Queens Botanical Garden
Entrance Plaza
Established1939
LocationQueens, New York
Public transit accessLong Island Rail Road:
  Port Washington Branch
Flushing–Main Street
New York City Subway: "7" train"7" express train​ Flushing–Main Street
New York City Bus: Q20, Q44 SBS, Q58
Websitequeensbotanical.org

Queens Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located at 43-50 Main Street in Flushing, Queens, New York City. The 39-acre (16 ha) site features rose, bee, herb, wedding, and perennial gardens; an arboretum; an art gallery; and a LEED-certified Visitor & Administration Building. Queens Botanical Garden is located on property owned by the City of New York, and is funded from several public and private sources. It is operated by Queens Botanical Garden Society, Inc.

Queens Botanical Garden was created as part of the 1939 New York World's Fair and was originally located in nearby Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. It moved to its current location, a landfilled area east of Flushing Meadows Park, in 1963 in preparation for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Since then, the Queens Botanical Garden has continued to expand, with programming targeted at residents of surrounding community. In 2001, the Queens Botanical Garden Society published a master plan for a renovation of the garden, centered around the garden's location above the underground Kissena Creek. Several improvements were made over the following years, including the construction of a new environmentally friendly parking lot and administration building.

Mission statement

Queens Botanical Garden (QBG) is an urban oasis where people, plants, and cultures are celebrated through inspiring gardens, innovative educational programs, and real-world applications of environmental stewardship.[1]

History

Attractions and Geographical Features of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
🌍

Attractions and geographical features of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park:
1
Citi Field
2
Flushing Meadows Carousel
3
Flushing Meadows Natatorium
4
Flushing River and Creek
5
Meadow Lake
6
Mets–Willets Point (LIRR and subway stations)
7
National Tennis Center
8
New York Hall of Science
9
New York State Pavilion, Queens Theatre and Queens Zoo
10
Queens Botanical Garden
11
Queens Museum
12
Unisphere
13
Willow Lake
14
World's Fair station (demolished)

Creation and site

The gate leading into the Gardens on Parade during the 1939 New York World's Fair

During the 1939 New York World's Fair, held in adjacent Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, what would become the Queens Botanical Garden was a horticultural exhibit of the fair called "Gardens on Parade" operated by Hortus, Incorporated.[2]: 102–103  The original gardens were located just west of the modern site at the northeast corner of the fair grounds, at 131st Street between Lawrence Street and the Flushing River in the path of the future Van Wyck Expressway.[3]

A New York City Department of Sanitation garage at Dahlia Avenue was located west of Main Street, in the modern Queens Botanical Garden. By the 1950s it had been abandoned, and there were calls to demolish it.[4]

A playground located at Elder Avenue and 135th Street in what in now the Queens Botanical Garden, was originally set to be complete by March 1957. However, by March 11, only a comfort station and lights were constructed, while the site required significant filling before development could occur. According to the Parks Department, the project was delayed due to bad weather.[5][6] The playground site was used as dumping ground, and it was filled with dirt after community petition.[7] After a three-month delay, the playground was completed in June 1957.[8]

Relocation

Prior to the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair, the western portion of Kissena Corridor Park between Lawrence Street / College Point Boulevard and Main Street adjacent to Flushing Meadows Park was leased to the World's Fair Corporation, along with most of Flushing Meadows.[9]: 3  In 1961, as part of a $3 million development for the World's Fair, the Queens Botanical Garden was planned to be relocated from the fair grounds in Flushing Meadows to a site across College Point Boulevard to the east, within the current Kissena Corridor Park and adjacent to the World's Fair grounds. This tract was described as "35 acres (14 ha) of bogs and dump land". The project included a new administration building, to cost $150,000, and a pedestrian overpass over Lawrence Street leading to Flushing Meadows. The existing garden in Flushing Meadows would be demolished to make way for new fair exhibits, and the extension of the Van Wyck Expressway north through the park to the Whitestone Expressway.[9]: 10–13 [10][11][12] This site was originally planned to be used as parking space for the fair.[13]

