Small-fruited cherry
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Microcerasus
Species:
P. microcarpa
Binomial name
Prunus microcarpa
Synonyms
  • Prunus antilibanotica (Post) Dinsm.
  • Prunus calycosa Aitch. & Hemsl.
  • Prunus furum Nábelek
  • Prunus orientalis (Spach) Walp.
  • Prunus tortuosa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) K.H.Rechinger

Prunus microcarpa, the small-fruited cherry, is a species of Prunus native to Western Asia and the Caucasus.[1][2]

Description

Prunus microcarpa is a deciduous bushy shrub with rigid branchlets. Its glabrous leaves are ovate to elliptic. Prunus microcarpa produces white to pale pink hermaphrodite flowers in April. The flowers are solitary or in pairs and are 1 cm across. Its 1 cm-long fruit is ovoid and turns yellow to orange, red or black when ripe and may be toxic if consumed excessively.[3][4]

Uses

The shrub's fruit can be used to obtain a dark grey to green dye, and a green dye can be obtained from its leaves.[5]

Plants in the Prunus species contain amygdalin and prunasin, substances which break down in water to produce hydrogen cyanide. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, extremely poisonous chemical that gives almonds their characteristic flavour. These substances are found mainly in the leaves and seed and can be detected by the bitter taste. It is usually present in too small a quantity to do any harm but any very bitter seed or fruit should not be eaten.[4][6]

Consumption of small quantities of hydrogen cyanide stimulates respiration and improves digestion. Excessive consumption of the toxin can cause respiratory failure and death.[4]

Cultivation

Prunus microcarpa requires full sun and dry conditions in a well-drained moisture-retentive loamy soil. The tree will form suckers if its shallow roots are damaged. Among the pests that affect the genus Prunus is honey fungus.[7] the seed requires 2–3 months cold stratification in order to germinate.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 "Prunus microcarpa C.A.Mey". Lebanon-flora.org. Faculty of Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  2. ↑ "Prunus microcarpa C. A. Mey". GRIN taxonomy for plants. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  3. ↑ "Prunus microcarpa". Plant encyclopaedia. The Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Prunus microcarpa — C.A.Mey". Plants For A Future. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  5. ↑ Ida Grae (February 1979). Nature's colors: dyes from plants. Collier Books. ISBN 978-0-02-012390-3. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "Prunus microcarpa PFAF Plant Database".
  7. ↑ Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain) (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-001-8. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
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