ French, Howard W. (8 December 2001). "Japan: A Name For The Royal Baby". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  34. ↑ Hills 2006, p. 72
  35. ↑ "Queen Elizabeth II and her friendly ties with three emperors". The Japan Times. Tokyo. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  36. ↑ "Japanese Emperor Akihito's heart surgery 'a success'". BBC News. 18 February 2012.
  37. ↑ "Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019". Japan Today. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  38. ↑ Osaki, Tomohiro (1 December 2017). "Japan sets date for Emperor Akihito's abdication as April 30, 2019". The Japan Times. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  39. ↑ "The Status of the Emperor". Library of Congress Country Studies.
  40. ↑ "Japan". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  41. ↑ "Enthronement ceremony for new emperor mulled for Oct. 2019". Mainichi Shimbun. Tokyo. 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017. The government is mulling scheduling the enthronement ceremony for the next emperor for October 2019, months after Crown Prince Naruhito accedes to the Imperial Throne on May 1 that year upon his father Emperor Akihito's abdication, it has been learned.
  42. ↑ "The Queen's funeral in pictures". BBC News. 19 September 2022.
  43. ↑ "Emperor Naruhito plans to attend Queen Elizabeth's funeral in first overseas trip". The Japan Times. Tokyo. Kyodo News, Reuters. 10 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  44. ↑ "Japan's emperor in Indonesia for first state visit". The Jakarta Post. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  45. ↑ "Indonesians welcome Japan's Emperor, Empress". NHK World-Japan. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  46. 1 2 3 "天皇陛下のあゆみ｜平成から令和へ 新時代の幕開け" [History of His Majesty the Emperor]. Japan Broadcasting Corp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  47. 1 2 3 "1960年 浩宮徳仁さま誕生 東京は奉祝ムード" [1960 Naruhito Hiromiya is born; Tokyo is in a celebratory mood]. TV Morning News (in Japanese). 30 October 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  48. 1 2 3 "天皇・皇族の「お名前」：御称号から親王まで…" ["Names" of the Emperor and the Imperial Family: From titles to Imperial Princes...]. Murao's historical information site "Lemuria" (in Japanese). 12 June 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "令和元年5月1日（水）午前 | 令和元年 | 官房長官記者会見" [Wednesday, May 1, 2019, morning]. Prime Minister's Office of Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  50. ↑ ボーイスカウト日本連盟 きじ章受章者 [Recipient of the Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association of Japan] (PDF). Reinanzaka Scout Club (in Japanese). 23 May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020.
  51. ↑ "Reply to a parliamentary question about the Decoration of Honour" (PDF). Parliament of Austria (in German). p. 1299.
  52. ↑ "Modtagere af danske dekorationer" [Recipients of Danish decorations]. Royal House of Denmark (in Danish). 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  53. ↑ "Personal Details – His Imperial Highness Naruhito". Life in Denmark. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012.
  54. ↑ "I: Personal Section". Hungarian Journal, State Gazette (in Hungarian) (64): 3830. 23 June 2000.
  55. ↑ "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan" [Listing of Distinguished Recipients of Stars and Medals]. Prime Minister of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  56. ↑ "Filipino recipients of Japanese decorations and Japanese recipients of Philippine decorations". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
  57. ↑ "Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas" [Foreign Citizens Honored with Portuguese Orders]. President of Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  58. ↑ "Presidencia Del Goberino" [Presidency of the Government] (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 10 November 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  59. ↑ "Royal orders presented at Palace". Matangi Tonga. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  60. ↑ Ito, Kazuya (4 July 2015). "Crown Princess Masako completes first duties abroad in more than 2 years". The Asahi Shimbun. Tokyo. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  61. ↑ "Japanese crown prince visits UAE". United Press International. 23 January 1995. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

Sources

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