Grading work for the project began on March 22, 1961.[14] The Board of Estimate approved the Botanical Garden project and other World's Fair projects on September 23, 1961. At the time, the work for the gardens was estimated to cost $341,700.[3] Construction on the administration building began in 1962.[15][16][17] The building was designed by the Brodsky, Hopf & Adler firm,[3][16] which also designed terminals at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in Texas.[3][16][18][19] Landscaping work was done by Gilmore David Clarke and Michael Rapuano,[3][16] who also designed the original 1939 World's Fair grounds and the 1964 layout for the fair.[20][21] The section of Elder Avenue that ran southwest across the Corridor Park site between Main Street and Peck Avenue was de-mapped to integrate the land into the Botanical Gardens.[9]: 3  Three Blue Atlas Cedar trees were transplanted from the original garden site to the new main entrance on Main Street.[2]: 104–105  The new Queens Botanical Garden was dedicated on October 19, 1963.[22][23]: 42 

Following Queens Botanical Garden's completion, New York City Parks commissioner Robert Moses unveiled an expanded plan for Kissena Corridor. The plan also included the Queens Zoo, to be built adjacent to the Queens Botanical Garden and operated by the Queens Botanical Garden Society. The zoo was expected to be complete by spring 1967,[24][25] but ultimately opened in October 1968.[26]

Late 20th century

A fountain at Queens Botanical Garden

By 1972, the garden was averaging 300,000 visitors per year.[27] The count included 50,000 students who had gone to the garden over the previous two years as part of various partnerships with Queens schools, or an average of 25,000 students annually.[28] In the subsequent decades, the Queens Botanical Garden had various programs intended for members of the surrounding communities. In 1977, the garden hired a few dozen teenagers from schools in Queens to help plant trees, build a path, and restore part of an adjoining city park that had been vandalized.[29] During the 1980s, the Queens Botanical Garden had several volunteers who would work with disabled teenagers.[30][31] A sample of events from a 1979 newspaper article included an annual Environment Day and Senior Day; gardening classes; and a spring luncheon benefit.[32] The Queens Botanical Garden had a senior garden, a children's garden, and community corn patches by 1982, as well as herb, bee, and bird gardens.[33]

The city took control of Queens Botanical Garden in 1992 after the previous director and twenty board members were ousted due to a dereliction of duties. The Queens Botanical Garden Society regained control in 1993, and Susan Lacerte was appointed as the garden's executive director.[34][35] Shortly afterward, the Queens Botanical Garden Society began offering programs to the substantial Chinese, Korean, and Latin American populations of Flushing.[36] In 1997, it was announced that a formal Korean garden would be planted in recognition of the Korean population in Flushing, which numbered more than 60,000 at the time.[37]

21st-century additions

In 1998, Queens Botanical Garden Society began devising a master plan for the garden.[38] Details of the plan were released in 2001. The project would convert much of the garden into a landscaped green space surrounding a watercourse, as well as add sustainable energy features that would allow the garden to retain all of the rainwater that it collected.[2][38][39] The master plan was designed by BKSK Architects, Conservation Design Forum, and Atelier Dreiseitl.[40] The $70 million cost would be paid for by the city and state governments, though at the time, funding from both governments was limited due to budget cuts.[38] The following year, a fence was erected around the garden at a cost of $3.9 million. The arboretum at the west end of Queens Botanical Garden, which was formerly accessible after the rest of the garden had closed, was now within the limits of the fence. A renovation of the rest of the garden was also undertaken at a cost of $68 million.[41] The additions included a green roof above one building, solar panels, geothermal power generation systems, stormwater collection systems, and new wetlands and water features.[40]

On September 27, 2007, Queens Botanical Garden's new Visitor & Administration Building was opened.[42] The center, designed by BKSK Architects, was the first building in New York City to achieve the "Platinum" LEED rating, the highest energy-efficiency rating possible.[43][44] The new building was the first phase of the renovated garden to open.[45][46] The renovation also included the construction of an environmentally friendly parking lot on the garden's north side, which was shaped around the surrounding land contours and contains a meadow that was designed to accommodate additional parking. In addition, an artificial wetland and "cleansing biotope" were constructed to collect stormwater in the garden.[46][47]

