Capital City

The city of Rangpur was laid in C.E. 1698 by King Rudra Singha at Tengabari of Meteka area. He then excavated the famous Joysagar Tank and there after he respectively had constructed the Talatal Ghar, Rangnath Dol, Fakuwa dol, Gola Ghar, and the Joy dol. The city had three gates, namely– Borduar (i.e. main entrance), Na-duar and Paniduar besides an underground tunnel connected with the Dikhow river on the north.

The city was bounded by Dikhow on the north, a fort (Garh) near Namdang river on the south, Bangarh on the east and Dikhow-Namdang on the west. Ananta Acharyya, who received the royal patronage of King Siva Singha and Phuleshwari, gives a beautiful description of Rangpur in his manuscript Ananta Lahari –

Rangpur was second Amaravati (first being the Amaravati of Indra) surrounded by the Visistha Jahnavi (i.e. Dikhow) in the north, the river Namdang in the west and the river Dimbawati (i.e. Dimow) in the south. It was surrounded by four successive mud forts with timber fence on the top and inside of which there were brick and stone ramparts, masonroy buildings, stores of gold, silver, copper, bell-metal, scent, precious ornament, arms and ammunition and tanks full of lotus. Besides these, Rangpur,as he writes, was covered by the lines of trees like-mango, jackal fruit, paniyal, jamu, arecanut, orange and coconut.

Successors of Rudra Singha did much for the enhancement of splendour and expansion of the city of Rangpur. Pramatta Singha re-constructed the Rang Ghar with bricks in C.E. 1746, Rajeswar Singha re-constructed the (present-day) Talatal Ghar with bricks, the Hara-Gauri Dol (West of Rangnath) and Nati-Gosain Dol. Lakshmi Singha made a flower garden in which he built the temple of Ekaneswar (Shiva) with a tank.^[5]

Decline

Rangpur was the capital of Ahoms during the most glorious period of the Ahom kingdom. During the Moamoria rebellion (1769–1805), it became vulnerable to the rebels and came under their occupation on many occasions; the rebellion left the city ruined. Kamaleswar Singha made some efforts to revive its former glory but Burmese invasions left it a ruined .