The Bluestone Foundation donated $8 million to Queens Botanical Garden in January 2023, marking the largest donation in the garden's history.[48][49] The funding was to be used for educational programs; following the donation, garden officials planned to erect a building for these programs.[49]

Description

A pathway in Queens Botanical Garden

Queens Botanical Garden is situated on an irregularly shaped plot in southern Flushing, in the central section of the New York City borough of Queens.[50] It comprises 39 acres (16 ha) of land[51] bounded by Blossom Avenue, Cromellin Street, and Dahlia Avenue to the north; Main Street to the east; Peck, Elder, Booth Memorial Avenues and 133rd Street to the south; and College Point Boulevard to the west.[52] Roughly 18 acres (7.3 ha) are dedicated to outdoor exhibits.[51] The garden charges no admission fee from November to March; for the rest of the year, various admission rates are charged.[53]

Queens Botanical Garden has a pedestrian entrance on Main Street, on its east side, and an entrance and parking lot at Cromellin Street, on its north side. The parking lot takes up much of the northwestern corner of Queens Botanical Garden.[52] The visitor building and the gift shop and gallery are located on the north side of the Queens Botanical Garden. The majority of the public exhibits are located on the east side of the garden, where paths subdivide the land into smaller flower gardens. Various educational buildings, non-public structures, and the Compost Project Demonstration Site are located on the garden's north side. The Arboretum/Crabapple Grove and Meadow take up much of the southwest corner.[52]

Queens Botanical Garden is located in a dip that is lower than the surrounding streets. Most of the garden is atop landfill, which in turn covers the former Kissena Creek. As a result, water tends to flow downward from nearby areas toward the garden, and sinkholes previously tended to form inside the Queens Botanical Garden.[38][2]: 97–101  Because of these qualities, The New York Times called the site, "hydrologically speaking ... a drainage ditch".[38] The 2001 master plan called for redesigning the garden around the dip, and included five "systems" with a total of 27 water features.[2]: 40  As part of the master plan, a "cleansing biotope" was built across the northern side of the Queens Botanical Garden.[47]

The site is often associated with the adjacent Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, to the west.[54]: 15 [55]: 20–21  Main Street separates the garden from Kissena Corridor Park to the east.[56][57]

Administration building

The Visitor & Administration Building opened in 2007.[42] The building is a two-story, 15,800-square-foot (1,470 m2) structure that contains administrative offices and an auditorium inside.[43] The center, designed by BKSK Architects, was the first public building in New York City to achieve the "Platinum" LEED rating, the highest energy-efficiency rating possible.[43] It contained features such as geothermal heating, urinals that do not use water, and composting toilets. The Visitor and Administration Building also included a roof with three environmentally sustainable sections; one section contains solar panels; a second includes a rainwater collection system; and the last uses plants as insulation.[43][45] These features were planned to reduce energy use by 40% compared to other buildings of similar size.[44] The building was constructed by main contractor Stonewall Contracting Corporation at a cost of $12 million.[43][44]

Farm & Compost Site

Children's garden

The Farm & Compost Site, respectively located at the southwestern and northwestern corners of the garden,[52] showcases how to make and use compost to create healthy soil. It includes a compost bin display, one-acre farm, and pollinator habitat, that demonstrate how people can divert organic waste and improve urban soils. Vegetables grown on the farm are shared with intern and volunteers, and donated to emergency food relief programs. Crops include heirloom tomatoes, beans, turnips, and a variety of kale, lettuces, peppers, and radishes.[58]

Other attractions

Queens Botanical Garden includes the Fragrance Walk, an outdoor walkway lined with flowers[59][60] that is located near the Main Street entrance.[52] There is also a Bee Garden near the center south portion of the garden.[52][60]

Kissena Creek

Kissena Creek initially ran under the present-day sites of Kissena Park, Kissena Corridor Park, and Queens Botanical Garden before meeting Flushing Creek at what is now the Fountain of Planets / Pool of Industry in Flushing Meadows. In 1934, Kissena Creek was placed in a culvert at its crossing with Main Street (then called Jagger Avenue), as part of a widening project for the street.[2]: 97–101  The rest of the creek was buried underground in the mid-20th century during Queens Botanical Garden's construction.[61][2]: 96−101 

Today, the remnants of Kissena Creek flow in a sewer underneath Kissena and Kissena Corridor parks and the Queens Botanical Garden.[61][62]: 2–12, 2-15−2-18 [63] It merges with an outflow sewer under Kissena Corridor. The sewers flow west into the Flushing Bay Combined Sewer Outfall (CSO) Retention Facility, located in Flushing Meadows underneath the Al Oerter Recreation Center across to the west of the Queens Botanical Garden. The facility can hold up to 43.4 million US gallons (164 Ml) of water from overflows during storms, before pumping the water to the Tallman Island Waste Water Treatment Plant in College Point.[61][62]: 2–12, 2-15−2-18  [63]: 1-1−1-2 (PDF p.401−402) [64] Otherwise, the water empties into the Flushing River which flows north into Flushing Bay.[61]

Programs and events

Queens Botanical Garden hosts four seasons of public programming, including cultural celebrations and seasonal festivals such as Harvest Fest & Pumpkin Patch, Arbor Fest, and Taiwan: A World of Orchids.[65] Previous events in the 2000s and 2010s included tours of the administration building conducted shortly after it opened,[66] as well as various children's events during the falls and winters.[67][68] In 2014 and 2015, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1964 World's Fair, a model-train show was hosted at the Queens Botanical Garden.[69]

Queens Botanical Garden's educational workshops and tours offer education to children, adults, and teachers through gardens.[70] The Garden also hosts wedding ceremonies, receptions, and other private and corporate events.[71] The Queens Botanical Garden has a Victorian-style Wedding Garden designed specifically for weddings.[72] However, registration is required to use the wedding garden and education building.[52]

Funding

The Queens Botanical Garden receives funding from several sources. In 2016, it received $4.076 million in revenue before expenses. Of this, more than half came from governmental sources, such as the city and state governments. The rest was raised through fundraising events, memberships, and donations. The largest non-governmental donation was from HSBC Bank, which sponsored the Children's Garden.[73]

During the 1970s and 1980s, the city provided funding for about half of the garden's budget, and paid for all of the gardeners and maintenance workers. However, the city's allocation to Queens Botanical Garden decreased in the wake of the late-1970s New York City fiscal crisis, and funding was only restored in 1980 after significant outcry.[74]

In 2005, Queens Botanical Garden was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation. This, in turn, was made possible through a donation by then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.[75][76]

Transportation

A Jamaica-bound Q44 SBS bus stopped in front of the Queens Botanical Garden

Several bus routes of MTA Regional Bus Operations operate in the vicinity of Queens Botanical Garden. The Q58 bus route operates at the far west end of the park on College Point Boulevard, between Flushing Meadows–Corona Park to the west and the Queens Botanical Garden to the east. The route then crosses Flushing Meadows via the Long Island Expressway. The Q20A/B and Q44 Select Bus Service routes run on Main Street at west end of the park, serving the Queens Botanical Garden.[61][50][77][78]

The closest New York City Subway station to the park is Flushing–Main Street on Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue in Downtown Flushing, served by the 7 and <7>​ trains. Long Island Rail Road service on the Port Washington Branch is available at the LIRR station of the same name farther south on Main Street at Kissena Boulevard and 41st Avenue.[50][61][77][78]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mission & History – Queens Botanical Garden". Queens Botanical Garden. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Queens Botanical Garden Master Plan" (PDF). Queens Botanical Garden, Conservation Design Forum, Atelier Dreiseitl. 2002. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Board OK Given More Fair Projects" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. September 23, 1961. p. 9. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  4. ↑ "Home Owners Demand Razing of Old Garage: Sanitation Building Called Menace to Children in Flushing". Long Island Star-Journal. July 5, 1950. pp. 1, 2 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  5. ↑ "March Here, But Not Playground" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. March 11, 1957. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  6. ↑ "'Tardy' Playground Ready Next Month" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. March 12, 1957. p. 24. Retrieved May 30, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  7. ↑ "Corridor Park Trash Covered by Bulldozer: Bigger Playsite Plea Refused" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. March 14, 1957. Retrieved May 30, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  8. ↑ "New Playground to Open in June: 3rd Corridor Park Recreation Site" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. May 8, 1957. Retrieved January 3, 2020 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  9. 1 2 3 "Preparation of the Site for the World's Fair 1964–1965: Supplementary Report" (PDF). City of New York. April 18, 1960. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Mova Botanical Gardens" (PDF). Bayside Times. November 9, 1961. p. 2. Retrieved May 30, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  11. ↑ "City Ponders Funds for World's Fair" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. November 22, 1961. p. 35. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  12. ↑ "Garden Bill Given Push; By City Council" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. March 10, 1961. p. 5. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  13. ↑ "World's Fair Parking Plan Hit: Setup Branded as 'Frightening' to Neighborhood" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. April 19, 1960. p. 5. Retrieved June 4, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  14. ↑ "Work Begins at Site for Relocated Queens Gardens". The New York Times. March 23, 1961. p. 16. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Botanical Garden Administration Building Underway" (PDF). Ridgewood Times. September 6, 1962. p. 17. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "For Release: Queens Botanical Garden Administration Building" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. August 17, 1962. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
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  18. ↑ Fox, Steven (August 10, 2009). "The Stars are Big and Bright—Deep in the Heart of Texas". Offcite Blog. Archived from the original on January 16, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
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  20. ↑ "Landmarks Preservation Commission: Unisphere" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. May 16, 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  21. ↑ "Flushing Meadows Corona Park: Unisphere". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
  22. ↑ "To Be Dedicated" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. October 18, 1963. p. 8. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  23. ↑ 30 Years of Progress: 1934–1965 (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. June 9, 1964. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  24. ↑ "After the Fair Superb Parks" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. January 20, 1964. p. 6. Retrieved June 4, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  25. ↑ "Queens To Get A Zoo" (PDF). New York Amsterdam News. March 14, 1964. p. 28. Retrieved June 4, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  26. ↑ Asbury, Edith Evans (October 27, 1968). "Moses Helps to Open First Queens Zoo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  27. ↑ Goluman, Ari L. (July 16, 1972). "Queens Garden Is for the Young". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  28. ↑ "Cultural Bus Service Due to Be Reinstated". New York Daily News. October 4, 1972. p. 375. Retrieved February 5, 2019 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  29. ↑ Cosgrove, Vincent (August 24, 1977). "Botanical Garden Summer Greens Teens, Who Dig It". New York Daily News. p. 533. Retrieved July 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  30. ↑ "Handicapped Youth in Garden Project". The New York Times. August 20, 1981. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Volunteers Helping Handicapped in Garden". The New York Times. February 23, 1984. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  32. ↑ "Community Calendar" (PDF). Forest Parkway Leader Observer. May 24, 1979. p. 6. Retrieved February 5, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  33. ↑ "Oktoberfest Raises Funds For Queens Garden" (PDF). Ridgewood Times. July 1, 1982. p. 12. Retrieved February 5, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  34. ↑ Kennedy, Randy (November 7, 1993). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: FLUSHING MEADOWS – CORONA PARK; New Board Puts Garden Back on Feet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  35. ↑ Raver, Anne (August 31, 2000). "HUMAN NATURE; From Tai Chi to Collard Greens, a Flowering of Diversity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  36. ↑ Toy, Vivian S. (December 20, 1998). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: FLUSHING; In Garden, a World's Fair of Flowers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  37. ↑ Lewine, Edward (April 13, 1997). "Inexplicably, New Worker at Botanical Garden Fit in Well". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
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  39. ↑ "Garden taps water as its theme". New York Daily News. February 8, 2001. p. 111. Retrieved July 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  40. 1 2 Raver, Anne (September 16, 2004). "A Queens Garden Gives New Meaning to 'Green'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  41. ↑ O'Grady, Jim (May 26, 2002). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: FLUSHING; Fences Make Good Gardens but Angry Neighbors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  42. 1 2 Chan, Sewell (September 27, 2007). "City's 'Greenest' Building Opens in Queens". City Room. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 "Resource Conservation – Adding Green to Queens Botanical Garden". United States Environmental Protection Agency . June 28, 2006. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  44. 1 2 3 QBG Visitor & Administration Center, Flushing, USA Green Buildings Directory, Retrieved on October 2016.
  45. 1 2 Drake, Monica (September 28, 2007). "Garden". The New York Times. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  46. 1 2 Dreiseitl, H.; Grau, D. (2012). New Waterscapes: Planning, Building and Designing with Water. SpringerLink Architecture & Design. Birkhäuser. p. 60. ISBN 978-3-7643-7665-9. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  47. 1 2 "Botanical Garden Leads the Way in Sustainable Design". Botanic Gardens Conservation International. May 2, 2006. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  48. ↑ Marcos, Coral Murphy (January 10, 2023). "Queens Botanical Garden Gifted Its Largest Private Donation In History". Queens, NY Patch. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
  49. 1 2 Orlov, Piotr (January 10, 2023). "Queens Botanical Garden in Flushing announces largest-ever philanthropic gift". Gothamist. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
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  55. ↑ "Flushing Meadows Corona Park Strategic Framework Plan; Conceptual Framework" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
  56. ↑ "New York City Parkland Borough of Queens – Community District 7; Well-Served Areas" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  57. ↑ "Kissena Corridor Park West: Park Map". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  58. ↑ "Our Farm & Compost Site – Queens Botanical Garden". Queens Botanical Garden. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  59. ↑ "Where Spring Is in Full Bloom". The New York Times. April 5, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  60. 1 2 "Queens Botanical Garden: Your Always- Up-to-Date Guide". NYCgo.com. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs. New York, NY: Countryman Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-58157-566-8.
  62. 1 2 "Combined Sewer Overflow Long Term Control Plan for Alley Creek and Little Neck Bay" (PDF). New York City Department of Environmental Protection, AECOM USA, Inc. November 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  63. 1 2 "Flushing Bay Facility Plan Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Environmental Protection. pp. 3-18−3-19, 3-23−3-25, 1-1−1-2 (PDF p.77−78, 82–84, 401–402). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  64. ↑ "Flushing Bay Combined Sewer Outfall (CSO) Retention Facility". New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  65. ↑ "Seasonal Highlights". Queens Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  66. ↑ Kugel, Seth (January 20, 2008). "Seasonal Blahs? Places to Chill – Travel". The New York Times. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Events for Children in NYC This Week". The New York Times. November 1, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  68. ↑ "Asian Art Celebration Heads to Queens for Grand Finale". The New York Times. October 31, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  69. ↑ Kern-Jedrychowska, Ewa (May 21, 2015). "World's Fair Train Show Rolling Into Queens Botanical Garden This Weekend". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  70. ↑
  71. ↑ "Weddings & Special Events – Queens Botanical Garden". Queens Botanical Garden. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  72. ↑ Conry, Tara (May 3, 2016). "Say 'I do' in these NYC gardens". am New York. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  73. ↑ "Queens Botanical Garden Annual Report" (PDF). Queens Botanical Garden Society. 2016. p. 5. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  74. ↑ "City Cutbacks Threaten Queens Botanical Garden" (PDF). Ridgewood Times. March 14, 1957. p. 12. Retrieved February 5, 2019 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  75. ↑ "City Groups Get Bloomberg Gift Of $20 Million". The New York Times. July 6, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Carnegie Corporation - News". Archived from the original on March 10, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  77. 1 2 "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  78. 1 2 "CityTicket Map with bus and subway connections" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
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